Salmonella Infantis and Salmonella Enteritidis specific bacteriophages isolated form poultry faeces as a complementary tool for cleaning and disinfection against Salmonella

Salmonellosis represents an important public health concern. Several authors point out the inefficiency of the cleaning and disinfection protocols to remove the bacteria from the field. For this reason, innovative techniques, as bacteriophages, could be implemented to control the bacteria. The main objectives of this study were to assess the effect of bacteriophages against Salmonella Infantis and Salmonella Enteritidis on farm surfaces, and to evaluate bacteriophage procedure application as sanitiser against Salmonella in field conditions. Thus, most prevalent serovars in poultry production were selected (Salmonella Infantis and Salmonella Enteritidis) to contaminate farm facilities. Then, two specific bacteriophages isolated from poultry faeces were applied against them. Results showed Salmonella Infantis and Salmonella Enteritidis decreased of 4.55 log₁₀CFU/mL and 3.85 log₁₀CFU/mL, respectively; the maximum reduction in Salmonella was the 5^th day, after 10⁸ PFU/mL and 10³ PFU/mL bacteriophage application. These results highlight bacteriophages as a promising tool together with cleaning and disinfection.     

Nitrogen mineralization in a pecan (Carya illinoensis K. Koch)–cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) alley cropping system in the southern United States

Information on temporal and spatial patterns of N mineralization is critical in designing tree-crop mixed systems that could maximize N uptake while minimizing N loss. We quantified N mineralization rates in a pecan (Carya illinoensis K. Koch)–cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) alley cropping system in northwestern Florida with (non-barrier) and without tree-crop belowground interactions (barrier separating the root systems of pecan and cotton). Monthly rates of mineralization were estimated using buried bag incubations over a 15-month period. In addition, seasonal mineralization rates and cotton lint yield on soils supplied with two sources of N—inorganic fertilizer and organic poultry litter—were assessed. Results indicated that temporal variations in net NH₄ and NO₃ accumulation and mineralization rates were driven primarily by environmental factors and to a lesser degree by initial soil NH₄ and NO₃ levels. Mineralization varied by belowground interaction treatment during the initial growing season, when the non-barrier treatment exhibited a higher mineralization rate than the barrier treatment, likely due to reduced nutrient uptake by cotton in the non-barrier or a higher degree of immobilization in the barrier treatment. Mineralization during the second growing season was similar for both treatments. Source of N had no effects on N transformation in the soil. Lint yield reductions were observed in the non-barrier treatment during both years compared to the barrier treatment, likely due to interspecific competition for water. Yield differences between treatments in the second growing season were likely compounded by a diminishing pre-study fallow effect. Source of N was found to have a significant effect on cotton yield, with inorganic fertilizer resulting in 39% higher lint compared to poultry litter in the barrier treatment.     

农用墙排风风机性能参数的分析与选用

介绍了目前国内外常用的几种农用墙排风风机的性能数据，并用通风机相似理论进行了分析和计算，指出了厂家提供的数据中存在的问题，对畜禽舍怎样选择风机，厂家怎样高质量保证风机的特性提出了建议。     

The Valuation of Nutrition Value in Available Amino Acid of Feed-corn on Poultry Feed

以凯氏定氮法测定“9409”饲用玉米的粗蛋白质为91.9g/kg。用Beckman121型氨基酸分析仪测定其18种氨基酸含量(88.3252g/kg)占粗蛋白质含量的96.11%,13种必需氨基酸含量为4.3731g/kg。以90日龄未取盲肠公鸡测定中的氨基酸真可利用率在84.65%-96.21%。以蛋鸡和肉仔鸡理想蛋白质为模型,计算氨基酸平衡性指数,表明饲用玉米是家禽的良好蛋白源。     

Vaccination of Poultry Workers: Delivery and Uptake of Seasonal Influenza Immunization

Avian influenza is a highly infectious disease in poultry and although the risk of human infection is low, concerns exist that it could evolve into a new human strain of pandemic potential if reassortment with a human influenza virus occurs. In January 2007, the UK government introduced a programme to vaccinate poultry workers to reduce the potential of such an event. This study evaluates the delivery, uptake and costs of the programme in three counties of England. A questionnaire survey was completed by consultants in public health in all the Primary Care Trusts in Norfolk, Suffolk and Cambridgeshire in May 2007. The delivery of the programme varied between Primary Care Trusts, including being delivered in some cases by clinics in primary care, by general practitioners and occupational health services in others. The uptake of vaccination was low ranging from 7% to 29% at a cost of £29 to £132 per person vaccinated. Vaccination of poultry workers as a public health measure to prevent an influenza pandemic is likely to be ineffective with the level of coverage found in this evaluation in our region.     

海口地区高密度叠层笼养蛋鸡舍内热湿环境的实验研究

针对高密度蛋鸡叠层笼养工艺在海口地区的实际应用，从环境工程角度对舍内温度、湿度等诸多环境因子进行了实验研究。发现舍内环境状况良好，基本满足生产需要，为进一步在全国大中城市推广该工艺提供了宝贵经验。     

鸡舍纵向通风系统设计与应用中的几个问题

针对当前我国在原密闭式鸡舍的横向通风与开放式或半开放式鸡舍的自然通风方式改造成纵向通风过程中存在的一些问题,着重分析讨论了鸡舍纵向通风系统的通风换气量与舍内风速取值,进气口面积与位置的确定,风机的选型及其不同季节的运行管理等问题。为今后我国不同类型鸡舍的纵向通风系统的设计与应用提供参考。     

铬对家禽生长性能的影响及其分子机理研究

铬是动物体内的必需微量元素,是葡萄糖耐量因子（GTF）的重要组成部分。近年来,铬对肉鸡生长性能的影响及其分子机理方面的研究已有较大的进展,本文主要就铬的生物学功能、作用机理、在家禽上的应用及影响铬作用效果的因素等方面作一综述。     

环境温度和测定方法对鸡饲粮代谢能测值的影响

采用析因法研究了环境温度、测定方法、饲粮类型对蛋鸡料与肉鸡料的表观代谢能(AME)、内源能排出量(EEL)、真代谢能(TME)等测值的影响。环境温度设计三个范围:5～15℃、20～25℃、30～36℃;代谢能测定方法有常规全收法、32小时排空法、48小时排空法;共用150只成年公鸡进行了测定。结果表明,环境温度对AME、EEL、TME有极显著影响。与20～25℃条件相比,在5～15℃时AME值呈降低趋势、EEL和TME呈增加趋势;在30～36℃时AME呈增加趋势、EEL和TME呈下降趋势。AME、EEL和TME的变化程度还与测定方法及试粮类型有关。在20～25℃环境温度条件下,无论全收法、32小时排空法和48小时排空法测定AME值;或用32小时法与48小时法测定TME值都未见方法间存在显著差异,可见这几种方法在适温条件下是可以通用的。     

“一村一名大学生计划”《畜禽生产概论》课程教学方法的探讨

《畜禽生产概论》是“一村一名大学生计划”高等专科管理类专业开设的一门专业课程,实践性较强,涵盖内容较多。文章根据培养目标、课程特点和教学对象特性等,对课程教学过程提出一系列优化设计和改进措施,以期提高课堂教学效果和学生学习效率。