Poultry abattoir survey of carcass condemnations in Fars province, southern Iran

Official post-mortem inspection records of poultry in 11 industrial poultry abattoirs in the Fars province, southern Iran, between 20 March 2002 and 19 March 2006 were used to investigate the character and prevalence of poultry loss caused by disease and pathological changes in the province. Linear regression analysis for study of time trend and χ²-test for investigation of seasonal pattern were used as statistical methods. In the study period, 130,967,021 birds were slaughtered. As a result of official veterinary inspection, 959,416 (0.73%) birds were condemned. The condemnation risk was calculated for each quarter in a year. Cachexia and septicemia were the most common reasons for rejection of carcasses and were responsible for 62% of the total condemnations. The condemnation risk due to septicemia increased over the study period from 0.14 to 0.22%. The rejection risk due to overscalding declined over the study period from 0.07 to 0.01%. No trends in time were observed for the other causes of condemnation. In conclusion the majority of condemnations are caused by disease and improving the standard of disease prevention and control on farms is necessary. These results could form the basis of an assessment of trends in condemnations in poultry slaughterhouse and should prove useful to the poultry industry as a baseline data for future comparison.     

厦门市规模禽场新城疫群流行率横断面研究估计

[目的]估计厦门市规模禽场新城疫病原学流行率。[方法]采用横断面研究在厦门市允许禽类养殖的4个区,共计450个规模禽场开展了新城疫病原学的流行病学调查。通过概率抽样,随机抽取129个禽场,共采集了5160份咽喉-泄殖腔拭子,采用荧光RT-PCR 方法检测新城疫病毒。[结果]厦门市规模禽场新城疫病原学群流行率为0.8%（95% CI 0.0-2.1）,规模鸡群、鸭群和鹅群的病原学流行率分别为1.9%（95% CI 0.0-4.4）、0%和0%。[结论]这个调查结果表明目前厦门市规模禽场的新城疫已经达到国家中长期防治规划中达到控制标准的要求。     

家禽动眼神经副交感核和Cajal中介核至脊髓的直接投射——HRP法研究

采用微电泳导入法和微量注射法,将HRP分别引入脊髓的颈中部、颈膨大部和腰膨大部,逆行追踪了北京鸭、麻鸭、鹅、鸡、鸽子和鹌鹑6种家禽的上位神经元。结果发现：大量标记细胞不仅分布于中脑对侧红核,还分布于双侧的动眼神经副交感核（EW核）,Cajal中介核和中央灰质,少量标记细胞分布于中脑网状结构和中缝核。标记细胞分布数量的规律是：颈中部引入HRP后,出现的标记细胞最多;颈膨大部引入HRP者次之;腰膨大部引入HRP后,出现的标记细胞最少。两种方法的实验结果没有明显的差异。6种动物之间的差异也不显著。各组实验中,在中脑的顶盖没有任何部位出现标记细胞。研究结果表明：家禽的中脑脊髓通路中,除了具有红核脊髓束、网状脊髓束和中缝脊髓束外,还存在着EW核至脊髓的直接传导通路和Cajal中介核至脊髓的直接传导通路。     

High dietary incorporation levels of rendered animal protein ingredients on performance of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1972)

Two growth trials were conducted using spray-dried blood meal (BM), feather meal (FEM), meat and bone meal (MBM) and poultry by-product meal (PBM) as major protein sources in the diet of rainbow trout. In the first trial, five diets were formulated to examine the nutritive value of spray-dried BM and PBM. Increasing levels of BM (6, 12%) or PBM (10, 20, and 30%) replaced fish meal and corn gluten meal in the diet. For the second trial, eight diets were formulated to contain the following combinations: FEM + MBM, FEM + PBM or MBM + PBM. The diets containing FEM + MBM and FEM + PBM were supplemented with either L-lysine or DL-methionine, the amino acids predicted to be the two most limiting in these diets. Each experimental diet was allocated to three tanks of fish and fed for 20 weeks in the first trial or 16 weeks in the second trial. All the experimental diets were readily consumed by the fish and high growth and good feed efficiency ratio (FER) were achieved for all diets. In the first trial, there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in weight gain or FER of fish fed the five experimental diets, suggesting that BM and PBM had high nutritive values for rainbow trout. In the second trial, growth of the fish fed the diet containing the FEM + PBM combination was not statistically different from growth of fish fed the control diet. Growth of fish fed diets with FEM + MBM or PBM + MBM combinations were slightly lower than that of fish fed the control diet. Supplementation of diets with either L-lysine or DL-methionine had no effect on the performance of the fish. The results from this study show that feather meal, poultry by-product meal, blood meal and meat and bone meal have good potential for use in rainbow trout diets at high levels of incorporation.     

黄秋葵作为禽用着色剂的品种比较试验

通过14个作为禽用着色剂的黄秋葵品系比较试验,分析其种子发芽率、产量（叶片、茎杆、种子）、营养成分（叶片、茎杆）。结果表明：14个品系的种子发芽率差异极显著,其中021和007-1发芽率最高,达到92.5%;叶片和茎杆平均干物质产量差异均亦极显著,004-2叶片干物质产量最高,达到4948kg/hm2,018茎秆干物质产量最高,达到7103.4kg/hm2;008的营养价值最高;种子产量007-1最高,公顷产量大于3000kg。综合评价,018品系作为禽用着色剂较适合推广种植。     

华南地区家禽家畜史研究述评

近年来,学术界对华南地区禽畜驯化和养殖的研究越来越多。粗略统计,发表论文约70余篇,在养牛、养猪、养鸡、养鸭及其他家养动物方面均取得一些成果.但总的来说,过去的研究还比较碎散,尚还有不少空白点,这给学术界留下了较大的空间.     

子带特征参数在家禽应激发声识别中的应

基于子带梅尔频谱质心的优化特征参数(SMSC),研究了35日龄海兰褐蛋鸡在正常状态、光照与人为干扰等应激下发声信息的变化特征,并通过建立支持向量机模型(SVM),比较了采用优化特征参数与梅尔频标倒谱系数及其一阶、二阶导数组成的特征参数(MFCC-39)在识别不同应激中的应用效果.试验结果表明,采用加入梅尔频谱质心修正的特征参数,在分类正确识别率方面平均提高了24%.     

Effect of saline water irrigation and manure application on the available water content, soil salinity, and growth of wheat

Good water management combined with appropriate soil management is necessary for sustainable crop production in drylands. A pot culture experiment was conducted using sand dune soil under greenhouse conditions to evaluate the response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to the application of farmyard manure (FYM) or poultry manure (PM), and irrigation with water at two salinity levels (0.11 and 2.0 dS m⁻¹) and two irrigation intervals (daily and every second day). The manure was applied at a rate of 20 Mg ha⁻¹. The soil water content, measured 1 h before every irrigation, showed that soil treated with PM retained more water than that treated with FYM, while the control (no manure) contained the least water. FYM treatment resulted in 78 and 21% higher dry matter yield compared to the control and PM treatments, respectively, under daily irrigation using good-quality water. The increase was 29 and 55%, respectively, when saline water was used for daily irrigation. A similar trend was observed with the alternate day irrigation treatment; FYM gave the highest dry matter yield. The number of tillers and plant height showed that FYM was better than PM, which in turn was better than the control under irrigation with good-quality water regardless of the irrigation interval. When water of the highest salinity was used for irrigation, FYM was still always the best, but the control was now better than the PM treatment. The electrical conductivity of the soil measured at the end of the experiment was slightly higher with PM, as compared to the FYM and control treatments. A significant interaction between irrigation water quality and manure application was observed, affecting plant growth. PM aggravated the adverse affect of saline water on plant growth by increasing soil salinity.