瘤缘蝽生物学特性及防治研究

本文较详细地报道了瘤缘蝽的生物学特性及防治方法。该虫在豫南一年发生5～6代,以成虫在土缝、砖缝、石块及枯枝落叶下越冬。每年4～10月是为害期,7～8月是为害高峰期,常以几头、甚至上百头成、若虫群聚在辣椒上刺吸汁液,致使枝叶萎黄、幼果脱落、产量下降,也可为害蚕豆、土豆和茄子。成、若虫均喜荫畏光,有群聚性、假死性,无趋光性。人工捕杀、摘除卵块、清洁田园均可有效地减少其发生数量。90％敌百虫晶体3000或4000倍液于其为害高峰之前、低龄若虫期喷洒,每亩施50公斤,防效可达100％。     

橡胶林下间种地胆草技术及其效益分析

经过试验研究,初步总结出橡胶林下间种地胆草的技术方法,包括林地选择、品种选择、备耕整地、种子种苗准备、定植、日常管理、种子收集、地胆草的收获、林下间种第二年及其之后的管理等步骤。橡胶林下间种地胆草,既可保护野生地胆草资源,提高橡胶林下土地利用率,增加割胶工人收入,也可作为林下覆盖作物,减少水土流失,较具开发应用潜力。     

生态毒理学工具在评价石油化工厂区土地耕作适宜性中的运用

The demand for simple and rapid bioassays in ecotoxicological evaluations is of paramount importance in order to speed up environmental monitoring programs. In this study we performed bioassays with lettuce seeds and two species of terrestrial isopods （Armadillidium vulgare and Porcellio dilatatus） for the ecotoxicological assessment of a landfarming soil from a petrochemical complex area. The solubilized content of test soil demonstrated a concentration-response type toxic effect on seed germination rate, and a delay on germination, but showed toxic effect on seedlings wet weight only at the highest concentration. Toxic effects were also observed in mortality rate and avoidance behavior of the two woodlice species. These results demonstrated the sensitiveness of the organisms studied, and highlighted the possibility to use these bioassays in environmental monitoring programs in areas contaminated with fossil fuels.     

南药木麻黄和地胆草对肉鸡生长性能和免疫器官发育的影响

为研究饲料中添加南药木麻黄和地胆草对肉鸡生长性能、免疫器官发育的影响,试验选用240羽1日龄AA肉鸡,随机分为4组,试验组(Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组)分别在日粮中添加1%的木麻黄和地胆草常规粉、超微粉、水提物(木麻黄和地胆草的质量比为7︰3),对照组(Ⅳ组)饲喂基础日粮。分别在0、14、28、42日龄空腹称体质量,称余料质量,计算料重比和平均日增质量,并颈静脉放血处死,称量免疫器官质量,计算免疫器官指数。结果显示:试验过程中,与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组平均日增质量显著增加19.05%、料重比显著降低3.20%;在肉鸡14日龄时,试验Ⅱ组脾脏指数显著提高,胸腺指数显著降低,整体上添加木麻黄和地胆草对免疫器官指数影响不明显。综上,在饲料中添加木麻黄和地胆草超微粉能够显著提高肉鸡的生长性能。     

民族药地胆草的生药学鉴定

采用原植物、性状、显微、薄层鉴别方法对民族药地胆草进行系统的生药学鉴定,为其鉴别及应用提供科学依据。结果表明：通过原植物、性状鉴别、显微鉴别、薄层色谱鉴别能够很好的鉴定原植物。     

盆栽地胆草播种方式及肥效试验研究初报

移栽野生地胆草，收集成熟种子，通过不同播种方式盆栽播种，观测种子发芽情况。再通过盆栽肥效试验，确定野生地胆草生长的营养需求。结果表明，浅播种子发芽快，且后期生长好；肥效试验表明，盆栽地胆草每株每周施100 mL 0.1 %浓度的复合肥水肥时长势好。     

东风菜光合特性的研究

以东风菜为试材,利用CIRAS-2便携式光合测定仪,对其光合特性进行研究。结果表明:东风菜的光补偿点、光饱和点分别为73.8、1115μmol·m^-2·s^-1,表观量子效率为0.0147;CO₂补偿点、饱和点分别为111.1、987.5μmol/mol,羧化效率为0.0316;光合作用的最适温度为28.3℃。     

The toxicity of sublethal lead concentrations for the woodlouse, Porcellio laevis (Crustacea, Isopoda)

 The effects of sublethal concentrations of lead nitrate on the terrestrial isopod Porcellio laevis were studied experimentally under controlled conditions over a period of 8 weeks. Changes in body mass were recorded. Avoidance-behaviour studies were undertaken to determine whether P. laevis can detect and possibly avoid lead in the environment. P. laevis was affected negatively by the presence of lead nitrate and showed a loss in body mass. More than 86% of the total body burden of lead was compartmentalized in the hepatopancreas. The isopods were capable of avoiding leaves contaminated with 200 mg kg^–1 lead nitrate in behavioural tests but did not avoid leaves contaminated with a higher concentration. Received: 10 March 1998     

遮光对地胆草根系浸出物及黄酮和灰分含量影响研究初报

为初步了解不同遮光强度对地胆草根系品质的影响,对采收自5种不同遮光栽培处理下地胆草根系的浸出物、黄酮及灰分含量进行比较研究。结果表明,3种类型的地胆草根系浸出物得率为:水溶性浸出物醇溶性浸出物乙醚浸出物,其中,水热浸法得率、水冷浸法得率与遮光率间的相关性均不显著,醇热浸法得率、醇冷浸法得率与遮光率间均呈极显著(p0.01)负相关,乙醚浸出物得率与遮光率间也呈显著负相关(p0.05),而根系黄酮、粗灰分、酸不溶性灰分含量与遮光率间的相关性均不显著。初步认为,生长环境的遮光强度会对地胆草根系的品质产生影响,高遮光率可能有利于地胆草根系水溶性浸出物的获得,而不利于醇溶性浸出物及乙醚浸出物的累积,但遮光率对地胆草根系黄酮含量及粗灰分、酸不溶性灰分含量的影响相对较小。