Effects of entrance design on catch efficiency of arabesque greenling traps: a field experiment in Matsumae, Hokkaido

ABSTRACT:   A field experiment was conducted in the Matsumae area of Hokkaido, Japan, during June and July 2002, to investigate the effects of different entrance designs on the catch efficiency of fish traps by fishing with commercial traps (entrance inclination angle [α] = 37°; funnel length of entrance [ L _f ] = 22 cm) and experimental traps. The experimental traps were of the same size and similar design as commercial traps, with different entrance inclination angles (trap E1: α = 46°; E2: α = 27°; E3: α = 0°; all L _f  = 22 cm) or funnel lengths (E4: α = 37°, L _f  = 8 cm). In total, 2200 fish during 200 trap hauls were captured. The catch was significantly higher using both traps E2 and the commercial trap than with trap E3 ( P  < 0.05), and the catch of trap E2 was higher than that of the commercial trap. There were no significant differences in mean fish body length or the frequency distributions of body length among trap types (E1, E2, E3 and commercial). The funnel length of the entrance also affected the catch of traps. Trap E4 had significantly higher catches than the commercial trap ( P  = 0.04) when traps were deployed for a 1-day soak time. Fish body length frequency distributions did not differ between trap E4 and the commercial trap. The results showed that catch can be greatly affected by trap entrance designs.     

北京昌平区农业景观野生蜂多样性的时空动态分布

近年来,由于生境质量的下降和生境丧失,野生蜂多样性急剧下降,严重威胁传粉服务和农业的可持续发展。为揭示野生蜂在农业景观镶嵌体中的时空分布格局及不同生境对野生蜂保护的重要性,本研究于2016年4—9月采用网捕法调查了北京昌平农业景观4种主要生境类型(人工林、自然灌木林、荒草地和桃园)中的野生蜂,分析不同生境类型中野生蜂多样性及其时间动态变化特征。结果表明:野生蜂及其中的大体长蜂和独居蜂的物种数和个体数,以及中体长蜂的个体数均在自然灌木林中最高,人工林中小体长蜂个体数最多,野生蜂总个体数和总物种数均在桃园中最低。在不同月份,所有功能群野生蜂均在自然或半自然生境中最高,5月桃园中最低,原因可能与桃园中对地表杂草的集约化管理有关。多度最大的4个优势物种依次为黄胸彩带蜂、铜色隧蜂、黄芦蜂和隧淡脉隧蜂,其在生境间的时间动态特征不同。调查的4种生境均为野生蜂提供了可利用资源,但自然生境和半自然生境的作用更大;其中,自然灌木林维持了较多具有较高潜在传粉效率的中体长和大体长野生蜂,具有更高的保护价值。为了促进该地区农业景观中不同功能群野生蜂多样性及传粉服务,需提高生境类型的多样性,同时在野生蜂活动高峰季节采取低集约化的生境管理方式。     

双波长差值法测定饲料原料中的木聚糖含量

以D-木糖为标准物质,地衣酚-盐酸为显色剂,建立了以双波长吸光度差值测定饲料原料中木聚糖含量的方法,当反应溶液中D-木糖浓度为0~100μg/mL时,其吸光度变化符合Lambert-Beer定律,标准曲线的回归方程为y=0.0039x-0.0151(x为双波长吸光度差值),r=0.9972,结果表明,用此方法测定操作简便、回收率高、重现性好,且相对误差小;所测10种饲料原料的木聚糖含量在2.69%~16.78%之间。     

中国部分板栗品种的SSR标记

从板栗(Castanea mollissima)燕红中分离到25个SSR标记。为了鉴定这些SSR位点,在重复序列的两侧侧翼序列设计引物,并通过化学荧光检测法对6个板栗样品进行检测,共检测到20个多态性位点,每个位点的等位基因数为2~6个。挑选12个位点,通过半自动系统ABI PRISM377对中国北方24个板栗品种进行分析,这12个标记显示了高达75个等位基因的遗传多态性,每个位点的等位基因为4~10个,平均为6.3个,预期的平均杂合性为0.743(介于0.680~0.845),观察值为0.829(介于0.730~0.930)。无效等位基因估算频率显示为3个位点的正向价值,除了一个位点外,这些价值都很低,鉴定几率为7.01×10-11,亲缘关系鉴定几率非常高,为0.999,足够用于花粉流的研究。     

鼠层粘蛋白α5链E3、LG4、LG5片段的克隆及表达

从鼠的肝脏组织中提取总 RNA,采用 RT- PCR获得了鼠层粘蛋白 ( laminin)α5链的 E3 ( L G4 - 5)、L G4 和 L G5等 3个基因片段 ,与 NCBI数据库参考序列相比 ,同源性在 99%以上。将 E3 ( L G4 ,5)、L G4 和 L G5定向克隆到原核高效表达载体 Pet- 2 8a中 ,构建 Pet- 2 8a- E3 、Pet- 2 8a- L G4 、Pet- 2 8a- L G5等 3个原核表达质粒。将表达质粒转化表达受体菌 BL2 1中 ,IPTG诱导表达。收集菌液进行 SDS- PAGE电泳、Western- blotting分析 ,结果显示 ,这 3段基因在原核细胞中成功表达 ,薄层扫描显示表达蛋白占细胞总蛋白的 2 0 %以上。大量提取包涵体 ,纯化后免疫家兔 ,8周后得多克隆抗体 ,间接 EL ISA在抗体稀释到 1∶ 1 2 80 0时仍为阳性     

长壮蝎蝽假死行为的初步研究*

 对长壮蝎蝽(Laccotrephes robustusStl)成虫在水体内外的假死行为以及控制假死行为的关键部位进行了研究。结果表明：(1)水体外假死时长明显高于水体中;(2) 对不同捕食压力的适应导致蝎蝽在水体内外假死行为的差别,并能够提高自身的适合度;(3) 蝎蝽的假死行为并不完全受脑或某一神经节控制,胸部各体节均有独立完成假死动作的可能。     

Development of Sequence Characterized Amplified Region （SCAR） Primers for the Detection of Resistance to Sporisorium reiliana in Maize

Head smut of maize （Zea mays L.）, which was caused by Sporisorium reiliana, occurred in most of the maize growing areas of the world. The purpose of this study was to develop SCAR markers for map-based cloning of resistance genes and MAS. Two sets of BC3 progenies, one （BC3Q） derived from the cross Qi319 （resistance）×Huangzao 4 （susceptible）, the other （BC3M） from Mol7 （resistance）× Huangzao 4 （susceptible）, were generated. Huangzao 4 was the recurrent parent in both progenies. A combination of BSA （bulked segregant analysis） with AFLP （amplified fragment length polymorphism） method was applied to map the genes involving the resistance to S. reiliana, and corresponding resistant and susceptible bulks and their parental lines were used for screening polymorphic AFLP primer pairs. One fragment of PI3M61-152 was converted into SCAR （sequence charactered amplified fragment） marker S130. The marker was mapped at chromosome bin 2.09, the interval of a major QTL region previously reported to contribute to S. reiliana resistance. Furthermore, S130 was highly and facilitate map-based cloni associated with resistance to S. reiliana, and could be useful for marker-assisted selection ng of resistance genes.     

柑橘CHS基因序列多态性及表达水平对类黄酮生物合成的影响

查尔酮的合成是类黄酮生物合成途径中的一个关键节点。从10个柑橘种质中克隆了查尔酮合成酶(chalcone synthase,CHS)基因,并对其不同时期的果实和叶片中的类黄酮含量进行了测定,分析了CHS基因的序列多态性与类黄酮含量之间的关系;同时通过qRT-PCR检测了CHS基因在不同种质之间以及同一种质的不同组织间的表达差异。结果表明,柑橘CHS基因的核苷酸序列高度保守,相似度达98%以上。聚类分析表明,CHS氨基酸序列的多态性有物种特异性,而且与类黄酮含量有一定的相关性。CHS基因的表达水平在不同种质、部位及生长发育时期有显著差异,这些差异与类黄酮的含量有显著的相关性,说明CHS基因对类黄酮的生物合成有明显影响。     

Porosity and capillarity of weft knitted spacer structures

A geometrical model of weft knitted spacer structures made with mono-filament yarn has been analysed to understand the spacer yarn path. Theoretical models have been created to predict the porosity and the radius of the capillaries of a knitted spacer structure depending on their geometrical parameters, such as course spacing, wale spacing, stitch length, fabric thickness, count of yarn and fibre density. Polyester knitted spacer fabrics were produced with different parameters; their porosity was determined by measuring the weight and compared with the theoretical porosity. The validity of the model was confirmed by experimental results. The porosity of knitted spacer structures made out of mono-filament yarn can be maintained above a certain level by adjusting the fabric parameters such as fabric thickness, course spacing and wale spacing.     

细胞壁消化产物对果实细胞乙烯生成的影响

果蔬产品机械伤害是诱发采后乙烯生成并导致果蔬产品迅速衰老、腐烂失去商品价值的重要因素之一.本文探讨了果实细胞壁组织对乙烯生成的影响和原因.实验表明:利用含果胶酶的细胞软化酶消化从苹果果实组织分离出的细胞壁,将消化(水解)产物加入悬浮培养的苹果细胞中能迅速诱导细胞的乙烯生物合成.结果说明由果实伤害所引起细胞壁分解所产生的细胞璧碎片,能迅速诱导果实组织细胞中的乙烯合成.