RFLP mapping of a new cereal cyst nematode resistance locus in barley

Cereal cyst nematode (CCN) ( Heterodera avenae Woll.) is an economically damaging pest of barley in many of the worlds cereal growing areas. The development of CCN-resistant cultivars may be accelerated with the application of molecular markers. Three resistance genes against the pest have been mapped previously to chromosome 2 ( Ha 1, Ha 2 and Ha 3). In this study, a third gene present in the Australian barley variety 'Galleon' derived from the landrace 'CI3576' was located. Segregation analysis of CCN resistance data derived from doubled haploid populations of the cross 'Haruna Nijo'×'Galleon' identified a single major locus controlling CCN resistance in the variety 'Galleon'. This locus mapped to the long arm of chromosome 5H estimated to be 6.2 cM from the known function restriction fragment length polymorphism marker XYL (xylanase). While five genes for CCN resistance, including Ha2, have been mapped to group 2 chromosomes in the Triticeae, no gene other than Ha4 has been identified on group 5 chromosomes.     

甘薯糠腐茎线虫病组织病理学扫描电镜研究

利用扫描电子显微镜对被甘薯糠腐茎线虫（ＤｉｔｙｌｅｎｃｈｕｓｄｅｓｔｒｕｃｔｏｒＴｈｏｒｎｅ）侵染的甘薯组织细胞的损伤情况进行了观察,结果表明：与健康甘薯相比,轻一中度侵染的病薯细胞失水,雏缩,细胞间隙加大,淀粉粒颗粒变小,大部分细胞出现及变形等病理变化,同时可见许多正在侵染的线虫;患病严重的薯块内细胞严重失水,皱缩,细胞间呈现大的空隙,维管组织变形,有的破碎,细胞内淀粉数量明业减少甚至完全丢失,     

种传线虫病及其治理措施

本文简要介绍了小麦粒线虫(Anguina tritici)、水稻干尖线虫(Aphelenchoides besseyi)、水稻茎线虫(Ditylenchus angustus)、剪股颖粒线虫(Anguina agrostis)等4种种传线虫病害的发生分布为害、侵染部位、症状、传播途径、寄主植物及检疫检验和治理措施。     

Quantity production of anther-derived haploids from a multiple disease resistant tobacco hybrid. I. Frequency of plants with resistance or susceptibility to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), potato virus Y (PVY), and root knot (RK)

Summary Methods are described for producing large numbers of haploid plantlets from anthers of a flue-cured tobacco hybrid with monogenic resistance to tobacco mosaic virus, (TMV), potato virus Y (PVY) and root knot (RK), respectively. Additional details are given on colchicine treatment for converting haploids to doubled haploids (DH's) and on the frequency of spontaneous DH's among untreated plantlets. Disparate genetic ratios of TMV-resistant to TMV-susceptible plants were obtained among colchicine-treated haploid plantlets, induced DH's and untreated haploids when compared with F₂ and BC₁ progenies. Haploids (gametes) with the gene for TMV resistance occurred more frequently than expected and plantlets with the gene for RK resistance occurred less frequenctly than expected. Transmission of the gene for PVY resistance differed only slightly from Mendelian expectations. These unexpected ratios, in addition to the frequent occurrence of plastid chimeras among anther-derived plantlets, strengthened our conviction that haploidy is somehow associated with mutation.Joint contribution from the Departments of Genetics, Crop Science and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, and the Tobacco Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research, Science and Education Administration, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Oxford, North Carolina. Paper No. 5576 of the Journal Series of the North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station, Raleigh, North Carolina.     

甘蓝型油菜与萝卜杂交产生的杂种BC2代株系抗线虫病分析

以甘蓝型油菜与萝卜杂交,属间杂种经染色体加倍后再与甘蓝型油菜回交,经胚胎挽救技术获得１４５株ＢＣ２代杂种,其染色体数２ｎ＝ ３８～４７．获得的ＢＣ２代杂种株中４个基因型具有高抗线虫的基因,线虫胞囊数为０～３,繁殖系数为０～０．２;９个基因型具有抗线虫的基因,线虫胞囊数为３．１～１０．０,繁殖系数为０．２１～１．７．具有抗线虫基因的植株占２５％ 左右．通过进一步回交,可望获得抗线虫病基因的油菜新品系．     

0.5%阿维菌素颗粒剂防治黄瓜根结线虫病药效试验

以"津东8号"黄瓜为试材,以清水为对照,研究了泰安市现代农业科技有限公司生产的不同浓度的0.5%阿维菌素颗粒与深圳诺普信农化股份有限公司生产的0.5%阿维菌素颗粒剂对黄瓜根结线虫病的田间药效。结果表明:泰安市现代农业科技有限公司生产的0.5%阿维菌素颗粒剂2 000、3 000、3 500g/667m2对黄瓜根结线虫病的防效在66.61%～74.63%之间,3 000g/667m2相同剂量下的2个厂家的0.5%阿维菌素颗粒防效差异不显著。     

Reduction in biological efficacy of ethoprophos in a soil from Greece due to enhanced biodegradation: comparing bioassay with laboratory incubation data

Soils were collected from a potato-growing area in Serres, Northern Greece, where the nematicide ethoprophos was reported to have lost its effectiveness against cyst nematodes following 30 years of regular use. Incubation studies with ethoprophos and two bioassays using root-knot nematodes demonstrated that, in this heavily treated soil, the nematicide was degraded rapidly and nematicidal activity persisted only up to 14 days. In soil from an adjacent field with no known history of nematicide use during the preceding 14 years, ethoprophos was degraded more slowly and retained its nematicidal activity for more than 35 days. Ethoprophos efficacy was extended when the soil that had been treated in the field was autoclaved, although the effect was only transitory. The addition of ‘pre-conditioned’ soil from the previously treated field to samples of soil from the previously untreated field resulted in a significant acceleration of ethoprophos degradation compared with that observed in unamended soil from the previously untreated field. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry     

小麦孢囊线虫病传播扩散途径研究初报

为了明确小麦孢囊线虫病的扩散传播途径,调查病区农用机械、麦田翻耕后田间及其周边流水中小麦孢囊线虫的孢囊数量.结果表明,收割机、旋耕机和播种机上土样的孢囊检出率分别为27.1％、51.6％和44.0％,麦稻轮作的病田中,浪渣的孢囊检出率为58.3％,翻耕后麦田积水、沟渠和小河流中的孢囊检出率分别为33.3％、22.7％和7.7％.说明农业机械的跨区作业和水流是小麦孢囊线虫病传播、扩散的重要途径.