不同保存温度对华南虎粪样生殖激素检测结果的影响

为了解保存温度对野生动物粪样生殖激素检测结果的影响,采集21份雌性成年华南虎的新鲜粪样为试验对象,用Cat ELISA Kit测定在不同温度环境保存的粪样中雌二醇（E）、孕酮（P）、黄体生成素（LH）和卵泡刺激素（FSH）的浓度。结果：7份新鲜粪样,每份分成2份,分别直接冷冻干燥和-20℃保存后冷冻干燥,粪样中雌二醇、孕酮、卵泡刺激素和黄体生成素含量在两者间差异均不显著（P〉0.05）;4份新鲜粪样,每份分成4份,分别置于25℃,4℃,-20℃和-70℃条件下保存24 h,粪样中雌二醇、孕酮、卵泡刺激素和黄体生成素含量在各处理间差异均不显著（P〉0.05）;5份新鲜粪样,每份分成5份,-20℃保存9 d,粪样中雌二醇、孕酮、卵泡刺激素和黄体生成素含量始终均无显著差异（P〉0.05）;5份新鲜粪样,每份分成5份,4℃保存9 d,粪样中雌二醇、孕酮、卵泡刺激素和黄体生成素含量始终均无显著差异（P〉0.05）。结果表明,应用Cat ELISA Kit检测华南虎粪样雌二醇、孕酮、卵泡刺激素和黄体生成素具有很好的稳定性,粪样在常温条件下短时间（9 d）保存不影响检测结果。     

The status of the recently introduced fish Leucaspius delineatus (Cyprinidae) in Great Britain

Abstract The fish Leucaspius delineatus (Heckel) (Cyprinidae) has been introduced to southern England as a result of importation as an ornamental fish. It is now established at several waters (lakes, canals, and lowland rivers) in Hampshire and Somerset. It appears to be well adapted to spread beyond these centres as a result of its small size at sexual maturity and reproductive biology. A preliminary assessment of its diet and fecundity, and notes on its breeding habits are given.     

Acute Toxicity of Synthetic Pyrethroid Cypermethrin on the Common Carp (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cyprinus carpio</Emphasis> L.) Embryos and Larvae

In this study, the toxic effects on the embryos and larvae of the common carp were used as a model to investigate the synthetic pyrethroid pesticide, cypermethrin, which contaminates aquatic ecosystems. Data obtained from the cypermethrin acute toxicity tests were evaluated using the Probit Analysis Statistical Method. The control and eight test experiments were repeated five times. The number of dead embryos significantly increased in response to cypermethrin concentrations 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 2, 4 and 8 μg l⁻¹ (p<0.05 for each case). The 48 h LC₅₀ value (with 95% confidence limits) of cypermethrin for common carp embryos was estimated at 0.909 (0.256–5.074) μg l⁻¹. Dose–response decreases in hatching success were recorded as 87.4, 85.0, 80.2, 71.4, 56.3, 48.6, 38.8 and 23.5%, respectively. The lowest concentration of cypermethrin (0.0001 μg l⁻¹) produced a significant increase in the number of dead larvae compared to the control group (p<0.05). The number of dead larvae significantly increased with increasing cypermethrin concentrations exposed for 1–96 h (p<0.05). The highest concentration (8 μg l⁻¹) showed the highest larvae mortality. The 96 h LC₅₀ value (with 95% confidence limits) of cypermethrin for common carp larvae was estimated at 0.809 (0.530–1.308) μg l⁻¹. The results of the study suggest that low levels of cypermethrin in the aquatic environment may have a significant effect on the reproduction and development of carp.     

Effects of salinity and temperature during incubation on hatching and development of lingcod Ophiodon elongatus Girard, embryos

The interactive effects of salinity and temperature on development and hatching success of lingcod, Ophiodon elongatus Girard, were studied by incubating eggs at four temperatures (6, 9, 12 and 15°C) and five salinities (15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 g L^?1). Hatch did not occur in any of the 15°C treatments. Degree days (°C days) to first hatch was not influenced by temperature or salinity, however, calendar days to first hatch differed significantly for temperature (P<0.0001, 61±1, 44±1 and 35±1 days for 6, 9 and 12°C respectively). Degree days to 50% (427.1±4.2) hatch was not significantly influenced by temperature but was by salinity (P=0.0324). Viable hatch (live with no deformities, 74.1±4.0%) was greatest at 9°C and 25 g L^?1 but not significantly different in the range of 20–30 g L^?1. Larval length (9.4±0.13 mm) was greatest at 9°C and 20–30 g L^?1. Temperature and salinity significantly influenced all categories of deformities with treatments at the upper (12°C and 35 g L^?1) and lower limits (6°C and 15 g L^?1) producing the greatest deformities. The optimal temperature and salinity for incubating Puget Sound lingcod eggs was found to be 9°C and 20–30 g L^?1.     

Behavioural interactions of seabirds with suspended mussel longlines

Increased abundances of a number of seabird species have been found in areas of mussel longline aquaculture (compared to control sites) in a recent study at Bantry Bay, southwest Ireland. The aim of this study was to investigate whether this form of mussel aquaculture also affects the activity budgets and foraging behaviour of these seabirds. Scan-sampling was used to compare seabird activity budgets between three areas of mussel longline aquaculture and three control sites. Foraging activities of Great-Northern Divers Gavia immer, an Annex 1 species under the Euopean Union's Birds Directive, were also compared between sites using focal sampling. The behaviour of gulls (Larus sp.), Cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo, Shags Phalacrocorax aristotelis and Great-Northern Divers (but not auks, Alcidae) differed significantly between areas of mussel aquaculture and control sites in this study. Mussel suspension buoys were heavily utilized by gulls, cormorants and shags as safe perching platforms for preening activities. Gulls also fed extensively on epifauna attached to the buoys. Great-Northern Divers spent more time snorkelling (head submerged in search of food) in mussel sites than in the control sites, however dive duration and visible foraging success rates did not differ significantly between sites. Overall, the environmental impact of mussel suspension culture appears to be positive or neutral on marine bird species occurring at this study site.     

长江刀鲚繁殖群体的生长特性

刀鲚(Coilia nasus)是一种具有多种生活史类型的中小型鱼类,溯江洄游中的刀鲚也是目前长江下游最重要的经济鱼类之一。为评估刀鲚渔业生物学特征的变化趋势,分析了2012年5月采自长江靖江段的458尾刀鲚繁殖群体样本。结果显示,刀鲚繁殖群体由1~4龄组成,其中2~3龄个体占85.81%;体长14.2~38.9 cm,平均(25.72±4.08)cm;体重9.2~208.4 g,平均(69.59±33.73)g;体长与体重关系式W=0.0028L3.0866(R2=0.915 3);平均丰满度为0.38±0.08。依据生长方程Lt=40.82[1–e-0.31(t+0.55)]和Wt=262.59[1–e-0.31(t+0.55)]3,求得渐近体长L∞为40.82 cm,渐近体重W∞为262.59 g,体重生长的拐点出现在2.99龄的Wt=77.66 g。与20世纪70年代的研究结果相比,长江刀鲚繁殖群体中补充群体和低龄剩余群体的比例显著增加,低龄化和小型化趋势明显,丰满度下降,资源衰退严重,但生长潜力依然存在。应采取降低对繁殖群体的捕捞强度、保护产卵场等积极措施来保护这一珍贵的渔业资源。     

Determinism of the induction of the reproductive cycle in female Eurasian perch, Perca fluviatilis: Identification of environmental cues and permissive factors

In Eurasian perch, Perca fluviatilis, gametogenesis is induced by decrease of both temperature and photoperiod. However, a multiplicity of other factors can display non-permissive or modulating effects on the induction of the reproductive cycle. Consequently, a 9-week study was carried out to determine the environmental cues and permissive factors controlling the induction of the reproductive cycle in this species. A two-level fractional factorial design 2^8-4 was used in order to identify the influent factors from 8 environmental and nutritional ones and their 28 interactions. Tested factors were: (1) amplitude of temperature decrease, (2) time, (3) kinetics and (4) amplitude of photoperiod decrease, (5) initial nutritional state, (6) handling, (7) feeding rate and (8) light spectrum. Increase of gonadosomatic index (GSIi), proportion of female in exogenous vitellogenesis (EVP), plasma 17 β-estradiol (E₂) and cortisol levels, fat consumption and food intake were evaluated.This study showed that the amplitude of the decrease of temperature and the time of photoperiod decrease are the two main environmental cues controlling the induction of the reproductive cycle in Eurasian perch. GSIi was the highest (3.8%) when females were exposed to both low amplitude of temperature decrease and precocious decrease of photophase. It was the lowest (1.1%) when high amplitude of temperature decrease and late decrease of photophase were applied. Handling in association with temperature modulated the broodstock response. 100% of the unhandled fish held at 14 °C were at the exogenous vitellogenesis stage with mean E₂ and basal cortisol levels of 1.6 ng mL^− 1 and 9 ng mL^− 1 respectively. Handled fish and fish held at 6 °C exhibited lower vitellogenesis (40-73%) associated with lower E₂ (0.6-1.1 ng mL^− 1) and higher basal cortisol levels (37-89 ng mL^− 1). No other factor nor interaction displayed a cueing or non permissive effect on the induction of the reproductive cycle in female Eurasian perch. A first schematic model is proposed to explain the factorial determinism of the induction of the reproductive cycle.     

不同耐旱型玉米自交系冠层光合及产量对生殖生长期干旱胁迫的响应

在PVC管栽和大田条件下,采用裂区试验设计,主区为玉米自交系、裂区为水分处理,测定玉米冠层光合和产量等指标。结果表明,与对照(CK)相比,干旱胁迫(WS)处理下冠层叶色值(SPAD)、光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和叶面积指数(LAI)均呈下降趋势,耐旱性较强的黄早四(HZS)平均降幅小于耐旱性较弱的CML58,其SPAD和LAI的降幅较高期(R3)出现早于CML58(R5);干旱胁迫后,水分利用效率(WUE)呈升高趋势,HZS平均升幅高于CML58。HZS的SPAD、Pn、Tr、WUE、LAI、单株粒重、收获指数和群体产量均高于CML58。与CK相比,WS处理下HZS群体产量平均降幅低于CML58。综上,耐旱性较强的玉米自交系冠层光合参数对生殖生长期干旱胁迫响应相对滞后,可在干旱胁迫后维持相对较高的光合性能、水分利用效率和叶面积指数,促进植株干物质转化与子粒建成,最终获得较高产量。     

楚雄州2012～2014年6种猪繁殖障碍性疫病的血清流行病学调查

[目的]了解楚雄州猪繁殖障碍性疫病的流行情况.[方法]采用血清学方法调查了楚雄州2012～2014年6种猪繁殖障碍性疫病的感染情况.[结果]楚雄州猪圆环Ⅱ型病毒病总阳性率达到89.41％,猪伪狂犬病总阳性率达到47.00％,猪细小病毒病阳总性率达到47.46％,猪乙型脑炎病总阳性率达到49.39％,猪衣原体病总阳性率达到24.36％,猪弓形虫病总阳性率达到23.98％.[结论]6种繁殖障碍性疫病广泛存在于楚雄州,此调查结果为控制繁殖障碍性疫病的流行提供了一定的参考依据.     

罗氏沼虾雄性生殖系统的组织化学研究

本研究用组织化学方法研究了罗氏沼虾雄性生殖系统中主要生物大分子的分布及变化，并探讨其原因。从精原细胞到精子的发育过程中，ＤＮＡ含量变化不大，只是随细胞核从细胞的中部转到成熟精子的主体部。ＲＮＡ的浓度略有降低，蛋白质的含量也有下降，但精氨酸逐渐生成。在成熟精子主体部前端和棘状部有少量ＰＡＳ阳性物质，这与前人的研究有很大的不同。输精管和射精管内分泌物呈ＰＡＳ强阳性，ＨｇＢｐＢ反应也呈强阳性，证明含有大量糖类和蛋白质，这种环境对精子的生理成熟和维持活力可能有十分重要的意义。