盛夏干旱期猕猴桃园百喜草覆盖与敷盖的生态生理效应

在盛夏干旱期，猕猴桃园行间百喜草覆盖（Covering)与株间百喜草敷盖（Mulching)可以降低地表温度，根际土温与冠幕气温，有效保持土壤含水量及冠幕空气相对湿度，随干旱期的持续延长，猴猴桃园土壤含水量，叶片水势，叶片光合速率均逐渐降低，而进喜草覆盖与敷盖可在一定程度上延缓它们的下降。     

猕猴桃溃疡病防治研究

对猕猴桃细菌性溃疡病防治方法进行研究,结果表明,冬末春初“划道”控制,病斑,夏委彻底刮除治疗病斑,疗效达80％－90％,DTMz等为此病防治的首选药物。     

Preparation and Quality Evaluation of Nutritionally Enriched Jam Made from Blends of Indian Blackberry and Other Fruits

Jamun (Syzygium cumini) is a tropical, underutilized fruit which is highly perishable in nature. It is a good source of vitamin C, tannins, gallic acid and anthocyanins and its beneficial effects are mostly due to the presence of bioactive compounds (pigments and phenolic compounds) in it. Due to astringent and fibrous nature, preparation of jam from jamun pulp is quite difficult, but other fruits (apple and kiwifruit) can be incorporated in it to improve its quality. This study aims to develop jam from blends of jamun with other fruits and analyse various physico-chemical, nutritional, textural and sensory properties. It was found that physico-chemical properties of jams were not found to vary greatly, but the jamun–kiwifruit jam was found to have fairly high amount of antioxidants(46.75 ± 0.67%), tartaric acid (26.24 ± 0.02 mg/100g sample), ascorbic acid (0.08 ± 0.01 mg/100 g sample) and lactic acid (23.95 ± 0.01 mg/100g sample) and lowest amount of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (0.38 ± 0.04 mg/100 g sample). Jamun jam and jamun–kiwifruit jam possessed the texture required for jam while jamun–apple jam was found to be a relatively harder gel. Jam made with jamun and kiwifruit pulp was found to have highest acceptability on the basis of sensory evaluation.     

涪陵区无公害杨梅的栽植优势及发展趋势

杨梅不仅是一种经济价值较高的农产品,而且也是退耕还林过程中增收较快的经济树种之一,涪陵区的自然条件适宜杨梅种植,因此,大力发展优质杨梅栽培技术是涪陵区调整农业产业结构的一个突破点。近几年,涪陵区杨梅加工业发展迅速,杨梅栽植优势明显,具有广阔的发展前景。本文结合重庆市涪陵区的实际情况,对无公害杨梅栽植的优势进行了分析,并结合涪陵区的种植现状提出了优化无公害杨梅种植的措施。     

“红阳”猕猴桃采后存放过程中的品质变化

以云南曲江栽培的“红阳”猕猴桃为试材,同期从市场上购买“黄金果”“楚红”“徐香”“亚特”4个品种作为对照,对存放过程中的果实硬度、可溶性固形物、维生素C、黄酮、还原糖、总糖、总酚等指标进行测定,以研究“红阳”猕猴桃存放过程中的品质变化。结果表明:存放期间,与口感相关的硬度、固形物、还原糖、总糖含量均呈下降趋势,而与功能相关的维生素C、总酚、总黄酮含量呈下降趋势,且中华系列品种“红阳”“楚红”“黄金果”的下降幅度较美味系列品种“徐香”“亚特”高,表明在中华猕猴桃系列品种的采后、销售过程中,冷链的采用非常必要,即使是在食用阶段,冰箱冷藏是避免有效组分降解的有效手段。结果同时表明,从营养、口感综合角度讲,当猕猴桃果实达到熟化食用阶段时,应尽快食用,否则会影响其营养价值。在未来的猕猴桃品质选育中除注重风味、口感指标外,培育高含量功能物质降解缓慢品质将是一个重点。此外,应加强储藏过程中避免有效保存功能物质的降解变化研究。     

红肉猕猴桃果实发育期不同果肉部位比较转录组分析

红肉猕猴桃中果皮和内果皮在果实发育不同时期色泽变化模式有显著差异,但目前对于其内在的分子调控机制尚不清楚。本研究中,利用高通量测序技术,对红肉猕猴桃(‘红实2号’)中果皮与内果皮4个不同发育时期(开花后0 d, 28 d, 75 d, 157 d,分别标注为T1时期, T2时期, T3时期, T4时期)的样本进行转录组测序。经去除低质量数据后,得到Clean reads数目为2 192～4 331万,检测到的基因数目为24 607～29 170个。在(log2 Ratio)≥1和FDR<0.05阈值下,中果皮和内果皮在T2、T3、T4时期检测到的差异基因数目分别为1 880个、4 799个、7 346个和4 31个、1 493个、7 700个。KEGG分析显示这些差异表达基因被富集到68个代谢途径,包括DNA复制、RNA转运、蛋白质输出、植物激素信号转导、类黄酮生物合成、花青素合成、淀粉与蔗糖的代谢等。此外我们还鉴定到13个花青素合成相关基因差异表达,大部分基因的表达量随果实的发育呈现下降趋势,这一结果与花青素含量变化模式相吻合。本研究不仅深化了对猕猴桃果实成色差异机理的认识,还对今后的彩色猕猴桃选育种工作有一定的帮助。     

A rapid extensigraph protocol for measuring dough viscoelasticity and mixing requirement

The extensigraph is particularly useful in characterizing dough viscoelastic properties; however, testing throughput for standard method is low due to the prerequisite for farinograph water absorption, long dough resting and milling to prepare large amounts of flour. Therefore, a rapid extensigraph method was developed that reduced sample size (165 g wheat) for milling and more than tripled throughput. Wheat is milled in Quadrumat Junior mill with a modified sieving system. The resulting flour (100 g) was mixed with a pin mixer at constant water absorption to allow the evaluation of wheat genotypes at the absorption level they are expected to perform. Dough was subsequently stretched by an extensigraph after 15 min of floor time and 30 min resting. Strong correlations for extensigram R_max (r > 0.93), extensibility (r > 0.64) and area (r > 0.88) were found for the proposed method compared to the standard method. Mixing parameters (time and energy) obtained during dough preparation provided further information about dough strength and mixing requirement. By significantly reducing sample size requirement and increasing testing throughput, this rapid extensigraph method can be widely adopted in milling and baking industry and meets the need for a fast evaluation of dough strength in breeding trials.     

Inhibition study of red rice polyphenols on pancreatic α-amylase activity by kinetic analysis and molecular docking

This study sought to investigate the possible inhibition mechanism of red rice polyphenols (RRP) on pancreatic α-amylase (PA) activity. RRP showed strong inhibition against PA activity and the half-inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) value was 3.61 μg/mL. The fluorescence quenching of PA by RRP was a combination of static quenching and dynamic quenching. RRP could aggregate with PA and the physiochemical properties of the aggregates were closely related to the concentration of RRP. Kinetic analysis suggested that the inhibition mode of RRP on PA was reversible inhibition, which was a mixing of competitive inhibition and noncompetitive inhibition. Molecular docking speculated that RRP could form hydrogen bonds with PA by binding to the catalytic active sites (ASP197, GLU233 and ASP300) and the microenvironments of TRP58 and TRP59 were altered, thus inhibiting PA activity.     

矮型猕猴桃(Actinidia chinensis)"赣猕5号" 的离体培养研究

对中华猕猴桃矮型种质“赣猕5号”进行了离体培养与快繁研究。以带腋芽的茎段为外植体,在MS 6-BA1,0 mg/L NAA0.1 mg/L培养基上进行诱导。诱导出的不定芽分别在MS ZT1.0 mg/L 6-BA 1.0mg/L NAA0.2 mg/L IBA0.1 mg/L和W h ite IBA0.5 mg/L培养基上进行增殖和生根培养,增殖系数可达4.6,生根率可达94%。完整小植株经炼苗、移栽后的最终成活率为95%左右。     

正交组合设计法优化红甘蓝色素提取工艺参数

研究了红甘蓝色素提取过程中温度、提取时间对提取产量的影响.在单因素试验的条件下,采用正交试验方法对提取过程的工艺条件进行了优化,确定了红甘蓝色素提取的最佳工艺参数:在料液比为1∶15的条件下,提取时间40 min,提取温度40℃,提取得到的红甘蓝色素产量最高;验证性试验也取得同样的结果.