葛藤害虫紫茎甲调查研究初报

紫茎甲钻蛀为害葛藤藤蔓，经观察初步掌握了紫茎甲的为害情况，形态特征，生活习性，生活史及在江西分布情况。     

中国葛属种质资源及在园林绿化中的应用

在对我国葛属植物的种类和分布、生态环境和生物学特性进行详细介绍的基础上，就其在园林绿化中的作用、繁殖方法和栽培技术进行了系统的研究。     

Modelling species and spacing effects on root zone water dynamics using Hydrus-2D in an Amazonian agroforestry system

Modelling the root zone water dynamics in a tree crop agroforestry system is a useful approach to understanding small-scale effects in tree crop systems and may be helpful for optimizing tree spacing in agroforestry system planning. The agroforestry system in this study consists of the species Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd ex Spreng) Schum (Cupuaçu), Bactris gasipaes H.B.K. (peach palm) and the cover crop Pueraria phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth (Pueraria). The soiltype is an oxisol. Calibration was conducted for each of the three species separately. Calibration results show good conformity between simulated and measured data. Simulated scenarios examine the influence of different spacing between trees on root water uptake, evaporation and drainage. Mean interception and crop factors of the whole flow region vary with spacing or are held constant to examine below-ground effects only. Also a fictitious scenario of an older agroforestry system with deeper roots is calculated. In order to overcome restrictions of the computer program Hydrus-2D, correction factors in the root zone were introduced and a calculation scheme for root water uptake of a flow subregion was developped. Below-ground effects of spacing between trees are not or almost not present, but the depth of the tree roots has a significant influence on root water uptake, evaporation and drainage. When mean interception and crop factor vary, drainage increases and root water uptake decreases slightly with spacing. The modelling approach has been found promising for optimizing agroforestry systems although it can only be seen as a first beginning. In an agroforestry systems under drier conditions differences in results will probably be larger.     

贵州黄壤地区葛藤根际溶磷细菌溶磷、分泌IAA及其它特性研究

从葛藤(Pueraria lobata)根际分离出8株具有较强溶解无机磷能力的菌株,溶磷圈法测定菌株的HD/CD值(溶磷圈直径HD,菌落直径CD)在2.14～6.73,液体振荡培养下菌株对磷酸钙的溶解量在72.28～159.15mg/L,菌株培养液pH值较初始培养基的pH值7.0均下降。菌株GTR2和GTR15溶解磷酸钙(分别为159.15mg/L、138.72mg/L)及分泌IAA能力(分别为12.71mg/L、14.44mg/L)均较大,且均为碱性菌株,能在甘露醇等多种碳源上较好生长。综合各菌株的溶磷及分泌IAA能力,菌株GTR2和GTR15有望成为高效微生物磷肥接种剂的优良菌种。     

葛根对白灵侧耳发酵影响的初步观察--体外抗氧化及果蝇寿命实验

以白灵侧耳为出发菌株，以葛根作为发酵基质中的中草药添加物，观察了葛根对白灵侧耳液体发酵的影响。果蝇寿命实验及体外抗氧化实验表明，葛根发酵产物较纯药及普通发酵物有更强的果蝇寿命延缓能力及抗氧化活性。     

葛种质资源的研究及其开发利用

笔者归纳了葛的本草考证、成分及功效、种质资源的种类和分布、品种选育、栽培繁育及开发利用等方面的研究。根据产业发展现状,笔者认为葛根产业的健康发展,需依靠政府及科研部门重视、加强资源利用及新品种选育、建立葛根淀粉和葛根素同时提取工艺、加强葛根素药用价值及相关产品开发、建立葛相关标准、加强分子生物学等相关方面的研究,从而促进葛产业的健康化、系统化及规模化发展。     

中药苦葛资源开发与利用研究进展

苦葛为豆科葛属缠绕草本植物,资源十分丰富.该文对中药苦葛在医用和农用方面的开发与利用研究进展进行综述.结果表明,苦葛具有多种医用活性,而且对农业害虫植物病原菌和软体动物也有较强的抑制作用.虽然从中分离到了一些化合物,但这些化合物的具体生物活性尚不清楚,其作用机理也有待进一步研究.因此,医药研究开发专家和农药研究开发专家应联合起来,对苦葛进行深入研究,对苦葛资源进行综合开发利用,充分发挥苦葛的资源价值.     

固定化复合酵母发酵合水粉葛果酒工艺的优化

对固定化酵母生产合水粉葛(Pueraria thomsonii Benth)果酒的生产工艺进行了优化。以酒精度、感官评价、总黄酮含量为考察指标,研究初始糖度、二氧化硫添加量、固定化酵母添加量、发酵温度对合水粉葛果酒生产工艺的影响。结果表明,最佳工艺条件为初始糖度24%,二氧化硫添加量80 mg/L,固定化复合酵母以0.3%葡萄酒干酵母为主发酵菌种、配合0.04%生香干酵母和0.06%酿酒高活性干酵母,发酵温度28℃,发酵时间7 d。在此条件下,合水粉葛果酒的酒精度为13.3%,感官评分91分,总黄酮含量244.52 mg/L。     

新型葛根桑葚复合解酒饮料制备工艺研究

[目的]研究开发一种新型复合解酒保健饮品的制备工艺。[方法]以葛根、桑葚和蜂蜜为主要原料,利用正交试验确定葛根的超声提取条件和桑葚汁的酶法制备工艺参数,并从复合解酒饮料的风味、色泽、滋味和沉淀4个方面来构建模糊综合评判模型,获取复合解酒饮料的最佳配方。[结果]葛根汁的最佳提取条件为提取溶剂70%乙醇,提取温度50℃和超声时间20 min;桑葚汁最佳制取条件为果胶酶用量0.035%,p H 3.5,酶解温度50℃,超声时间20 min;葛根桑葚复合解酒饮料的最佳配方为复合原汁浓度35%(葛根∶桑葚∶蜂蜜为2∶2∶3)、白砂糖浓度10%、柠檬酸0.35%,按此比例调配所得的饮料酸甜可口,入口清爽,风味纯正,颜色红褐,香气浓郁,其理化指标和微生物指标均符合食用饮料的标准。[结论]研究可为生产开发解酒保健饮料提供参考。     

The influence of Pueraria mirifica herb containing phytoestrogens on the urinary gonadotropin and estradiol levels in aged menopausal monkeys

We investigated a non‐invasive method of specimen collection for determining the changes of reproductive hormones in aged menopausal monkeys after a long‐term feeding of the Thai herb Pueraria mirifica (PM) containing phytoestrogens. Three groups of aged menopausal monkeys (n = three in each group) were fed daily with 10, 100, or 1000 mg of PM for a 90 day treatment period, and fed with distilled water for 30 and 60 days of the pre‐ and post‐treatment periods, respectively. Urine samples were collected for 14 h daily every 5 days and assayed for follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and estradiol levels. The result showed that monkeys fed with PM 10, PM 100, and PM 1000 had a decrease in urinary FSH levels during the treatment period, followed by a rebound increase during the post‐treatment period. Urinary estradiol levels tended to decrease and fluctuated between 4.28 and 266.71, 2.85–42.27, and 6.24–203.50% of the pre‐treatment levels in those three groups, respectively. Decreases in urinary LH levels could not be observed in all the three groups. These results suggest that FSH could be a candidate marker to detect the estrogenic effects of phytoestrogens in aged menopausal monkeys when changes of urinary hormones need to be used as an indicator.