鳖甲胶原蛋白酶解物的分离纯化及体外抗氧化性研究

为建立中华鳖背甲中胶原蛋白酶解物(CH)的制备条件,并明确其体外抗氧化活性,本研究采用单因素试验探讨鳖甲胶原蛋白酶解物的分离条件。结果表明,其最佳提取工艺参数:胃蛋白酶添加量 4 000 U·g^-1、pH值2.5、酶解温度35℃。通过透析纯化后获得体外抗氧化活性最好的组分为分子量<50 kDa的样品。该样品经Sephadex G-75凝胶色谱分离纯化得到2个组分,其中GP-2组分对O2-·、OH·和DPPH·3种自由基清除能力最强;之后对GP-2组分进行离子交换层析分离同样获得2个组分,其中P1组分体外抗氧化活性高于GP-2,其对DPPH·、OH·、O2-·清除率分别为81.67%、65.45%和6.78%。经SDS-PAGE电泳确定P1组分的分子量约40 kDa。本研究结果为鳖甲的开发利用及鳖源新型抗氧化物质的研发提供了一定的理论基础。     

甜菜立枯病病原菌的分离和鉴定

旨在明确黑龙江大学呼兰校区甜菜立枯病的病原菌种类,为科学防治该病提供理论参考。以采自黑龙江大学呼兰校区的甜菜立枯病植株为试材,用形态学观察、致病性测定和分子生物学鉴定方法,依据柯赫氏法则,对病原菌进行分离和鉴定。结果表明,从发病甜菜幼苗根部上分离出的菌株L1,菌丝呈白色。大型分生孢子为镰刀型,有隔膜,小型分生孢子多为单细胞少数有隔膜。分子鉴定结果显示,该病原菌在基于ITS和tef1序列构建的系统发育树上与腐皮镰孢菌类群处同一分支。根据形态学和分子鉴定结果,确定引起黑龙江大学呼兰校区甜菜立枯病的病原菌为腐皮镰孢菌(Fusarium solani)。     

中国沙棘子叶叶肉细胞电流全细胞记录的研究

实验得出适合膜片钳实验的耐盐木本植物中国沙棘子叶原生质体的游离条件,即取当天脱壳的子叶,放入渗透浓度为0.88 mol/L,pH为5.8,酶液的组分为10 g/LCellulase R-10、0.5 g/LPectolyase Y-23、1.5 g/LMacrozymeR-10、1 g/L Hemicellulase、1 g/L BSA、1 g/L PVP-40、2 mmol/L CaCl2、10 mmol/L Mes和5 mmol/L Vc的溶液中,在26℃、黑暗条件下,静置4 h。并且利用Multiclamp 700B放大器和Clampex 9.2软件,记录到了该原生质体质膜全细胞内向K 通道电流(-459.137 pA及-290.527 pA)和非选择性阳离子通道的外向电流(8.036 pA)。这为沙棘属木本植物细胞的电生理特性及其耐盐性机制关系的研究奠定基础。     

猪伪狂犬病病毒的分离鉴定

通过鸡胚接种和鸡胚成纤维单层细胞培养相结合的方法从江西省某猪场死亡仔猪的脑、肺脏中分离到一株病毒。该病毒接种家兔48 h后开始表现不安,呈奇痒为特征的神经症状并死亡。病毒能在鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜上形成痘斑,在鸡胚成纤维细胞中增殖并使细胞出现病变、死亡。电镜观察到病毒粒子呈圆形,囊膜清晰可见,直径130~170 nm。根据已发表的伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)gE基因的序列,设计并合成了一对引物,采用PCR方法可扩增特异性953 pb DNA片段。证实分离的病毒株为伪狂犬病病毒,命名为伪狂犬病病毒GN0605株。     

暗纹东方鲀mtDNA的分离纯化及其细胞素b基因的分子克隆

利用改进的差速离心法和碱裂解法制备并分离纯化了暗纹东方纯mtDNA,测得分子大小为19．4Kb。用线粒体特异染色法跟踪和监测线粒体提取,结果表明,25000-35000g能获得90％以上的高得率。利用制备纯化的mtDNA,已首次克隆了暗纹东方纯细胞色素b基因(cytb)。     

黄颡鱼鲇爱德华氏菌的分离鉴定及其致病性研究

从患头顶溃疡症的黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)内脏组织中分离出致病力强的菌株JZ086,对该菌进行了形态学、生理生化特性的测定,并进行了Biolog全自动微生物分析系统及16S rDNA序列鉴定。结果显示:人工感染实验证实该菌为黄颡鱼的病原菌,其半数致死量(LD50)为1.7×105CFU。Biolog全自动微生物分析系统鉴定结果显示该菌为鲇爱德华氏菌(Edwardsiella ictaluri)。16S rDNA序列分析显示该菌与鲇爱德华氏菌的亲缘关系最近,同源性高达99%;系统进化树中与鲇爱德华氏菌(AB050826)自然聚为一支,二者遗传距离约为0.002。鉴定结果确认JZ086为鲇爱德华氏菌。药物敏感性试验结果显示,该菌对所测试的15种药物都敏感,其中对氨苄西林、环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星、妥布霉素等尤其敏感。     

Isolation and Characterization of Pepsin-Soluble Collagen from the Skin of Peru Squid (Dosidicus gigas)

Pepsin-soluble collagen (PSC) was isolated from Peru squid (Dosidicus gigas) skin and physicochemical properties of the PSC were determined. The PSC exhibited a maximum absorbance at 220 nm. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis suggested the collagen containing α1 and α2 chain was classified as type I collagen. Amino acid composition indicated that the collagen had lower amino acid content than that of mammalian collagen. Denaturation temperature (T_d) of the PSC was 26.8°C. The PSC had relatively high solubility in alkaline condition or NaCl concentrations below 2%. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy investigations showed the existence of helical arrangements of collagen. The lyophilized collagen had a uniform and regular network structure. These results suggested that Peru squid skin was a potential source of collagen for further research and application.     

鲢肠道淀粉酶的分离纯化及部分性质研究

以鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)加工下脚料为原料,分离提纯其中的淀粉酶并对其部分性质进行了研究。结果表明经多级分离,得到了一种相对分子质量约2.15×104的淀粉酶,命名为SCIG1。SCIG1是鲢肠道淀粉酶的一种,酶活性的最适温度为30℃,最适pH5.5。     

石河子地区某规模化奶牛场肺炎克雷伯菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析

为了阐明引起石河子地区某规模化奶牛场犊牛呼吸道症状的主要细菌性病原体及其生物学特性，本研究采集2~6月龄犊牛鼻拭子与肛拭子各39份，通过细菌分离培养、形态学观察、生化分析、PCR扩增16S rRNA基因和溶血酵素（khe）基因、药敏试验和小鼠致病性试验等方法对分离菌株的生物学特性进行分析。结果显示，分离菌株中有3株在MIAC平板上形成紫红色带有沉淀环的菌落（鼻拭子1株，肛拭子2株），且镜检为革兰氏阴性短杆菌，疑为肺炎克雷伯菌。全自动微生物分析系统显示，分离株与肺炎克雷伯菌相似性均为96%；PCR扩增16S rRNA基因测序结果显示，分离株与GenBank数据库中肺炎克雷伯菌核苷酸相似性在96.5%~99.8%之间，肺炎克雷伯菌特异性基因khe阳性且相似性达99%以上；药敏结果显示，分离菌株对青霉素类、头孢菌素类、一代和二代氨基糖苷类、四环素类、一代大环内酯类、磺胺类、多烯类、林可酰胺类抗菌药呈现出不同程度的耐药；对三代氨基糖苷类、二代大环内酯类、氯霉素类、多肽类、喹诺酮类抗菌药敏感，且呈现不同程度的多重耐药性；致病性试验结果表明，分离菌株均可不同程度导致小鼠死亡且以鼻拭子分离株致病性较强。本研究成功分离鉴定石河子地区规模化奶牛场引起犊牛呼吸道症状的肺炎克雷伯菌3株，并阐明分离菌的部分生物学特性，为新疆地区牛源肺炎克雷伯菌病的检测、诊断及临床治疗提供技术支撑。     

Extensive dispersal of Roanoke logperch (Percina rex) inferred from genetic marker data

The dispersal ecology of most stream fishes is poorly characterised, complicating conservation efforts for these species. We used microsatellite DNA marker data to characterise dispersal patterns and effective population size (N_e) for a population of Roanoke logperch Percina rex, an endangered darter (Percidae). Juveniles and candidate parents were sampled for 2 years at sites throughout the Roanoke River watershed. Dispersal was inferred via genetic assignment tests (ATs), pedigree reconstruction (PR) and estimation of lifetime dispersal distance under a genetic isolation‐by‐distance model. Estimates of N_e varied from 105 to 1218 individuals, depending on the estimation method. Based on PR, polygamy was frequent in parents of both sexes, with individuals spawning with an average of 2.4 mates. The sample contained 61 half‐sibling pairs, but only one parent–offspring pair and no full‐sib pairs, which limited our ability to discriminate natal dispersal of juveniles from breeding dispersal of their parents between spawning events. Nonetheless, all methods indicated extensive dispersal. The AT indicated unrestricted dispersal among sites ≤15 km apart, while siblings inferred by the PR were captured an average of 14 km and up to 55 km apart. Model‐based estimates of median lifetime dispersal distance (6–24 km, depending on assumptions) bracketed AT and PR estimates, indicating that widely dispersed individuals do, on average, contribute to gene flow. Extensive dispersal of P. rex suggests that darters and other small benthic stream fishes may be unexpectedly mobile. Monitoring and management activities for such populations should encompass entire watersheds to fully capture population dynamics.