氮氧化物去除技术中催化剂的研究进展

选择性催化还原法（SCR）是燃煤电厂等工业领域中去除高浓度氮氧化物最有效的技术,而光催化（Photocatalytic）方法则为最具潜力的去除城市空气环境中低浓度氮氧化物的技术。概述了选择性催化还原中各种金属、非金属以及多孔材料的沸石催化剂的发展及不足,介绍了光催化技术催化原理并就催化剂的选择、制备影响因素进行了综述和评价。最后,对SCR催化剂和光催化剂的发展进行了展望。     

稻壳降解人体排泄物的研究

［目的］ 用稻壳处理人体排泄物,实现废物的减量化和资源化。［方法］ 采用免水式生物反应器,以稻壳作为反应基质来处理人体排泄物,着重研究反应基质中营养元素的含量变化特征和人体粪便的减量化过程。［结果］ 未粉碎稻壳和粉碎稻壳的干重累积减少率分别为92.40%、81.47%;未粉碎稻壳和粉碎稻壳基质产物中的N、P、K等营养物质含量均较丰富。［结论］ 未粉碎稻壳和粉碎稻壳基质产物可以作为有机肥。     

降解氯苯类化合物研究进展

针对氯苯类化合物的结构、物化性质及污染现状,从高级氧化法、生物法、还原法及其反应机理、特点和应用,逐一介绍了氯苯类化合物处理方法,重点对各种方法在氯苯类废水处理应用中的优、缺点进行了比较。最后对氯苯类化合物降解进行了展望,针对实际废水制定适宜的联合处理技术是未来的研究热点之一。     

生猪养殖粪污减量化和集中全量化处理模式的探索与实践

规模化养殖业快速发展的同时带来了环境问题。介绍了养殖粪污的危害及处理现状,以新余罗坊沼气站为例,阐述了粪污减量化处理和集中全量化处理模式。结果表明,养殖粪污总固体(TS)不低于6%时,该模式能实现沼气站与养殖场的"双赢",实现养殖粪污的无害化、减量化及资源化利用。     

2010年春季滨州海盐减产的气象原因分析

通过分析气象资料,得出2010年滨州海盐春季减产的根源主要是：①受连续多次强冷空气的影响,2009年冬天渤海近海海域出现40年来罕见的海冰灾害,影响卤水浓度;②2010年初春降大到暴雪,加之温度低,无法进行塑苫,使结晶池里原有的盐晶融化;③2010年春天（3～4月）又出现明显倒春寒天气,气温回升慢,阴天较多,风力小,蒸发少,结晶慢。     

植物生长调节剂对烤烟上部叶开片降碱的影响

对比试验结果表明:烤烟施用烟钾、晟绿丰2号和赤霉素,上部叶面积比对照分别增加21.73%、22.79%、25.65%;烟钾对提高中上等烟比例效果明显;晟绿丰2号有助于提高单位面积产值;脱落酸可导致叶片变薄,中上等烟比例下降。烟钾和晟绿丰2号对降低烟碱含量、增加钾含量有一定的效果,烟碱比比对照分别降低24.13%、31.64%。赤霉素和脱落酸在降低烟碱方面有一定的效果。以晟绿丰2号和赤霉素促进上部烟叶开片和降碱的综合效果较好。     

区域污染物削减模型的研究

在深入研究当前区域污染物削减模型的基础上,综合考虑区域污染整体现状,区域企业的经济状况、排污情况以及企业污水的实际处理难度等问题,对企业排污及其对区域经济发展贡献是否相匹配作出合理的分析,强调重视公平和效率原则,提出了污染源评价数的概念,并以此为依据将企业划分等级分别进行污染物削减的计算,建立了企业级别上的污染物削减模型。     

Soybean response to iron‐deficiency stress as related to iron supply in the growth medium

The Fe‐inefficient T203 and the Fe‐efficient A7 and Pioneer 1082 (P1082) soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) were grown hydroponically with no (0 mg Fe L^‐1 ; ‐Fe) and a minute level (0.025 mg Fe L^‐1 ; +Fe) of Fe to (a) compare their responses to Fe‐deficiency stress and (b) relate Fe‐efficiency in soybeans to their ability to initiate the Fe‐stress‐response mechanism at low levels of Fe. With no Fe in solution, P1082 released similar levels of H⁺ ions, but released less reductant from their roots and there was less reduction of Fe³⁺ to Fe²⁺ by their roots than by A7 roots. These responses were also one day later and occurred after a more severe chlorosis and a lower leaf Fe had developed in P1082 than in A7. With 0.025 mg L^‐1 of solution Fe, it was not necessary for the Fe‐stress response mechanism to be fully activated to make Fe available in A7 soybean, whereas a strongly enhanced Fe stress response was observed in P1082. Increased Fe uptake and regreening of leaves immediately succeeded initiation of the Fe stress response in both cultivars and at both levels of Fe. Thus, P1082 was slightly less efficient than A7 soybean, but would be classed more efficient than the previously studied soybean cultivars A2, Hawkeye, Bragg, Pride, Anoka, and T203. These results support the hypothesis that the most efficient soybeans are those which can initiate the Fe‐stress response mechanism with little or no Fe in the growth medium. The near simultaneous occurrence of the factors in the Fe‐stress response mechanism (H ion and reductant release, reduction of Fe to Fe by roots), and the immediate increase in leaf Fe and chorophyll contents following that response suggest that all these factors act in concert, not independently, to aid in the absorption and transport of Fe to plant tops.     

An iron chelating compound released by barley roots in response to Fe‐deficiency stress

The excretion of phytosiderophores by barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) has recently been documented and a major difference in the Fe‐stress response of gramineous species and dicotyledonous species proposed. However, currently used methods of quantifying and measuring phytosiderophore are tedious or require specialized equipment and a cultivar easily accessible to U.S. scientists is needed. The objectives of this study were (a) to determine if “Steptoe”; and “Europa”; (used as a control cultivar) barleys would release Fe³⁺ solubilizing compounds in response to Fe‐deficiency stress and (b) to develop a technique to determine the efficiency of solubilization of Fe(OH)₃ by the released chelating substances. Two cultivars of barley were place under Fe‐stressed (‐Fe) and nonstressed (+Fe) conditions in modified Hoagland solutions (14 L). The solutions were periodically monitored for H⁺ and reductant release from the roots and plants were rated daily for chlorosis development. Periodic (6 or 7 harvests) evaluation of the release of Fe³⁺ solubilizing substances was performed as herein described. Neither H⁺ nor reductant extrusion occurred with either cultivar during Fe stress. However, Fe³⁺ solubilizing substances were released by both cultivars at relatively high levels under Fe‐stress conditions compared to the nonstressed plants. A convenient technique was developed to measure the release of Fe solubilizing substances released by barley roots.     

海南荔枝产量的寒害风险分析与区划

利用1990-2010年海南荔枝产量和气象资料,采用线性滑动平均、回归分析、信息扩散等方法,构建荔枝的理论收获面积模型和气象灾害指数,实现了寒害与其它气象灾害减产率的分离,并建立产量风险评价模型,结合地区间荔枝种植规模风险的差异,对海南荔枝寒害综合风险进行区划.结果表明：海南荔枝产量风险较高的区域主要分布于北部和中部,西北部相对较低,南部、东部和西南部沿海地区最低.种植规模风险较高的地区主要分布在中部、北部和东部.综合风险较大的地区呈带状分布,高风险区集中在中部和北部,其中海口、琼中和五指山风险最高,澄迈略低,东部、西部和南部的沿海地区风险最低.区划结果较好地反映了海南荔枝寒害风险分布的实际情况,可为荔枝合理布局、防灾减灾提供科学依据.