利用分子标记辅助选育大白菜核基因雄性不育系

本研究以含不育基因Ms的大白菜细胞核复等位基因型雄性不育两用系"AB01"的可育株(MsfMs)为供体亲本,以高代自交系‘a20’(msms)为轮回亲本,采用杂交和连续回交转育方法,利用与不育基因Ms连锁的SCAR标记syau_scr01辅助不育基因Ms选择,成功地将不育基因转育到可育品系‘a20’中,育成了不育度和不育株率均为100%,植物学性状与自交系‘a20’相近的新核不育系GMS4。选择结果表明syau_scr01选择的准确率为100%,验证了该标记可以用于大白菜核不育系转育辅助选择。     

水貂自咬症SCAR标记的筛选

采用随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)技术对健康和自咬水貂群体进行检测,并在此基础上进行了RAPD向序列特异性扩增(SCAR)标记的转化。从100个RAPD随机引物中筛选出5个重复性好的引物。通过对引物(A1)的扩增能够在两群体中找到差异标记(HA-400)和共有标记(SA-500),对其进行克隆、测序,并根据测序结果设计两对SCAR引物(SHA-400和SSA-500)。SHA-400和SSA-500在健康和自咬群体中均有扩增。其中,SHA-400在两个群体扩增频率分别为82.5%和22.5%,差异极显著(P0.001);SSA-500在两群体的扩增频率为87.5%和97.5%,差异不显著(P0.05)。结果表明:HA-400可初步作为区分健康和患病水貂群体的分子遗传标记。     

SCAR分子标记在甘蓝型油菜S单倍型分类中的应用

根据克隆到的ISLGa片段与ISLGb片段核苷酸序列之间的差异,发展了1个SCAR分子标记ISLGb(ISLGb-L+PS15),其引物只在具有ISLGb基因型的3个材料中扩增,并且均得到了大小为1265bp的单一亮带。通过与已有的相关分子标记整合得到了1套SCAR分子标记体系。包括2个多重PCR分子标记:①ISLG(PS5+PS15)和SP110(SP11-L+SP11-R')用于鉴别ISLG和IISP11b;②ISLGb(ISLGb-L+PS15)与SP11a(SP11-L+SP11-R)用于鉴别ISLGb和IISP11。还包括1个单PCR分子标记:SRKa(S40-5+S60-2)用于鉴别IISRKa。     

与辣椒抗蚜虫基因相关的RAPD标记筛选及其SCAR转化

以辣椒抗蚜虫野生种质03-C79′与感蚜品种A0003杂交并自交得到F2为试材,应用RAPD分子标记技术和BSA混合群体分组分析法寻找与辣椒抗蚜虫基因相关的分子标记。从200条RAPD引物中筛选到1个辣椒抗蚜虫性状特异的多态性引物RA750。经F2单株验证,RA750的扩增片段在抗蚜虫植株中稳定出现,而在感蚜植株中没有。利用JoinmapV3.0软件计算标记与基因间的遗传距离为6.03 cM。根据对该片段的序列分析结果重新设计了1对引物,将RAPD标记转化成了SCAR标记,并命名为RA750-S。     

Development of isolate‐specific markers for Neofusicoccum parvum and N. luteum and their use to study rainwater splash dispersal in the vineyard

Unique bands were identified in single isolates of Neofusicoccum parvum and Neofusicoccum luteum using universally primed polymerase chain reaction (UP‐PCR) analysis of isolates obtained from grapevines and non‐grapevine hosts in New Zealand, Australia, South Africa and the USA. Primers were designed to amplify a 1550 bp portion of the 1573 bp marker band from N. parvum isolate B2141 and a 510 bp portion of the 524 bp marker band from N. luteum isolate G51a2. A PCR‐RFLP assay was developed to distinguish the N. parvum isolate B2141 from other N. parvum isolates, based on a polymorphism found in the marker band using the TaqI restriction endonuclease. For N. luteum isolate G51a2, the designed primers were specific at an annealing temperature of 63°C in the PCR. The sensitivity threshold of the N. parvum and N. luteum isolate‐specific markers was 50 pg and 5 pg, respectively, when used in standard PCR with purified genomic DNA. The sensitivity of the N. parvum isolate‐specific marker was increased to 0·5 pg by nested PCR. The specificity test of both isolate‐specific markers with six other Botryosphaeriaceae spp. showed that they were specific to their respective species and isolates. Both markers were able to detect the conidia of N. parvum and N. luteum marker isolates in rainwater samples collected at different distances from an inoculation point in the vineyard. The results showed that rain splash could disperse the conidia of both of these species up to 2 m from the inoculum point in a single rainfall event.     

RAPD-SCAR在鱼类种质鉴定中的应用及前景

种质是利用和改良动植物、微生物的物质基础,更是实施各个育种途径的原材料,因此优良种质鉴定是一个很关键的问题.种质鉴定方法已由形态水平发展到蛋白质和DNA分子水平.RAPD技术具有敏感、快速、简便、产量高、重复性好及检测容易等突出优点,广泛应用于种质鉴定中,但也有不足之处.基于RAPD标记技术建立起来的SCAR(Sequence Characterized Amplified Region)标记克服了RAPD标记的不足,操作简捷,特异性和重复性较高,是一种有效的分子标记.RAPD-SCAR分子标记技术的利用使种质鉴定更为快速准确,提高了育种速度,缩短了育种周期,为相关的研究工作提供分子遗传学依据.     

小麦贵农775抗条锈病新基因YrGA的研究

小麦抗病种质贵农775具有抗条锈性,研究其抗条锈遗传,对揭示其抗病机制和培育持久抗病品种具有重要意义。以西农97148×贵农775的杂交群体为材料,利用RAPD,SCAR分子标记和荧光原位杂交技术研究其抗性基因来源及在染色体上的位置。贵农775中的YrGA基因来自于簇毛麦,特异标记与抗条锈病基因YrGA(暂时命名)遗传距离为(0.355+0.001)cM,荧光原位杂交结果显示,贵农775为小麦-簇毛麦新的易位系。由于抗条锈病基因Yr26来源于簇毛麦,位于6VS,而与YrGA连锁的特异片段位于染色体长臂,综合分子生物学试验结果,可以推断YrGA很可能是一个来自簇毛麦并与已知抗条锈病基因不同的新基因。     

Sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) analysis on DNA from the three medicinal Echinacea species

In our previous study, RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) analysis revealed species-specific markers for three medicinal Echinacea species (Asteraceae): E. angustifolia DC., E. pallida (Nutt.) Nutt. and E. purpurea (L.) Moench. In the present work, we have converted a RAPD marker (750 bp) for E. purpurea into a SCAR (Sequence Characterized Amplified Region) marker. SCAR-PCR, in fact, revealed the expected amplicon (330 bp) only in E. purpurea and not in the other two species, giving further evidence for differences in medicinal Echinacea spp. genome and confirming a greater similarity between E. pallida and angustifolia.     

梨矮化基因pcDw的一个SCAR标记

以'矮化梨'(Pyrus communis L.)与 '茌梨'(Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.)的杂交后代共111个单株为试材,采用分离群体分组分析法（Bulked Segregate Analysis, BSA）,通过对412个随机引物的筛选,获得了一个与控制梨树矮化性状基因pcDw连锁距离为8.3 cM、长度为940 bp的RAPD标记S_1172-940, 并将其转换成了SCAR (Sequence Characterized Amplified Region) 标记,即SCAR_-940。这一研究结果,为该矮化性状的标记辅助选择提供了有效工具。     

高粱抗蚜基因分子标记的建立

采用BSA法,应用RAPD技术筛选500个随机引物,共扩增出1614条DNA谱带,其中有OPA-01、OPP-09、OPP-14、OPH-19、OPN-08、OPN-07、OPN-20、OPY-14、OPS-20、OPJ-06 十个引物在抗感池间扩增出了多态性谱带.分析表明,132株后代中,OPN-07727有4株重组,OPN-08373有8株重组,OPY-14600有12株重组,重组率为3.0%、6.1%和9.1%,换算为图距单