Experimental study on how brain-dead state affects the heart structure and function of Ba-Ma mini pigs and the mechanism

AIM:To investigate how brain-dead state affects the heart structure and function and the effect of PKC-α in BA-Ma mini pigs.METHODS:Ten Ba-Ma mini pigs were randomized into 2 groups: brain-dead group (n=5),and control group (n=5). The brain-dead model was made by increasing intracranial pressure,while the control group was maintained anesthesia for 24 h. The concentrations of cTnT,TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 in serum were determined at 6,12 and 24 h after brain death. At 24 h,heart tissues were observed by HE staining and electron microscope. The expression of PKC-α was detected by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR.RESULTS:(1) Histological changes of myocardium: flaky bleeding under endocardium and dissolution of myocardium were found in optical microscope. In electron microscope dropsical mitochondria and confluent muscle fiber were found. (2) Changes of serum cTnT: serum cTnT for brain-dead group began to increase gradually since 6 h,and were significantly higher at each time point than those in control group (P<0.05). (3) Changes of inflammatory factors: IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-α in brain-dead group began to increase gradually since 6 h,and were significantly higher at each time point than those in control group (P<0.05). (4) Changes of PKC-α expression: PKC-α mRNA and protein expressions in brain-dead group increased significantly at 24 h (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Brain death may evoke heart structure and functional injury,and increase the levels of inflammatory factors and PKC-α. The activation of PKC-α may participate in the process of heart injury.     

Effect of preoperative transarterial chemoembolization on nephroblastoma

AIM: To explore the effect and mechanism of preoperative transarterial chemoembolization on nephroblastoma.METHODS: Comparative analysis of clinical and pathological features in 39 children with Wilms’ tumor was conducted.TUNEL assay was used to detect the apoptosis of tumor in two groups with or without preoperative interventional treatment.The expressions of P53,Bcl-2 and Bax proteins were detected by immunochemical methods.The patients were followed-up for more than 2 years.RESULTS: The extent of neoplastic cell necrosis and degeneration,interstital fiber tissue hyperplasia of tumor and the number of infiltrating lymphocytes were observed,which were higher in interventional group than those in simple excision group (P<0.01).The median of mitotic index in tumor cells was 0.2 in interventional group,and 1.4 in simple excision group.The median of apoptotic index (AI) of the tumor cells was 25.9 in study group and 12.8 in control group (Uc=54.50,P<0.01),(Uc=117.00,P<0.05).The comparison between the means obtained in two groups revealed statistical difference (P<0.05).The expressions of P53 and Bcl-2 proteins were not correlated with apoptotic index,but the rate of expression of Bax protein (80.0%) in interventional group was higher than that (40.0%) in simple excision group.The two year event-free rate was 73.3％ (11/15) in study group and 42.9％ (6/14) in control group.CONCLUSION: Transarterial chemoembolization on nephroblastoma is effectively used to kill and inhibit tumor cell growth,as well as induce tumor cell apoptosis by Bax protein.     

Effect of rhEGF activating extracellular signal-regulated kinase on the expression of Bcl-2 and p53 protein in human amniotic cells

AIM: To explore the effect of recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) on the ERK1/2 pathway and its safety in use when the proliferation of cultured FL cells (human amnion epithelial cells) were promoted by rhEGF.METHODS: FL cells were stimulated by rhEGF at various concentrations.The proliferation rate of FL cells was evaluated by MTT assay.Western blotting was used to detect phosphorylation of ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2) and the change of Bcl-2 and P53 protein.RESULTS: The proliferation rate FL cells reached the maximum when the concentration of rhEGF was 10 μg/L (42.4％，P<0.01).Western blotting showed that the activity of p-ERK1/2 increased significantly when rhEGF ranged in 10 μg/L to 60 μg/L.Level of Bcl-2 was unchanged in each groups.Level of P53 decreased significantly when the concentration of rhEGF was 60 μg/L.CONCLUSION: It is safe when rhEGF presents in optimization concentration of 10 μg/L.The capability of apoptosis may be depressed when rhEGF is in larger dose.     

Cardiomyocyte apoptosis and expression of Bcl-2, Bax protein after acute myocardial infarction and late reperfusion in dogs

AIM: To study the effect of late reperfusion on apoptotic cardiomyocytes in the risk area of acute myocardial infarctin in dogs. METHODS: The experiment was divided into three groups: sham operation group, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) group, and late reperfusion (LR) group. Apart from sham operation group, the other two groups were subjected to left anterior descending branch of coronary artery ligation. The acute myocardial infarction group was only subjected to ligation for 12 hours, late reperfusion group was subjected to ligation for 6 hours following by 6 hours of reperfusion. The cardiomyocyte apoptosis was measured by TUNEL assay. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting analysis were used to detect the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax protein. RESULTS: The number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes in late reperfusion group was much less than acute myocardial infarction group (P<0.05), and increased significantily as compared with sham operation group (P<0.01). The expression of Bcl-2 protein was enhanced gently in late reperfusion group in contrast to acute myocardial infarction group, but no significant difference in the two groups (P>0.05) was observed, although it was much more in the two groups than that in sham operation group (P<0.01). The expression of Bax protein in late reperfusion group was much higher than that in sham operation group (P<0.01), and was lower than that in acute myocardial infarction group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Late reperfusion reduces cardiomyocyte apoptosis in the risk area of acute myocardial infarction. The mechanism may be that late reperfusion can decrease the expression of Bax protein.     

唐菖蒲不同品种生理特性及栽培适应性的研究

１９９３～１９９７年研究表明,在贵阳地区,适应性较强的唐菖蒲浅色花品种的休眠球茎、发芽种球、幼苗期球茎及幼苗根的超氧化物歧化酶活性高于适应性较弱的深色花品种,而深色花品种的开花期母球、新球、新根、茎、叶、花药的蛋白质含量以及上部叶片的光饱和点、净光合速率、光呼吸速率、暗呼吸速率高于浅色花品种,花瓣的蛋白质含量低于浅色花品种。由此推测,唐菖蒲不同品种的栽培适应性差异与以上生理生化性状差异有关。     

Increasing diet viscosity using carboxymethylcellulose in weaned piglets stimulates protein digestibility

Ileal indigestible protein may be an important factor for the occurrence of post weaning diarrhoea in piglets. Depending on the quantity of indigested protein, an imbalance in the microbial community can occur, resulting in an overgrowth of pathogens. Diet viscosity may influence nutrient digestibility and substrate availability for microbial growth. Therefore, we examined the effect of dietary viscosity in piglet nutrition. Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) was added as a model substance in order to increase diet viscosity. The effect of 1% supplemented CMC on nutrient digestibility, morphological and physiological parameters was measured in piglets 3 weeks post weaning at 26 days of age. The main effects of inclusion of CMC were:

– A 10% slower gastric emptying rate (P = 0.18).

– An increased protein hydrolysis in the gastric fraction, measured as increased nitrogen concentration in the liquid phase of gastric contents (26% in control vs. 34% in experimental group; P = 0.13).

– An increased production of the protein hydrolysing enzyme amino-peptidase from 359 U/g protein for the control diet to 516 U/g protein for the experimental diet (P < 0.01).

– A numerical increase in apparent ileal protein digestibility by 6% from 75.2% to 79.5% (P = 0.22) and a significant increase in faecal protein digestibility by 5% (P = 0.044).

These results indicate that an optimized diet viscosity might be one factor exerting a beneficial influence on protein digestibility. We hypothesize that the effect of diet viscosity on gastric emptying rate is the major factor.     

冀豆12遗传背景导入系蛋白、脂肪含量分布特征

以高蛋白品种冀豆12为受体亲本,不同来源、不同蛋白脂肪含量的大豆种质资源为供体亲本,构建了28个组合BC2F1后代群体,分析冀豆12遗传背景导入系后代蛋白、脂肪含量分布特征。结果表明,28个后代群体均有蛋白含量超高亲个体,超高亲个体比例介于4.0%～68.2%之间,超高亲比例≥40%的组合有18个,占64.3%,BC2F1后代群体蛋白含量以超高亲和偏高亲类型组合为主。而脂肪含量分布特征恰相反,BC2F1后代群体脂肪含量以超低亲和偏低亲类型组合为主,超高亲个体比例介于0～67.4%,超高亲个体比例≥40%的组合有7个,占25.0%,9个组合无超高亲后代。表明以冀豆12为遗传背景通过有限回交易选育高蛋白含量品种,而不易选育高脂肪含量品种。本研究结果为利用冀豆12培育高蛋白品种提供了依据。     

PRSV NIa-pro、NIa-vpg、NIb酵母双杂交诱饵表达载体的构建及自激活检测

用PCR技术获得NIa-pro、NIa-vpg、NIb基因片段,将这些基因分别克隆到pBD-GAL4载体中,构建酵母双杂交系统的诱饵载体pBD-GAL4-NIa-pro、pBD-GAL4-NIa-vpg和pBD-GAL4-NIb.测序正确后,将重组质粒导入YRG-2酵母菌株,检测其表达产物对酵母细胞有无毒性及对报告基因有无激活作用.结果表明,获得了正确的NIa-pro、NIa-vpg、NIb基因片段,并成功克隆到pBD-GAL4诱饵载体中,且转化有诱饵载体的YRG-2在SD/-Trp营养缺陷平板上生长良好,说明表达产物对酵母细胞无毒性,对报告基因也无自激活作用,为下一步利用酵母双杂交系统检测与NIa-pro、NIa-vpg、NIb蛋白相互作用的蛋白奠定基础.     

Proteins in Norway spruce thermomechanical pulp

Two methods of cytochemical staining using Coomassie dye and Cu⁺-bicinchoninic acid, respectively, showed that there are proteins in thermomechanical pulp (TMP) of Norway spruce. Protein isolated from TMP was analyzed for amino acid composition. There was about twice the amount of acidic amino acid material compared with basic amino acids, and the presence of glucosamine indicated that the isolated polypeptides also contained glycoproteins. The presence of proteins in ray cells and fiber tracheids in TMP adds to the chemical heterogeneity of the structurally complex high-yield pulp.     

干旱胁迫对白桦实生幼苗叶片蛋白质的影响

The studies on leave protein of Betula platyphylla seedlings by the methods of SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and dimensional gel electrophoresis was concerned. The result indicated that some new proteins such as 29kD pI4.3, 29kD pI4.2, 14kD pI5.3 and 11.5kD pI5.16 protein point were induced by soil drought stress, and some protein disappeared,for instance four protein between 12.4 - 11.5kD pI5.8 - 6.44 in seedlings leaves of B. platyphylla during soil drought stress.