钙处理对采后猕猴桃果实生理生化的影响

对采收后的猕猴桃果实采用不同的钙处理,然后测定其软化衰老过程中糖类含量的动态变化情况,结果表明:猕猴桃果实成熟时,其果糖含量由采后第20天的15.5μg.mg-1增加到第80天的26.5μg.mg-1;而经过浸钙处理的猕猴桃果实,其果糖含量比对照的低,这说明浸钙处理能够抑制其果实的软化衰老,从而能延长果实的贮藏期。     

生菜叶片光谱红边参数对氮营养的响应特征分析

以不同氮素供应水平下的水培生菜为研究对象,采用光谱仪和叶绿素仪分别获得生菜叶片的漫反射光谱信息和叶绿素含量,通过提取生菜叶片光谱的红边参数,分析不同氮素供应水平下红边参数的变化规律,以及各个红边参数与生菜叶片叶绿素含量间的关系.结果表明,随氮营养供应水平的提高,生菜叶片各红边参数呈现不同的响应趋势.红边位置、最小振幅、红边面积以及红边振幅和最小振幅比值与生菜叶片SPAD值间均具有极显著的相关关系,其中以红边位置的相关程度最高,其相关系数为0.9420,均方根误差为1.803.可见,红边位置可以作为生菜叶片氮素营养诊断的一种有效指标.     

Carbon dioxide exchange of a larch forest after a typhoon disturbance

A typhoon event catastrophically destroyed a 45-year-old Japanese larch plantation in southern Hokkaido, northern Japan in September 2004, and about 90% of trees were blown down. Vegetation was measured to investigate its regeneration process and CO₂ flux, or net ecosystem production (NEP), was measured in 2006–2008 using an automated chamber system to investigate the effects of typhoon disturbance on the ecosystem carbon balance. Annual maximum aboveground biomass (AGB) increased from 2.7 Mg ha⁻¹ in 2006 to 4.0 Mg ha⁻¹ in 2007, whereas no change occurred in annual maximum leaf area index (LAI), which was 3.7 m² m⁻² in 2006 and 3.9 m² m⁻² in 2007. Red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) had become dominant within 2 years after the typhoon disturbance, and came to account for about 60% and 50% of AGB and LAI, respectively. In comparison with CO₂ fluxes measured by the eddy covariance technique in 2001–2003, for 4.5 months during the growing season, the sum of gross primary production (GPP) decreased on average by 739 gC m⁻² (64%) after the disturbance, whereas ecosystem respiration (RE) decreased by 501 gC m⁻² (51%). As a result, NEP decreased from 159 ± 57 gC m⁻² to −80 ± 30 gC m⁻², which shows that the ecosystem shifted from a carbon sink to a source. Seasonal variation in RE was strongly correlated to soil temperature. The interannual variation in the seasonal trend of RE was small. Light-saturated GPP (P_max) decreased from 30–45 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ to 8–12 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ during the summer season through the disturbance because of large reduction in LAI.     

不同品种猕猴桃果实有机酸组分及含量分析

有机酸是猕猴桃风味形成的重要因素之一,测定猕猴桃有机酸组分及含量变化为研究其风味形成及有机酸代谢途径提供基础。以分属2 个栽培种的12 个猕猴桃品种资源为试材,利用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)对果实的有机酸组分和含量进行测定。结果表明,12 个猕猴桃品种果实中的总酸含量差别较大,其范围是21.207~42.708 mg/(g· FW);其中中华猕猴桃总酸含量均值[33.030 mg/(g· FW)]要高于美味猕猴桃[27.665 mg/(g· FW)]。12 个猕猴桃果实中主要组分为奎宁酸、苹果酸和柠檬酸,含量变化范围分别是0.000~15.559、5.103~26.426、4.173~9.843 mg/(g· FW)。猕猴桃中的有机酸组分和含量既有共性特征又有特异性存在。     

CAPNl基因4685位点与肉质嫩度相关性研究

[目的]探索延边黄牛与草原红牛钙蛋白酶I（CAPNl）基因4685位点对肉质嫩度的影响。[方法]采用PCR—RFLP技术对草原红牛、延边黄牛CAPNl基因第14内含予区4685位点进行基因多态性与肉质嫩度进行分析,验证该位点在吉林省地方品种牛中的作用。[结果]该位点与肉质嫩度相关检测指标（蒸煮损失、肌纤维直径、剪切力、滴水损失等）密切相关,均表现为T等位基因的存在能够显著提高个体的嫩度水平,但该位点与pH无关。4685位点与屠宰性状（净肉重、胴体重、净肉率等）无关,仅与眼肌面积存在一定的相关性。[结论]延边黄牛与草原红牛CAPNl基因4685住点与肉质嫩度存在密切相关。     

转红色荧光蛋白基因唐鱼肌肉中抗生素标记基因(NPTⅡ)检测和表达量分析

为了获得有特色的观赏鱼,本实验室在2003年将含有海葵红色荧光蛋白基因的表达载体(同时含有标记基因新霉素磷酸转移酶基因(NPTⅡ))转入唐鱼(Tanichthys albonubes)的受精卯,获得转红色荧光蛋白基因唐鱼,对其外源标记基因NPTⅡ的表达产物和存在时间进行分析,为评价转基因鱼的生物安全提供依据.本实验对转基因唐鱼和非转基因唐鱼肌肉中抗生素标记基因(NPTⅡ)进行PCR检测和NPTⅡ表达产物的免疫检测试剂条检测,结果显示,转基因唐鱼检测到NPTⅡ基因和表达产物,而非转基因唐鱼中均没检测到该基因和表达产物存在.同时在唐鱼死亡后(水温20～25℃),应用酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)对死亡0 (鲜活肌肉)、24、48、72、96、120和144 h组的转基因唐鱼肌肉中NPTⅡ蛋白的含量进行定量检测,结果表明,转基因唐鱼鲜活肌肉中NPTⅡ蛋白在肌肉中的含量为9.12 ng/g,随着转基因唐鱼死亡时间增加肌肉中NPTⅡ蛋白含量逐渐减少,死亡96 h组转基因唐鱼肌肉中NPTⅡ蛋白已经接近为0.结果表明,转基因唐鱼肌肉中NPTⅡ蛋白在白然环境中容易降解,推测其对环境安全隐患相对较低.     

红三角区域农产品虚拟水的比较研究

以虚拟水计算方法为基础,对南方地区红三角区域2000年的农产品虚拟水进行了比较研究,并对区域农产品的结构调整及水资源利用进行了探讨。结果表明,在不降低人均水资源消费需求的情况下,水资源较丰富的地区可通过农产品虚拟水贸易方式,更好地发挥区域性水资源优势,并引导人们改变其生产结构与消费模式,主动开发和生产有效益的水资源密集型农产品;通过农产品虚拟水战略,在更大区域范围内缓解水资源紧缺地区的水资源压力,创新水资源管理机制。     

Relating tradable credits for biodiversity to sustainability criteria in a dynamic landscape

Tradable biodiversity credit systems provide flexible means to resolve conflicts between development and conservation land-use options for habitats occupied by threatened or endangered species. We describe an approach to incorporate the influence of habitat fragmentation into the conservation value of tradable credits. Habitat fragmentation decreases gene flow, increases rates of genetic drift and inbreeding, and increases probabilities of patch extinction. Importantly, tradable credit systems will change the level of fragmentation over time for small and/or declining populations. We apply landscape equivalency analysis (LEA), a generalizable, landscape-scale accounting system that assigns conservation value to habitat patches based on patch contributions to abundance and genetic variance at landscape scales. By evaluating habitat trades using two models that vary the relationship between dispersal behaviors and landscape patterns, we show that LEA provides a novel method for limiting access to habitat at the landscape-scale, recognizing that the appropriate amount of migration needed to supplement patch recruitment and to offset drift and inbreeding will vary as landscape pattern changes over time. We also found that decisions based on probabilities of persistence alone would ignore changes in migration, genetic drift, and patch extinction that result from habitat trades. The general principle of LEA is that habitat patches traded should make at least equivalent contributions to rates of recruitment and migration estimated at a landscape scale. Traditional approaches for assessing the “take” and “jeopardy” standards under the Endangered Species Act based on changes in abundance and probability of persistence may be inadequate to prevent trades that increase fragmentation.     

水和磷互作对红壤丘岗地区旱作水稻生物量和产量的影响

通过盆栽和大田试验研究了水和磷互作对旱作水稻生物量和产量的影响。研究表明:土壤含水量和施磷量对旱作水稻生物量和产量有极显著的影响,且二者的交互作用十分明显,影响程度以籽粒> 茎>根。上壤含水量为饱和持水量的60%时对旱作水稻生物量和产量影响较大,而80%和100%时几乎没有影响。旱作水稻生物量和产量均随施磷量的增加而增加。这说明控制土壤水分为饱和持水量的80%时就能完全满足旱作水稻的生长,但要求获得较高的产量时必须注意磷肥的投入,或者采取一些凋控措施提高土壤磷的利用率。     

Study on the association of BoLA-DRB3.2 alleles with clinical mastitis in Norwegian Red cows

Genotyping of bovine leucocyte antigen DRB3.2 (BoLA-DRB3.2) in a total of 523 Norwegian Red (NR) cows from two groups selected for high protein yield and low clinical mastitis, respectively, identified 27 previously reported BoLA-DRB3.2 alleles across the groups. Significant differences in BoLA-DRB3.2 allele frequencies were found between the selection groups. Alleles *13, *18, *22 and *27 had a significantly higher frequency in cows selected for low clinical mastitis, while alleles *3, *9, *11 and *26 had a higher frequency in cows selected for high protein yield. Associations between BoLA-DRB3.2 alleles and clinical mastitis were analysed based on mastitis data from 741,072 first-lactation NR cows, of which 452 were genotyped. Alleles *22 and *26 were found to be associated with increased clinical mastitis, while alleles *7, *11, *18 and *24 had a favourable effect on mastitis resistance. Contradictory results from different studies investigating associations between BoLA-DRB3.2 alleles and mastitis indicate that future studies should focus on associations of mastitis with BoLA haplotypes rather than with single BoLA genes.