合水粉葛根异黄酮含量分布与组成的HPLC指纹图谱

[目的]研究合水葛根异黄酮含量的HPLC指纹图谱,为合理开发利用其资源提供理论依据。[方法]采用高效液相色谱法,以葛根素为标准品,对合水粉葛块根的头、中、尾、表皮、皮下部分和须根的总异黄酮、葛根素含量和异黄酮成分构成进行了分析研究。[结果]合水粉葛块根表皮的总异黄酮和葛根素含量都高于皮下部分,块根尾部总异黄酮和葛根素含量较头部和中部低;须根的总异黄酮含量高于块根,但须根中葛根素占总异黄酮含量的比例低于块根,并且存在一种含量仅次于葛根素的未知异黄酮物质。[结论]合水粉葛块根不同部分和须根的总异黄酮、葛根素含量和异黄酮成分构成不同。     

不同基质及取材方式对粉葛扦插生根的影响

粉葛的需求量与日俱增,而粉葛种植基本是粗放式管理,其扦插初期成活能力较低。为提高粉葛扦插的成活率、根系生长能力和加快生长速度,以韶关大塘火山粉葛为例,研究不同基质及取材方式对粉葛扦插生根的影响。结果表明,疏松、低营养、保水性好的基质有利于粉葛扦插枝条生根生长。选择明显硬化较老的枝条、对枝条进行斜切,并将扦插枝条的节位插入基质以下均有利于生根。     

须弥葛提取物热裂解产物分析及其在烟草中的应用

[目的]为天然提取物在卷烟中的应用提供一定的理论基础。[方法]采用在线热裂解气相色谱-质谱（Py—GC／MS）法研究了须弥葛提取物的热裂解行为，并对该提取物进行嗅香及加入卷烟后的抽吸评价。[结果]须弥葛在一系列裂解温度下检测到醛类、酮类、酯类、吡啶类等致香物质，这些物质是构成卷烟香味的重要组成部分，在卷烟抽吸中可以提高香气质、掩盖杂气、改善烟气细腻柔和程度、增加烟气回甜。[结论]结合提取物的嗅香评价及加入卷烟后的感官评价，须弥葛提取物可以改善卷烟感官品质，在卷烟中具有良好的应用前景。     

马鹿花5种种植模式土壤微生物多样性比较

采用PCR-DGGE技术对马鹿花5种种植模式土壤微生物多样性进行分析,结果表明:(1)5种种植模式土壤微生物垂直方向呈现随土层深度的增加其Simpson指数逐渐降低的趋势,且马鹿花-墨西哥柏林、马鹿花-蓝桉林Simpson指数高于其对照,马鹿花-三年桐林、马鹿花纯林Simpson指数低于其对照;(2)水平方向上马鹿花-蓝桉林总体丰富度、多样性指数及均匀度指数均最高,马鹿花-墨西哥柏林丰富度最低,马鹿花-三年桐林多样性及均匀度指数最低,相同条件下马鹿花纯林模式比马鹿花-三年桐林更优,中厚的棕壤较深厚的棕褐壤更适宜种植马鹿花.     

葛根全粉制备工艺研究

以新鲜葛根为原料,采用制片、干燥、粉碎等工艺制备葛根全粉,以全粉的碘蓝值、色泽为评价指标,研究了护色剂、护色时间、蒸煮时间和热风干燥温度对全粉品质的影响。结果表明,烘干温度是影响碘蓝值的主要因素;最佳制备工艺参数:护色剂及质量分数为0.35%柠檬酸和0.30%焦亚硫酸钠,护色时间60 min,蒸煮时间16 min,烘干温度60℃。     

Influence of fallow management systems and frequency of cropping on weed growth and crop yield

The influence of weeds on maize intercropped with cassava was evaluated in three fallow management systems and four cropping frequencies from 1989 to 1996 in Ibadan, Nigeria, West Africa. Fallow management systems consisted of natural bush, Leucaena leucocephala hedgerows and Pueraria phaseoloides fallow. Frequencies of cropping were continuous cropping, 1 cropping year alternating with 1, 2 and 3 years of uncropped fallow. Shrubs and climbers contributed 60–70% and herbs (predominantly weeds) 30–40% to the total dry matter produced in all treatments. Weed dry matter and seedbank increased with time in all treatments but was higher in natural bush fallow by the fifth and sixth years and in continuously cropped plots. Weed seed density increased with time in the continuously cropped plots and in plots cropped after 1 or 2 years of fallow but decreased with time when the fallow period was up to 3 years. Maize grain yield decreased over time in both unweeded and weeded plots irrespective of treatment with the exception of the weeded P. phaseoloides fallow treatment. Cassava tuber yield decreased over time in unweeded plots in all treatments while tuber yield increased in weeded P. phaseoloides fallow treatment and remained relatively constant in L. leucocephala and natural bush fallow plots. The results from this study suggest that planted fallow involving legume species is more effective in weed management in the long term than natural fallow. Fallow period was beneficial to crop yield and yield improvement increased with the length of the fallow cycle, particularly for cassava.     

Plant growth and microbial activity in a tropical soil amended with faecal pellets from millipedes and woodlice

The effect of soil fauna-mediated leaf litter (faecal pellets) versus mechanically fragmented (finely ground) leaf litter on biomass production of rice (Oryza sativa, var. Primavera) was assessed in pot tests. Rice seedlings were either grown in soil samples amended with faecal pellets of diplopods and isopods fed on leaf litter of a legume cover crop (Pueraria phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth) and a peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) or in soil amended with finely ground leaf litter. The addition of faecal pellets caused a significant and dose-related increase in plant biomass compared to pure soil. Ground leaf litter induced a significantly smaller positive effect on plant biomass development with Pueraria litter > Bactris litter > mixed primary forest litter. In contrast, soil microbial biomass development during the 4 weeks plant test was higher in the soil amended with ground litter as compared to soil amended with feacal pellets. The results show a clear positive effect of the soil fauna on soil fertility and indicate differences in the availability of nutrients from the organic substrates to higher plants and soil microorganisms.     

马鹿花籽实饲喂肉仔鸡的研究

 本研究以马鹿花(Pueraria wallichii DC.)籽实为对象,测定常规养分及氨基酸含量,用4～8周龄爱维因(Avian)商品肉鸡进行4个替代水平(0%,6%,12%,18%)的饲养与代谢试验。结果表明:饲喂马鹿花籽实4个替代水平各组鸡只增重差异不显着(P>0.05);鸡只健康状况正常。各试验组鸡只胸肌率均显着高于对照织(P<0.05)。经品味鉴定各试组肉的色、香、味、嫩度均优于对照组。饲喂18%马鹿花籽组表现突出。     

野葛叶片愈伤组织的诱导及其可溶性糖含量的变化

对野葛叶片愈伤组织的诱导及其可溶性糖的含量进行了研究.研究结果表明:6-BA 2mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L对叶片愈伤组织的诱导效果最好.愈伤组织诱导形成期间可溶性糖含量均呈现先降后升再降的趋势.     

氯化钙对野葛块根采后低温贮藏的影响

研究了氯化钙对野葛块根采后低温贮藏的影响.结果表明,采用2%氯化钙溶液处理野葛块根后,4 ℃低温可以降低相对电导率和丙二醛(MDA)含量,提高超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性.因此,氯化钙处理后再给予适宜的低温处理能使野葛块根保持较高的SOD活性,消除氧自由基,减轻膜脂过氧化作用,有利于采后的贮藏.