干旱胁迫对4种景天科植物生理生化指标的影响

为筛选适合北方地区的屋顶绿化植物,以4种景天科植物为试材,采用盆栽控水法研究干旱胁迫对植物叶片相对含水量、相对电导率及丙二醛含量等抗旱性生理指标的影响,并结合植物生长状况及隶属函数法综合评价4种植物的抗旱能力强弱。结果表明,随着干旱胁迫时间的增加,形态上卧茎景天(Sedum sarmentosum)、长药景天(Hylotelephium spectabile)和堪察加景天(S. kamtschaticum)的评价等级为生长一般,德国景天(S. hybridum cv.Immergrunchell)生长受抑制。各种景天的叶片相对含水量都呈下降趋势,卧茎景天的相对电导率及丙二醛含量增幅较小,抗旱性较强。通过隶属函数综合评价,4种景天植物的抗旱能力大小为卧茎景天>长药景天>堪察加景天>德国景天。     

天山北坡不同区域及海拔对天然草地鸭茅群落物种种间关系影响

以天山北坡不同区域与海拔地段鸭茅群落主要物种为研究对象,采用邻接格子样方法测定鸭茅群落物种优势度,通过方差比率计算、χ²检验、联结指数即秩相关分析种间联结性,分析鸭茅群落主要优势物种在群落中的分布及优势物种鸭茅与其他物种之间的关系,探讨区域与海拔梯度变化对鸭茅群落物稳定性的影响。结果表明,1)东、西两段山地鸭茅群落主要物种种间联结性在海拔1800~2200 m间呈现出由正关联逐渐向负关联过渡,群落稳定性有随海拔升高呈逐渐减弱趋势。2)联结系数及联结指数结果均说明不同区域与海拔梯度对的鸭茅群落物种间的联结程度有一定影响,但均表现不强,而处于弱联结的较多或无联结,群落中各物种间较松散。3)鸭茅种群与群落内其他种之间的相关性有时呈正联结,有时呈负联结,这与区域与海拔地段所处的环境因素存在异质性有关。研究结果为揭示影响鸭茅群落物稳定性因素,预测鸭茅种群动态和种间竞争与共存机制提供重要的理论依据。     

盐碱胁迫对芨芨草种子萌发的影响

研究了5种盐碱(NaCl、Na2SO4、NaHCO3、Na2CO3及该4种盐按1:9:9:1的物质的量比例配置成的混合溶液)及其在不同浓度处理下对芨芨草(Achnatherum splendens)种子萌发的影响.结果表明,在不同盐碱处理下,随着浓度的增加,种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数适渐降低,种子萌发抑制作用逐渐增强...     

体外产气法评价不同分级指数玉米青贮—苜蓿干草组合发酵特性

为明确不同分级指数（Grading index,GI）下牦牛日粮粗饲料营养情况,本试验选取了5种不同GI（7.20,6.43,5.66,4.89,4.12）的玉米青贮—苜蓿干草组合,其质量比分别为70：30,60：40,50：50,40：60,30：70,进行牦牛瘤胃体外发酵试验,旨在探究不同组合下牦牛瘤胃体外发酵效果。试验结果表明：发酵48 h时,GI=7.20组合的累积产气量（Gas production,GP）显著高于或极显著高于其他组合（P<0.05或P<0.01）;各GI组合的干物质降解率（Dry matter degradation in vitro,IVDMD）差异不显著（P>0.05）;发酵3 h和12 h时,GI=7.20组合的中性洗涤纤维降解率（Neutral detergent fiber in vitro,IVNDFD）与GI=6.43组合差异不显著但极显著高于其他GI组合（P<0.01）;3 h,6 h,12 h,24 h时的氨态氮（NH₃-N）浓度随着GI降低呈现出减小趋势,48 h时的NH₃-N浓度随着GI降低呈现出先减小后增加趋势,GI=7.20时的NH₃-N浓度最大;发酵48 h时,各GI组合的微生物蛋白（Microbial protein,MCP）浓度差异不显著（P>0.05）,但GI=7.20时的MCP浓度最大;发酵48 h时,乙酸、丙酸、总挥发性脂肪酸（Total volatile fatty acid,TVFA）浓度随着GI降低呈现出减小趋势,GI=7.20时的乙酸、丙酸、TVFA浓度最大;各GI组合发酵6 h~48 h均呈现了正组合效应,综合组合效应值（Multiply factors associative effects index,MFAEI）随着GI减小呈现先减小后增大的趋势,且各时间段GI=7.20组合的MFAEI高于其他GI组合。综上所述,GI值为7.20玉米青贮—苜蓿干草组合的牦牛瘤胃体外发酵效果最优。     

RADIOGRAPHIC IMAGING OF THE CANINE INTERCONDYLAR FOSSA

The intercondylar fossa is believed to play an important role in the pathology of cranial cruciate ligament rupture and therefore has received considerable attention in the last decade. Accurate radiographic imaging of the intercondylar fossa requires that the central x-ray beam pass through the center of the intercondylar "tunnel". The anatomy of the canine intercondylar fossa is similar to humans, however, the orientations of the intercondylar fossa's differ. Consequently, the positioning techniques described for humans are not appropriate for the dog. To pass through the center of the dog, intercondylar fossa, the central x-ray beam should be 12° (S.D. 1.7°) caudal from the femoral diaphysis in the sagittal plane and obliqued caudolateral to craniomedial 7° (S.D. 0.60°) (caudo78°proximo7° lateralcraniodistomedial oblique). Cross table positioning was used with the hip flexed and the radiograph cassette placed on the cranial surface of the stifle. However, superimposition of the tuber ischii and soft tissues caudal to the femur made 15° to 20° the best angle obtainable. There was not a significant difference (p = 0.17) in the notch width index between a 12° versus 20° angle of the central x-ray beam caudal to the femoral diaphysis, both with 7° of external rotation of the stifle. The notch width index of 0.252 obtained from radiographic measurements was not significantly different from measurements obtained grossly of 0.254 (n = 26; p = 0.69). Failure to oblique the central x-ray beam caused a significant (p = 0.0008) decrease in the apparent fossa width radiographically.     

Use of albumin quotient and IgG index to differentiate blood- vs brain-derived proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid of cats with feline infectious peritonitis

BACKGROUND: Inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS) is a frequent condition in cats but etiology often remains unsolved. Routine cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis can be extended through the calculation of the albumin quotient (Q(alb)), a marker of the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and IgG index, an estimate of intrathecal IgG synthesis. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to validate nephelometric methods for CSF protein analysis, and to use the Q(alb) and IgG index to discriminate blood- and brain-derived immunoglobulin fractions in cats with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). METHODS: Cats presented to our clinic between 2001 and 2005 were included in the study based on clinical and laboratory data and histopathologic findings at necropsy. Cats were grouped as having nonneurologic disease (controls; n=37), brain tumors (n=8), FIP involving the CNS (n=12), and extraneural FIP (n=12). CSF-total protein (TP) was measured and albumin and IgG concentrations were measured in paired CSF/serum samples; Q(alb) and IgG index were calculated. Intraassay and interassay precision of the nephelometric assays were determined using pooled samples. RESULTS: Coefficients of variation for the nephelometric assays ranged from 2.7% to 7.2%. In control cats, CSF-TP concentration ranged from 0.06 to 0.36 g/L, Q(alb) ranged from 0.6 to 5.7 x 10(-3), and IgG index ranged from 0.3 to 0.6. Q(alb) and IgG index were significantly higher in cats with brain tumors and cats with CNS-FIP compared with other groups. Compared with control cats, pleocytosis was evident in 8 of 12 (67%) cats and CSF-TP was increased in 3 of 12 (25%) cats with CNS-FIP. CONCLUSION: Nephelometry is a reliable method for measurement of CSF protein, albumin, and IgG in cats. The Q(alb) and IgG index did not identify a CSF protein pattern specific for BBB dysfunction or intrathecal IgG synthesis in cats with CNS-FIP.     

不同活力种子的萌发与出苗特性

摘要：研究测定了老化处理后几种禾本科牧草种子的萌发、幼苗以及出苗期的相关指标,进一步分析其相关性。结果表明,1）除羊草（Leymus chinensis）种子外,老化处理显著降低其他参试种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数,胚根、胚芽以及幼苗长度,出苗率、出苗速率;2）牧草种子的耐老化能力因种而异,休眠可显著提高种子自身的耐老化能力,如羊草;3）除羊草种子外,其他种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数,胚根、胚芽以及幼苗长度与出苗率、出苗速率极显著正相关(P<0.01);4) 相比其他萌发指标,发芽率用于种子活力批次的划分在所有物种中表现相对较好。     

海兰灰蛋鸡患输卵管囊肿对屠宰性能、器官指数、血清生化指标及组织病理学的影响

本试验旨在研究海兰灰蛋鸡患输卵管囊肿对屠宰性能、器官指数、血清生化指标及组织病理学的影响.选取同一饲养环境下的54周龄海兰灰蛋鸡16只,分为对照组(CTR,n=9)和输卵管囊肿组(CFT,n=7)进行屠宰并采集血清样品,测定蛋鸡屠宰性能、器官指数和血清生化等指标.结果表明:1)输卵管囊肿组蛋鸡的活重和屠体重较对照组极显...     

桑叶粉对育肥猪生长性能、肉品质和血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加桑叶粉对育肥猪生长性能、肉品质和血清生化指标的影响。选用始重[(87.10±5.33)kg]基本一致的健康"杜×大×长"三元杂交育肥猪160头,随机分为4组(每组4个重复,每个重复10头):对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂含5%、10%、15%桑叶粉饲粮,试验期50 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,1)饲粮中添加5%和10%的桑叶粉对育肥猪平均日增重影响不显著(P0.05);添加15%的桑叶粉显著降低育肥猪平均日增重和显著提高料重比(P0.05)。2)添加5%和10%桑叶粉对屠宰后45 min、24 h肌肉剪切力和p H影响不显著(P0.05),可提高肌肉的大理石纹评分,但差异不显著(P0.05);当桑叶粉添加15%时,平均背膘厚和肌肉总胆固醇含量显著降低(P0.05)。3)添加5%、10%、15%桑叶粉能显著提高肌肉中超氧化物歧化酶的活性(P0.05),降低肌肉中丙二醛的含量(P0.05),有效提高肌肉的抗氧化能力。4)添加5%、10%、15%桑叶粉血清尿素氮含量均显著提高(P0.05),脂肪酶活性降低,但差异不显著(P0.05),饲粮中添加15%桑叶粉能显著降低血清甘油三酯含量(P0.05)。综合各项指标,饲粮中添加10%的桑叶粉对育肥猪生长速度影响较小,但可有效提高肉品质。     

湖羊在西北寒旱地区行为学和生理指标的观测

为了研究西北寒冷干旱气候条件下湖羊的行为和生理指标变化,进而为西北地区湖羊引种提供数据支持和理论依据,本试验选用12只(公、母各半)舍饲周岁湖羊,通过近红外摄像技术研究了不同季节(A因子,A₁夏季,A₂冬季)、性别(B因子,B₁♂,B₂♀)和不同时段(C因子,C₁昼,C₂夜)条件下湖羊的采食、饮水、反刍、卧息等行为。结果表明,季节因子(A因子)对湖羊采食、卧息、反刍等行为均有极显著影响(P<0.01);性别因子(B因子)仅对湖羊采食和卧息行为有显著影响(P<0.05);昼夜因子(C因子)对湖羊的卧息行为有显著影响(P<0.05),对其采食和反刍行为有极显著影响(P<0.01)。季节和性别的交互作用对湖羊采食行为有显著影响(P<0.05),对反刍行为有极显著影响(P<0.01)。其余因子间交互作用对湖羊行为学无显著影响。试验羊体温、心跳、呼吸频率和血常规等生理指标均在正常范围内。以上结果说明湖羊在当地表现出了良好的适应性,在西北地区引种湖羊可行。