Soil compaction and poultry litter effects on factors affecting nitrogen availability in a claypan soil

Soil compaction may affect N mineralization and the subsequent fate of N in agroecosystems. Laboratory incubation and field experiments were conducted to determine the effects of surface soil compaction on soil N mineralization in a claypan soil amended with poultry litter (i.e., Turkey excrement mixed with pine shavings as bedding). In a laboratory study, soil from the surface horizon of a Mexico silt loam soil was compacted to four bulk density levels (1.2, 1.4, 1.6 and 1.8 Mg m⁻³) with and without poultry litter and incubated at 25 °C for 42 days. A field trial planted to corn (Zea mays L.) was also conducted in 2002 on a Mexico silt loam claypan soil in North Central Missouri. Soil was amended with litter (0 and 19 Mg ha⁻¹) and left uncompacted or uniformly compacted. Soil compaction decreased soil inorganic N by a maximum of 1.8 times in the laboratory study; this effect was also observed at all depths of the field trial. Compacted soil with a litter amendment accumulated NH₄⁺-N up to 7.2 times higher than the noncompacted, litter-amended soil until Day 28 of the laboratory incubation and in the beginning of the growing season of the field study. Ammonium accumulation may have been due to decreased soil aeration under compacted conditions. Application of litter increased soil N mineralization throughout the growing season. In the laboratory study, soil inorganic N in unamended soil was negatively correlated with soil bulk density and the proportion of soil micropores, but was positively related with soil total porosity and the proportion of soil macropores. These results indicate that soil compaction, litter application and climate are interrelated in their influences on soil N mineralization in agroecosystems.     

黄秋葵作为禽用着色剂的品种比较试验

通过14个作为禽用着色剂的黄秋葵品系比较试验,分析其种子发芽率、产量（叶片、茎杆、种子）、营养成分（叶片、茎杆）。结果表明：14个品系的种子发芽率差异极显著,其中021和007-1发芽率最高,达到92.5%;叶片和茎杆平均干物质产量差异均亦极显著,004-2叶片干物质产量最高,达到4948kg/hm2,018茎秆干物质产量最高,达到7103.4kg/hm2;008的营养价值最高;种子产量007-1最高,公顷产量大于3000kg。综合评价,018品系作为禽用着色剂较适合推广种植。     

信阳市家禽养殖污染调查及防治措施

通过对信阳市具有代表性的家禽养殖业进行现状监测调查,提出参考治理方案与措施建议。     

黄秋葵作为禽用着色剂的品种比较试验

通过14个作为禽用着色剂的黄秋葵品系比较试验,分析其种子发芽率、产量(叶片、茎杆、种子)、营养成分(叶片、茎杆)。结果表明:14个品系的种子发芽率差异极显著,其中021和007-1发芽率最高,达到92.5%;叶片和茎杆平均干物质产量差异均亦极显著,004-2叶片干物质产量最高,达到4948kg/hm2,018茎秆干物质产量最高,达到7103.4kg/hm2;008的营养价值最高;种子产量007-1最高,公顷产量大于3000kg。综合评价,018品系作为禽用着色剂较适合推广种植。     

抗鸡法氏囊和新城疫高免血浆的研制及疗效观察

利用欲淘汰的蛋鸡制备抗鸡传染性法氏囊病和鸡新城疫病的高免血浆,对该病的治疗具有疗效确切,作用迅速,无副作用等优点,为治疗法氏囊病和新城疫病开辟了新途径.     

日全食家禽动物行为观察

对日全食时家禽动物行为进行观察,为家禽养殖及其动物行为学提供基础资料。观察日全食时放养鸡、鹅、番鸭、骡鸭及水鸭等家禽的动物行为学变化。结果:日全食时,家禽敏感程度为,鸡最敏感,番鸭次之,鹅第三,骡鸭和水鸭最不敏感。     

云南家禽十项生理常值的测定

 我们进行了云南武定鸡、火鸡、云南鸭、番鸭(瘤头鸭)、云南鸽和鹌鹑等七种家禽的体温、心率、呼吸频率、红细胞沉降速度(血沉)、血红蛋白、红细胞计数、白细胞计数、嗜酸性白细胞计数、血小板计数、白细胞分类计数等十项生理常值的测定。结果表明:云南武定鸡的呼吸频率(28.84次/min)和血红蛋白(102.4g/L)比广东三黄鸡的(19.4次/min)和(74.09g/L)快(高):火鸡的血红蛋白(136.6g/L)比文献报道的值(88～134g/L)高;云南鹅的心率(109.47次/min)和白细胞分类计数中的假嗜酸性白细胞(异嗜性粒细胞)的比例(36.23%)比文献报道的值(300次/min)和(50%)低:云南鸭的心率(102.34次/min)呼吸频率(19.59次/min)和血红蛋白(110.3g/L)比文献报道的值(178次/min)、(42次/min)和(127g/L)低,云南鸽的呼吸频率(56.64次/min)比文献报道的值(30次/min)高,而白细胞数(38.9×10⁹/L)比文献报道的值(13.0×10⁹/L)高。     

中国地方畜禽品种资源调查与研究现状

中国是世界上畜禽遗传资源最丰富的国家之一。地方畜禽品种资源是生物多样性的重要组成部分,其多样性的保护、开发利用直接关系到畜牧业的可持续发展。目前,我国地方畜禽资源总体下降趋势仍未得到有效遏制,几十个地方品种处于濒危状态,传统的地方畜禽品种资源形势严峻。本文通过梳理我国地方畜禽品种资源现状、变更原因、保护与利用建议等研究进展,旨在为有关部门正确认识和合理保护利用地方畜禽品种资源提供借鉴和参考。     

家禽饲料添加剂的应用和安全性评价

近年来国内外发生的一些因饲料而引起的中毒事件,如德国发生的"二噁英"饲料污染事件、"多宝鱼"事件以及今年3月15日爆出的"瘦肉精"事件等,使人们对饲料和饲料添加剂的安全性问题更加重视。本文综述了家禽常用饲料添加剂的种类和饲料添加剂对靶动物、实验动物和环境的安全性评价。     

Effect of fish-meal replacement with poultry by-product meal on the growth, tissue composition and hematological parameters of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) fed diets containing different lipids

We conducted a 12-week feeding trial with largemouth bass (LMB) to examine the interactive effects of non-fish dietary proteins with different lipid sources on the performance of LMB (3.4 g ± 0.05 g). Practical diets contained poultry by-product meal (PBM) in place of fish meal on a digestible-protein basis, and 12% blood meal (BM). Diets were supplemented with 10% lipid as canola (CAN), chicken (CHK), CHK + MFO (50 : 50), menhaden fish oil (MFO) or CHK + CAN (50:50). A commercial trout diet (SC) was included as a positive control. Growth, survival, feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), body composition, fatty acid composition of liver and muscle, hematological parameters and lysozyme and alternative complement activity (ACH50) were measured to assess diet effects. Weight gain (23.8 ± 1.8 g), survival (92 ± 4%), FI (44.3 ± 4.1 g), FCR (2.1 ± 0.1) and PER (1.3 ± 0.04) of LMB did not differ among the replacement diets. However, weight gain (38.5 ± 1.5), FI (53.9 ± 1.1), and PER (1.6 ± 0.1) of LMB fed the SC diet was higher and FCR (1.4 ± 0.1) was lower than that of fish fed the test diets. No signs of essential fatty acid deficiency were observed, although tissue concentrations of n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids declined markedly in LMB fed diets without fish oil. Lymphocytes were elevated in fish fed diets with ≥ 7% n-3 fatty acids. Fish fed diets with 10% MFO or CHK + MFO had higher ACH50 than fish fed the diet with 10% CHK. There were no differences in serum lysozyme activity among fish fed the test diets. Hematocrit, hemoglobin, ACH50, and lysozyme activity were higher in fish fed the SC diet than in those fed the test diets. Regardless of lipid source, the ACH50 and lysozyme activity were greatly reduced in LMB fed PBM diets compared to LMB fed diets with 30% fish meal in a previous trial. The amino acid composition of the PBM was similar to that of fish meal. However, the availability of some essential amino acids from PBM to LMB may have been limited, and poor diet palatability caused by BM also may have reduced feed intake and performance of LMB.