香草兰花芽分化期蛋白质及碳水化合物变化研究

以墨西哥香草兰花芽分化期花芽、混合花芽、叶芽及其功能叶为研究对象,研究香草兰花芽分化期蛋白质及碳水化合物变化及其差异,结果表明：香草兰叶芽蛋白质含量持续下降,花芽和混合花芽的蛋白质含量在花序分化初期上升至顶峰而后下降,说明香草兰花芽在花序分化前需要累积大量蛋白质。叶芽的可溶性糖、蔗糖含量均无显著变化,花芽和混合花芽均存在明显的上升和下降趋势;在整个花芽分化期,花芽可溶性糖和蔗糖含量均高于叶芽。叶芽的淀粉含量呈升高趋势,花芽和混合花芽的淀粉含量呈先上升后下降趋势。在整个花芽分化期过程中,花芽、混合花芽功能叶C/N比均高于叶芽功能叶,且花芽功能叶和叶芽功能叶间差异达显著水平。     

野生大豆回交导入系蛋白质含量性状的QTL分析

以野生型大豆ZYD00006（供体亲本）与黑龙江省主栽品种绥农14（轮回亲本）所构建的回交导入系（1204株）为研究材料,利用WinQTL2.5的复合区间作图法(CIM)在9个连锁群定位了16个与蛋白质含量相关的QTL（14个正效应,2个负效应）;导入系群体经过严格的蛋白质含量筛选鉴定,得到10个蛋白质含量性状明显大于轮回亲本的导入系株行。利用这10个高蛋白含量株行（选择群体）结合随机对照群体,通过基于遗传搭车原理的卡方分析,检测到分布于10个连锁群上的17个与大豆蛋白质含量相关的标记位点,对蛋白质含量表现为正效应。两种方法共同检测到7个QTL。这些材料和位点将为高蛋白含量相关基因克隆及分子辅助育种提供重要的材料基础和标记信息。     

Agronomic Practices Influence Maize Grain Quality

Abstract

Maize grain yields have increased dramatically over the past fifty years, and concurrently end-uses have proliferated requiring special quality characteristics. Plant breeders have developed many specialty types of maize, all of which are influenced by the agronomic practices used to produce the crop. Grain yield increases have resulted in lower protein concentration except when the yield increase resulted from nitrogen fertilizer application. Irrigation improves the biological value of protein, while higher nitrogen application rates alter the amino acid balance thereby reducing the nutritional value. Kernel breakage susceptibility and kernel density increase with higher nitrogen fertilizer application rates, and are reduced by irrigation. Extractable starch and oil concentration are largely influenced by hybrid choice, but small production practice effects have been documented. Essential mineral nutrient levels are often influenced by soil or foliar fertilizer application. The production of aflatoxin can be reduced by irrigation or other strategies to avoid water stress during grain fill. Although genetics usually exerts the largest effect on maize grain quality, agronomic practices are also important.     

Hypocholesterolemic effect of blue-green alga,ishikurage (Nostoc commune) in rats fed atherogenic diet

Nutritional quality of the castor meal protein isolate detoxified using boiling and lime cum heat treatments was evaluated in experiments with rats. Chemical scores of both the treated isolates were similar, threonine being the first limiting amino acid. The calculated nutritional indices (essential amino acid index) and PER were higher for the boiled isolate (1.3) than that was for lime-cum-heat treated (0.86). Though, necropsy examination of organs did not reveal any abnormalities, histopathological changes were observed in the organs — liver, kidney, intestine that could be attributed to the deficiency of essential amino acids in the detoxified castor protein isolates.     

不同干豆豆浆机制备豆浆的主要品质评价

以大豆为原料选用我国2个主导品牌的3款豆浆机(九阳精磨豆浆机、九阳无网干豆豆浆机、美的无网干豆豆浆机)制作豆浆,从蛋白质含量、蛋白质回收率、豆浆颗粒度及感官特性等方面对豆浆品质进行评价.结果表明:豆浆的蛋白含量为1.72%～2.66%,蛋白回收率为47.13%～68.66%,带有精磨器的豆浆机制备的豆浆蛋白含量及蛋白回...     

Grain Protein Content of Interspecific Progenies Derivedfrom the Cross of African Rice (Oryza glaberrima Steud.) and Asian Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Abstract

The protein contents of the grain of 50 interspecific progenies developed from the cross between WAB56-104, an Oryza sativa variety, and CG 14, an Oryza glaberrima line, were investigated. In contrast to the higher protein content of O. glaberrima than O. sativa on the average, the protein content of CG 14 was always lower than that of WAB56-104. However, judging from the average of three seasons, 72% of the interspecific progenies had a higher protein content than the mid-parent and 50% of them had a higher protein content than WAB56-104. Although the actual values of protein content of the interspecific progenies were significantly different among the seasons, a highly significant correlation was always observed in protein content between any two of the three seasons. Protein content therefore was considered character of each interspecific progeny though it was also affected by environment. A significant correlation was not observed between paddy yield and protein content in any season; several interspecific progenies showed higher protein content and paddy yield than the mid-parents. A low paddy yield is likely to be associated with high protein content through physiological regulation without a genetic linkage between the two traits. However, the results suggest that the transgressive segregation of protein content observed in the interspecific progenies is attributed not to this physiological regulation but to a certain mechanism to concentrate protein in grains with a genetic background.     

不同灌水处理对彩色小麦籽粒产量和品质的影响

为给彩色小麦高产优质栽培提供科学依据,以紫色小麦KZ6061(紫麦)和绿色小麦绿麦1号(绿麦)为材料,通过田间试验研究灌水对彩色小麦产量和品质的影响.结果表明,灌水处理对彩色小麦(紫麦和绿麦)的籽粒产量、千粒重、容重和籽粒蛋白质产量有显著影响,以B3灌水处理(春5叶、开花期和灌浆期灌水)最高,但与B2灌水处理(春5叶和开花期灌水)差异不显著.灌水处理对彩色小麦籽粒清蛋白、球蛋白和醇溶蛋白含量影响不显著,对总蛋白和谷蛋白影响较大.其中,以B1灌水处理[春2叶露尖(二棱初期)、春5叶露尖(雌雄蕊分化期)和开花期灌水]的总蛋白和谷蛋白含量最高.紫麦的干湿面筋含量和面筋指数在各处理间差异显著,绿麦的沉淀值和面筋指数在各处理间差异显著.从籽粒产量和蛋白质产量以及水分有效利用考虑,以B2处理最佳.     

The effect of bentonite concentration on the drug delivery efficacy of a pH-sensitive alginate/bentonite hydrogel

We produced a protein loaded, pH-sensitive alginate-bentonite hydrogel for wound dressings. Alginate is a nontoxic polysaccharide with favorable pH-sensitive properties that make it useful for the intestinal delivery of protein drugs. However, the use of alginate for drug delivery is limited by drug leaching and rapid dissolution of alginate at the higher pH, which may result in lower entrapment efficiency and a burst in the release of entrapped protein drugs. To overcome these problems, we created a novel cross-linked alginate-bentonite hydrogel by combining mineral-rich bentonite with the alginate matrix along with an additive to ensure controlled release. We analyzed the gel in the drug loading process in an aqueous environment by looking at the release profiles of a model protein drug (BSA) from the hydrogel at pH values of 4.5, 5.2 (skin area) and 7.4, 9.2 (wound area). The swelling ratio decreased with bentonite concentration, but did not fall below 6. The rate of drug release was slowest at a pH value of 4.5 and fastest at a pH value of 9.2. The rate of drug release decreased with bentonite concentration. The presence of bentonite prevents the rapid dissolution of alginate at the higher pH, ensuring the controlled release of the entrapped drug.     

香蕉ROP1基因酵母双杂交体系的诱饵载体构建及毒性与自激活效应检测

用PCR技术获得香蕉ROP1基因片段,构建酵母双杂交系统表达载体pGBKT7-ROP1,测序正确后将重组质粒导入AH109酵母菌株,检测其表达产物对酵母细胞有无毒性作用及对报告基因有无激活作用.结果表明,用PCR技术获得了正确的ROP1基因片段,并正确构建了ROP1基因的酵母双杂交表达载体,并转化到AH109酵母菌株中,含诱饵载体的AH109在SD/-Trp营养缺陷平板上生长良好,说明表达产物对酵母细胞无毒性,含诱饵载体的AH109在His、Trp二重营养缺陷平板上不能生长,说明对报告基因无自激活作用,为下一步利用酵母双杂交系统筛选与ROP1蛋白相互作用的蛋白奠定基础.     

耐低钾基因型水稻成熟期籽粒淀粉与蛋白质含量变化

以2个耐低钾基因型水稻N18,N19和1个低钾敏感型水稻N27为材料,在缺钾条件下,分析耐低钾基因型水稻籽粒在成熟期淀粉含量、蛋白质含量的变化。结果表明：在不施钾肥即缺钾条件下,耐低钾基因型水稻籽粒中总淀粉含量较低钾敏感型的略有增加,且直链淀粉含量占总淀粉含量的比例低于钾敏感型;耐低钾基因型水稻籽粒中可溶性蛋白质含量也较低钾敏感型的高,但是钾元素的含量差异并不明显。