基于RS与GIS的三峡库区秭归县水土流失快速动态监测

RS和GIS技术是开展水土流失研究的有效工具,可以对水土流失分布与强度的动态变化进行快速监测。以三峡库区秭归县为例,利用1999和2004年两个时期的TM影像,在ERDAS/IMAGINE和ARC/INFO软件支持下,对研究区水土流失状况进行了快速监测与分析。     

植物氮素营养诊断的进展与展望

根据植物氮素营养诊断的发展脉络,总结了化学诊断和无损测试技术的主要内容,重点阐述了植株硝酸盐快速诊断、叶绿素仪和遥感技术在作物氮素营养诊断及氮肥推荐中的应用原理、优缺点以及发展现状,提出可将叶绿素仪和遥感技术结合使用、利用叶绿素荧光技术诊断植物氮素营养以及将植物氮素营养诊断技术应用于森林生态系统健康和生态系统服务功能的评估。     

基于模型和遥感的水稻长势监测研究进展

水稻生长模型是集气候、土壤、品种和栽培措施等因素为一体的对水稻的物候发育、光合生产、器官建成、同化物积累与分配以及产量与品质形成等生理过程及其与环境和技术因子关系综合量化的动态数学模型,具有机理性和预测性。遥感影像的信息波段及其组合可以反射作物生长的空间信息,可实现对水稻进行长势监测和估产,具有及时性和广域性。将二者结合用于长势监测不但具有理论研究意义,而且还具有重要的应用价值。在简要概述水稻生长模型和长势遥感监测研究进展的基础上,总结了水稻生长模型和长势遥感监测相结合下水稻长势监测应用的研究进展,并提出一些今后研究设想。     

基于RS与GIS的城市化进程中唐山市土地利用动态变化研究

利用1993和2003年影像,分析了唐山市区10年间土地利用动态变化情况,结果表明该段时间内唐山市市区土地利用变化状况巨大,主要表现在耕地的减少,城市及交通用地和城镇用地的增加.阐明了区域土地利用变化的特点,揭示了经济高速发展地区在城市化进程中土地利用/土地覆被变化的时空过程及区域土地利用变化的空间分异规律.     

Spectral and thermal sensing for nitrogen and water status in rainfed and irrigated wheat environments

Variable-rate technologies and site-specific crop nutrient management require real-time spatial information about the potential for response to in-season crop management interventions. Thermal and spectral properties of canopies can provide relevant information for non-destructive measurement of crop water and nitrogen stresses. In previous studies, foliage temperature was successfully estimated from canopy-scale (mixed foliage and soil) temperatures and the multispectral Canopy Chlorophyll Content Index (CCCI) was effective in measuring canopy-scale N status in rainfed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) systems in Horsham, Victoria, Australia. In the present study, results showed that under irrigated wheat systems in Maricopa, Arizona, USA, the theoretical derivation of foliage temperature unmixing produced relationships similar to those in Horsham. Derivation of the CCCI led to an r ² relationship with chlorophyll a of 0.53 after Zadoks stage 43. This was later than the relationship (r ² = 0.68) developed for Horsham after Zadoks stage 33 but early enough to be used for potential mid-season N fertilizer recommendations. Additionally, ground-based hyperspectral data estimated plant N (g kg⁻¹) in Horsham with an r ² = 0.86 but was confounded by water supply and N interactions. By combining canopy thermal and spectral properties, varying water and N status can potentially be identified eventually permitting targeted N applications to those parts of a field where N can be used most efficiently by the crop.     

毛乌素沙地南缘植被覆盖度动态监测——以陕西省靖边县为例

监测毛乌素沙地边缘的植被覆盖状况,为治理沙地提供科学的数据。以1986和2000年的TM影像为基础,利用RS、GIS技术和植被指数,动态监测毛乌素沙地南缘的植被覆盖度,揭示陕西省靖边县植被覆盖格局的变化趋势,并且利用ERDAS IMAGIG 8.6软件实现了植被覆盖度模型的建立及该模型输出图像的分类。1986~2000年间靖边县的植被覆盖度总体呈现上升的趋势,低度和中度覆盖度的区域分别减少了57 155.31和27 997.92 hm2,高度覆盖度的区域增多了85 153.23 hm2,这与靖边县加大水土流失治理力度有重要关系。1986和2000年的植被覆盖度比较表明,靖边县的生态恢复呈现了良好的态势。     

大气气溶胶遥感反演研究进展

大气气溶胶是悬浮在地球大气中的微粒混合物,它不仅对全球气候变化产生影响,而且影响到大气环境质量和人类身体健康。目前,大气气溶胶的研究已经成为国际研究热点之一。介绍了气溶胶参数遥感反演的国内外研究进展,对利用卫星遥感资料反演气溶胶参数的方法进行了总结,分析了方法中的各种假定条件,并对该领域内现存的问题与发展方向进行探讨。     

城市用地景观结构变化与机制的遥感研究——以浙江省义乌市为例

采用遥感结合景观分析方法,对义乌市城市用地景观结构变化进行研究。结果表明,义乌市人文景观快速发展的同时,景观密度不断减小,用地集约度不够;人为强干扰作用使城市自然景观发展滞缓,景观结构合理性不足;分析其变化机制,发现人口和经济因素与之关联密切,并构建了变化数学模型。     

Tracking environmental dynamics and agricultural intensification in southern Mali

The Office de la Haute Vallée du Fleuve Niger (OHVN) zone in southern Mali is a small but important agricultural production region. Against a background of environmental degradation including decades of declining rainfall, soil erosion, and human pressure on forest resources, numerous farming communities stand out through the use of improved soil and water management practices that have improved agricultural and environmental conditions. Field surveys conducted in 1998–2001 indicated that environmental and agricultural conditions have improved in the past decade. In an effort to better quantify environmental trends, we conducted a study using medium- and high-resolution remotely sensed images from 1965 to 2001 in order to analyze land use and land cover trends in 21 village territories. The trends show clear indications of agricultural intensification and diversification among villages that have received assistance from the OHVN agricultural development agency. Some communities have improved environmental conditions by protecting their forest resources through community management actions. Four decades of remotely sensed images played a practical role in tracking and quantifying environmental and agricultural conditions over time.     

无人机遥感技术在草地动植物调查监测中的应用与评价

近些年,无人机遥感由于其具有分辨率高、时效性高、机动性强、可云下低空飞行等优势在草地资源监测及草地生态方面迅速兴起。本文首先介绍了无人机遥感的系统组成以及不同传感器在草地监测上的应用,在此基础上对无人机在草地植被覆盖度监测和地上生物量估算、草地有蹄类野生动物和草地啮齿动物监测中的应用研究进行了综述,并对该技术存在的问题及限制进行了探讨,从而有针对性地解决所需要监测的对象与问题,这对于草地动植物资源在调查中构建精准数据获取、实现实时动态监测具有重要的研究意义和实际应用价值。