竹荪液体培养适期营养需求的研究

通过单因子试验分析 ,研究了几种碳源、氮源、无机盐对液体培养竹荪菌丝生长的影响和菌丝体生长规律 ,并测定了菌丝和子实体主要营养成分及氨基酸含量。结果表明 ,液体培养 9d ,菌丝生物量最高。菌丝的最适碳源和氮源为蔗糖与黄豆粉 ,无机盐MgSO4 、CaCl2 、ZnSO4 可显著促进菌丝生长。菌丝体与子实体营养成分种类相似 ,但菌丝体蛋白质和氨基酸含量却显著高于子实体     

环境及栽培措施对作物根系发育的影响

综述了环境（土壤、光、温度和重金属）及栽培措施（耕作方式、施肥、调节剂和水分）对作物根系生长发育、形态结构、生理生化的影响,并提出“根一苗”关系、“根一冠”关系以及环境和农艺措施对根系的调节效应为该研究领域的主要研究方向和关键问题。     

绣球菌菌丝体液态发酵培养工艺条件优化

为绣球菌进一步开发利用及工厂化生产奠定基础,在单因素实验基础上采用正交试验分析法,以绣球菌菌丝鲜重为指标,确定最佳工艺参数。结果表明：绣球菌菌丝体液态发酵最佳工艺条件：PDA培养基、培养温度26℃、振荡速度150 r/min、发酵时间13 d、碳源为葡萄糖、氮源为玉米粉。以液态发酵法高效获取绣球菌菌丝体及菌种是行业规模化发展的必然需求,本研究结果为绣球菌后续相关研究提供了理论依据。     

异硫氰酸荧光素标记鳗弧菌条件优化及应用条件对荧光信号的影响

为了实现对目标细菌的有效示踪,实验以异硫氰酸荧光素(FITC)为标记物,分别设置FITC标记浓度0.2、2、20、50、100、200μg/mL,标记时间1、15、30、60、120、240 min,研究了FITC标记浓度与标记时间对鳗弧菌标记效果的影响,同时对在不同温度(25、4、-20、-70℃)及不同时间(24、48、96、192 h)存储条件下鳗弧菌标记荧光的稳定性进行了比较,对标记鳗弧菌经甲醛灭活后的荧光变化进行了观察,研究了不同光照条件(0、150、1 500、25 000 lx)对标记鳗弧菌的荧光衰减影响,以及在-20和-70℃条件下反复冻融对标记鳗弧菌荧光强度的影响。结果表明,FITC的最适标记浓度范围为20~100μg/mL,最适标记时间范围60~120 min,储藏在-20和-70℃条件下,标记后的鳗弧菌荧光信号比储藏在4和25℃条件下稳定,标记后的鳗弧菌经甲醛灭活后的荧光信号稳定性优于对照组,不同强度自然光照对标记鳗弧菌的荧光衰减效果不明显,标记细菌经3次冻融,发现在-70℃条件下冻存的细菌荧光信号稳定性保持良好。本研究结果为FITC用于标记海洋细菌提供了实用的技术参数。     

高效纤维素分解菌的分离鉴定及堆肥效果研究

采用CMC-Na平板法和刚果红染色法从自然发酵的牛粪中分离获得高效纤维素分解菌,通过形态学观察、生化试验及16S rDNA分子生物学对菌株进行鉴定,采用单因素法确定菌株的最佳培养条件,最后接种牛粪进行堆肥发酵观测其效果。结果表明:获得的菌株Y2鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌;经产酶条件优化后,菌株Y2的滤纸酶活力(FPA)为15.83 u·mL~(-1),羧甲基纤维素酶活力(CMCA)高达100.81 U·mL~(-1),分别是优化前的1.3、2.76倍。堆肥试验结果表明:接种Y2组和EM菌剂组均在第3 d进入高温期(50℃),且高温期分别维持了9 d和8 d,接种Y2组纤维素降解率达到42%,而EM菌剂组为35%,接种无菌水组只有10.5%。菌株Y2在堆肥发酵方面具有较大的应用潜力。     

Effects of Pre-Stratification Storage Conditions on Black Walnut Seed Post-Stratification Germination Capacity

The objective of this work was to quantify changes in the germination capacity of Juglans nigra seeds following storage and then artificial stratification. Seeds were stored at 5 and –20 °C under 5% and 14% internal moisture content (IMC) for 0, 8, 10, and 12 months under conditions with oxygen or under vacuum. Germination percentage (GP) was affected by storage temperature, IMC, and storage period. Seeds stored with 5% IMC succeeded in germinating regardless of the temperature. Seeds stored with 14% IMC did not germinate (–20 °C) or germinated during storage (5 °C). The GP was reduced with the time of storage in seeds at –20 °C and 5% IMC and this effect was avoided in storage under vacuum. In conclusion, the germination capacity of black walnut seeds did not change for up to 12 months at low above-zero temperature and low IMC (5 °C, 5% IMC), being the most cost-effective alternative for long-term storage of black walnut seeds in commercial nurseries. Vacuum storage avoided the decrease of around 50% in average germination capacity of seeds stored for a year at –20 °C.     

潲水油制备生物柴油工艺的研究

[目的]研究潲水油制备生物柴油的工艺。[方法]以潲水油为原料,研究在NaOH催化作用下与甲醇进行酯换反应制备生物柴油的工艺。[结果]该反应的最佳工艺条件为：醇油摩尔比为7∶1,催化剂用量为原料油质量的1.0%,反应温度为60℃,反应时间为90min;在此条件下原料转化率为86.9%。该生物柴油的主要成分含量高达95.71%。[结论]以潲水油为原料,经预处理后可以制备出性能良好的生物柴油产品。     

构建和谐城市民工居住环境的途径

基于对我国城市民工居住现状的分析,阐述其与城市化建设的关系,从而进一步提出解决民工居住问题的方法及措施。     

Development and survival of Haemonchus contortus infective larvae derived from sheep faeces under sub-tropical conditions in the Potohar region of Pakistan

Assessment on the development and survival of Haemonchus contortus larvae was made to evaluate the influence of microclimatic variables viz., relative humidity (%), temperature (°C), rainfall (mm) and intensity of sunlight (hrs). Pasture plots in a sub-tropical area, Pakistan were contaminated with H. contortus eggs at the start of every month. The plots were sampled on fortnightly basis after contamination for three consecutive months. The overall pattern indicated the most favorable conditions for survival, development and translation to herbage was during the wet season from July to October and the least favorable was during the dry season from April to June. Peak infective larvae (L₃) recovery was during the 15–45 day interval for each plot and the lowest number was during the 75–90 day interval. Herbage was collected in the morning, afternoon and evening and greatest recovery of L₃ was in the morning time and least in the afternoon. The number of L₃ on pasture was directly related to the pattern of rainfall and relative humidity with a significant (P < 0.05) positive correlation and temperature and intensity of sunshine were negatively correlated (P < 0.05). The results suggest that pastures can remain infective for up to 2 months and become relatively clean by 90 days after contamination. Thus, long pasture rest periods, especially during the high risk wet season, may be a helpful strategy to reduce the infection levels.     

绿洲生态条件下氮磷肥配施对冬小麦干物质分配及产量的影响

在西北绿洲生态条件下,设165 kg·hm-2(N1),225 kg·hm-2(N2)两个氮素(纯氮)水平和105 kg·hm-2(P1)、165 kg·hm-2(P2)两个磷素(P2O5)水平共4个处理,研究了氮磷配施对冬小麦产量及干物质积累及分配、灌浆特性的影响。结果表明:N2P1、N2P2具有较高的籽粒产量,分别为7 644.73、7 686.25 kg·hm-2,同时,水分利用效率(WUE)也较高,分别为11.67、11.49 kg·hm-2·mm-1;千粒重和穗粒数随施氮量增加而提高,磷对籽粒产量构成要素影响不显著;氮、氮和磷互作对籽粒平均灌浆速率(V)、最大灌浆速率(Vmax)、有效灌浆持续期粒重增加值(Ws)和有效灌浆持续期灌浆速率(Vs)均有显著影响,但影响籽粒重量的主要因素是Vmax;氮、磷及氮和磷互作对不同器官干物质积累及其分配影响在不同生育时期表现不一。