营养对家禽生殖调控研究进展

营养对家禽生殖具有重要的调节作用。禽类的营养不仅影响其性成熟日龄、卵泡数量和产蛋性能,而且影响生殖轴激素的分泌,进而调节生殖性能。从营养对家禽卵巢卵泡发育的影响和生殖机能调控等方面进行了综述。     

山西省鸡致病性大肠杆菌耐药性研究

采用纸片扩散法,对山西省11个地区的138株鸡致病性大肠杆菌用26种抗菌药物进行敏感性测定,结果,138株鸡致病性大肠杆菌对卡那霉素、阿米卡星、磷霉素、头孢唑林、头孢噻肟、头孢曲松等的高敏率为62.3%~83.3%;对氧氟沙星、庆大霉素、多黏菌素B、氟苯尼考的中敏率为50%以上;对26种抗菌药物均产生不同程度的耐药性,如恩诺沙星耐药率为81.2%,多西环素为83.3%,氨苄青霉素为85.5%,阿莫西林为87.0%,罗红霉素为89.1%,复方磺胺为99.2%,利福平为100%。所以,临床首选高敏的药物,慎重使用中敏药物,尽量不用恩诺沙星等高耐药性的药物。     

信阳市家禽养殖污染调查及防治措施

通过对信阳市具有代表性的家禽养殖业进行现状监测调查,提出参考治理方案与措施建议。     

Aflatoxicosis chemoprevention by probiotic Lactobacillius and lack of effect on the major histocompatibility complex

Turkeys are extremely sensitive to aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) which causes decreased growth, immunosuppression and liver necrosis. The purpose of this study was to determine whether probiotic Lactobacillus, shown to be protective in animal and clinical studies, would likewise confer protection in turkeys, which were treated for 11 days with either AFB₁ (AFB; 1 ppm in diet), probiotic (PB; 1 × 10¹¹ CFU/ml; oral, daily), probiotic + AFB₁ (PBAFB), or PBS control (CNTL). The AFB₁ induced drop in body and liver weights were restored to normal in CNTL and PBAFB groups. Hepatotoxicity markers were not significantly reduced by probiotic treatment. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes BG1 and BG4, which are differentially expressed in liver and spleens, were not significantly affected by treatments. These data indicate modest protection, but the relatively high dietary AFB₁ treatment, and the extreme sensitivity of this species may reveal limits of probiotic-based protection strategies.     

家禽单核苷酸多态性研究与应用新进展

单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphisms,SNPs)是许多生物体基因组中最普遍存在的遗传变异形式,作为新一代的分子标记具有密度高、双等位基因、易实现自动化检测等特点,已广泛应用于家禽遗传育种学的研究中.本文综述了近年来有关家禽SNP发掘、基因分型技术、多态性特征以及在遗传育种中应用的新进展,并展望了其在家禽研究中应用的前景.     

Chemical composition and some anti-nutrient content of raw and processed bitter vetch (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Vicia ervilia</Emphasis>) seed for use as feeding stuff in poultry diet

An experiment was conducted to determine chemical composition of raw and treated bitter vetch seed for use in poultry diets. Processing methods were: soaked in water for 12 h, then autoclaved and dried (SA); coarsely ground, soaked in water for 24 h, autoclaved and dried (GSA); coarsely ground, soaked in water for 47 h with exchange of water every 12 h, cooked and dried (GSC); coarsely ground, soaked in solution of 1% acetic acid for 24 h at 60°C and dried (GAA). Raw bitter vetch seed was contained 94.52, 26.56, 0.4, 58.86, 3.38, 5.32, 12.28 and 14.20 percent DM, CP, EE, NFE, Ash, CF, ADF and NDF, respectively. Its GE, AME, AMEn, TME and TMEn values were 18.10, 13.15, 14.38, 14.10 and 14.69 MJ/kg, respectively. Results indicated that bitter vetch is a good source of Fe (340 ppm) and Cu (46.7 ppm). It s amino acid profile was suitable and methionine was the first limiting amino acid when compared with broiler and layer chicks requirements. Its canavanine and tannin content were 0.78 and 6.7 mg/kgDM, respectively. Processing methods improved CP and in some cases AMEn. All processing methods especially GSC resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in canavanine and tannin.     

Chemical and nutritional properties of soybean carbohydrates as related to nonruminants: A review

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merril] carbohydrates make up approximately 35% of soybean (SB) seed and 40% of soybean meal (SBM) dry matter (DM). Approximately half of these carbohydrates are nonstructural in nature, including low molecular weight sugars, oligosaccharides, and small amounts of starch, while the other half are structural polysaccharides, including a large amount of pectic polysaccharides. The small amounts of free galactose, glucose, fructose, and sucrose make up the low molecular weight sugars. Galacto-oligosaccharides (raffinose, stachyose, and verbascose) comprise approximately 5% of the SB DM, while starch represents less than 1%. The structural carbohydrates can be divided into cotyledon meal and hull polysaccharides. The primary cotyledon meal polysaccharides are arabinogalactan and an acidic polysaccharide that is similar to pectin, whereas the hull contains pectin, hemicelluloses, and cellulose. A portion of SBM carbohydrates are digested and another portion fermented in the animal's gastrointestinal tract. The low molecular weight sugars and starch are essentially 100% digestible by nonruminants, while the oligosaccharides are not digested by gastrointestinal enzymes, but are fermented by bacterial populations in the ileum and colon of pigs. This fermentation may result in both positive and negative effects. The nutritional significance of the structural SB carbohydrates in nonruminant animal diets remains virtually unknown. Many factors affect the nutritional value of SB carbohydrates, including cultivar and genotype, processing, and addition of exogenous enzymes. A better understanding of the nutritive contribution of SB carbohydrates is necessary as regards their impact on animal nutrition broadly defined.     

河北省禽肉产业国内竞争力实证分析

从产品结构竞争力、区域竞争力、产品出口竞争力3个方面对河北省禽肉业在国内的竞争力进行实证测定评价,指出了河北省在全国禽肉产业中所占据的重要位置,提出了提高河北省禽肉产业竞争力的对策。     

黄秋葵作为禽用着色剂的品种比较试验

通过14个作为禽用着色剂的黄秋葵品系比较试验,分析其种子发芽率、产量(叶片、茎杆、种子)、营养成分(叶片、茎杆)。结果表明:14个品系的种子发芽率差异极显著,其中021和007-1发芽率最高,达到92.5%;叶片和茎杆平均干物质产量差异均亦极显著,004-2叶片干物质产量最高,达到4948kg/hm2,018茎秆干物质产量最高,达到7103.4kg/hm2;008的营养价值最高;种子产量007-1最高,公顷产量大于3000kg。综合评价,018品系作为禽用着色剂较适合推广种植。