入世风险与农村现行双层经营制度的变迁

中国加入WTO之后 ,农民不仅要承担其他国家农民所承担的自然风险与市场风险 ,还要承担因现行双层经营制度带来的预期不确定性的风险 ,其根源在于现行的经营制度呈现出极大的“体制锁定”的色彩。要打破这种体制锁定 ,必须两条腿走路 :诱致性创新与强制性创新并举。既精减机构 ,明确政府的责、权、利 ,又扶植与培育农民联合体 ,增强市场创新主体分摊成本的能力与赢利能力 ,从而确保新体制的生命力与竞争力。     

Historical range of variability in eastern Cascades forests,Washington, USA

The historical range of variability (HRV) has been suggested as a coarse filter approach to maintain ecosystem sustainability and resiliency. The historical range of variability in forest age structure for the central eastern Cascade Range in Washington State, USA was developed from historical fire return intervals and the manner in which fire acted as both cyclic and stochastic processes. The proportions of seven forest structural stages calculated through these processes were applied to the area of each forest series within the central eastern Cascades landscape. Early successional forest stages were more common in high elevation forest than low elevation forest. The historical proportion of old growth and late successional forest varied from 38 to 63 percent of the forested landscape. These process-based estimates are consistent with those developed from forest structural information. HRV is a valuable planning tool for ecosystem conservation purposes, but must be applied to real landscapes with consideration of both temporal and spatial scale. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

乡村生态文明建设与乡村旅游协调发展路径研究——以海口周边乡村地域为例

乡村生态文明建设与乡村旅游发展具有互存互促关系。以海口周边生态文明村建设与乡村旅游互动发展现状及乡村旅游发展条件为依据，探讨该地域乡村生态文明建设与乡村旅游协调发展路径，提出应以生态文明村建设成果为基础，注重乡村旅游的经济发展、文化促进和民生服务等多重功能发挥，通过提高居民主体意识、制定乡村旅游整体规划、加强乡村基础设施建设、提升旅游服务和管理质量、保护乡村文化与生态环境以及实施乡村旅游生态补偿、加强乡村旅游产品宣传等，实现乡村旅游与乡村生态文明建设的互动发展。     

Antioxidant,anti-amylase and anti-glycation potential of brans of some Sri Lankan traditional and improved rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties

Brans of 23 traditional and 12 improved (both red and white) rice varieties in Sri Lanka were screened for anti-amylase and anti-glycation activities in vitro. Varieties which showed the highest inhibitory activities at screening were further investigated for anti-glucosidase and glycation reversing as anti-diabetic properties. The same varieties were studied for selected antioxidant properties. Significantly high anti-amylase and anti-glycation activities were observed for bran extracts of red varieties compared to white varieties at screening. Traditional red rice varieties, Masuran, Sudu Heeneti, Dik Wee and Goda Heeneti, exhibited significant and dose dependent anti-amylase, anti-glycation and glycation reversing activities. These varieties also showed marked antioxidant properties. It is concluded that brans of Sri Lankan traditional red rice varieties Masuran, Sudu Heeneti, Dik Wee and Goda Heeneti may be potential food supplements for diabetes.     

农业机械化在破解"三农"问题中发挥重要作用

农业机械是农业和农村先进的、重要的生产力,农业机械的运用对破解“三农”问题直接或间接地产生作用。本文结合当地“三农”问题实际,在调查研究的基础上,找出农业机械化在破解“三农”问题上存在的突出问题,按照《中华人民共和国农业机械化促进法》等有关规定提出相应的解决措施,以谋求农业机械化得以快速健康发展,从而更好地为“三农”服务。     

参数投影寻踪模型在农村公路交通发展综合评价的应用

农村公路建设是农业和农村经济赖以发展的重要基础设施．是推进社会主义新农村建设的重要内容。通过对各个省份农村公路建设的综合评价，可以找出各地区农村公路发展规模的差距，并指出优先发展的指标。以往的评价多采用模糊综合评判技术，不可避免地存在人为赋予权重的干扰，导致评价结果的出入。为此，采用新兴的降维技术一投影寻踪评价模型，通过改进遗传算法来优化投影寻踪模型多维参数．建立了4省农村公路交通发展的基于改进遗传算法的参数投影寻踪综合评价模型。有效地克服了主观赋予权重的干扰．取得了满意效果；同时，指出了各个省份发展农村公路建设优先考虑的指标顺序，为该方面研究提供了新的思路与研究方法。     

基于体验经济的乡村花卉旅游产品提升策略研究

旅游从诞生之初就具备了体验经济的属性,而创造独特的、难忘的、新奇的旅游体验,让旅游 者在旅行过程中获得多层次需求的满足成为旅游企业努力的方向。在体验经济时代背景下,针对乡 村花卉旅游市场,了解游客市场需求,发挥资源优势,转变运营思路,对原有的花卉旅游产品进行提升 和创新是目前值得思考研究的课题。根据模型提出乡村花卉旅游产品的提升策略,主要是针对存在 的问题提出相应的解决方案,结合理论给出系统的产品建议,同时也提出了政府、企业、乡村、人才培 养等方面保障建议以促进花卉旅游的可持续发展。     

加快农业科技成果转化,促进县域经济发展

近年来,黑龙江省农业科技成果转化应用取得了长足发展,县域经济发展迅速,但也存在着农业科技成果转化率低、资金投入不足、体制落后、队伍不稳、农民文化素质较低等诸多问题.文章在综合分析发展机遇和面临矛盾的基础上,提出了增加资金投入、加强政府管理、建立科学合理的政策法规保障体系等对策和建议.     

河南中牟县万滩镇养殖池塘底泥重金属污染评价

调查了河南中牟县万滩镇养殖池塘底泥中Cr、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd和Hg等重金属元素的分布特征,并以内梅罗综合污染指数评价法对其污染状况进行评价。结果表明,该地区首要污染重金属Cr平均含量高达53.35mg/kg,超无公害水产品产地环境要求国家标准最高限量幅度为6.7%;Cd含量在0.07~1.13 mg/kg之间,其平均值0.45 mg/kg未超过无公害水产品产地环境要求,但超出《土壤环境质量标准》Ⅰ类;Cu、Zn、Pb、Hg含量范围分别7.98~40.31 mg/kg、30.24~80.22 mg/kg、11.29~24.50 mg/kg、0.08~0.17 mg/kg,平均值均未超过2项国家标准最高限值;以《农产品安全质量无公害水产品产地环境要求》为评价标准,利用内梅罗综合污染指数法评价重金属综合污染指数表明,该地区的污染状态主要为警戒级和轻微污染级。