植物诱导抗病性的常规鉴定 ——相关酶活性变化与其的关系

概述了诱导植物抗病性的过程、相关酶以及几种主要相关酶活性变化与诱导植物抗病性的关系。为早期鉴别植物抗性提供了理论和方法。     

Sulfur mineralization rates and potentials of soils

Summary Field-moist soil and glass beads mixtures were packed in glass tubes and leached with 100 ml of 5 mM CaCl₂ and incubated at 20 or 30°C. The leaching procedure was repeated every 2 weeks for 14 weeks. The leachates were analysed for SO _inf4 ^sup2– and NO₃ ^–. The S uptake by three successive croppings of corn (Zea mays L.) or soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] at 40- or 60-day intervals, respectively, or three cuttings of ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) at 30-day intervals were studied under greenhouse conditions. Results showed that significantly greater amounts of S were mineralized at 30°C than at 20°C in each of 13 Iowa and 7 Chilean surface soils. Expressed as percentages of organic S in soils, the amounts of S mineralized in the Iowa surface soils in 14 weeks at 20 and 30°C ranged from 1.2% to 9.8% and from 2.4% to 17.5%, respectively. The corresponding values for the Chilean soils ranged from 0.9% to 7.2%6 and from 1.4% to 12.1%. The Q₁₀ values of S mineralization ranged from 1.7 to 4.4 (average 2.5) for the Iowa soils and from 1.7 to 3.1 (average 2.1) for the Chilean soils. The cumulative S mineralized at 20°C in 14 weeks was significantly correlated with the cumulative N mineralized (linear model, r=0.72^**; quadratic model, r=0.84^***). Similarly, the cumulative S mineralized at 30°C was significantly correlated with the cumulative N mineralized at this temperature (linear model, r=0.81^***; quadratic model, r = 0.82^***). The potentially mineralizable S pool (S₀), calculated by using an exponential equation for the S mineralized at 20°C, ranged from 5 to 44 mg kg^–1 for the Iowa soils and from 10 to 25 mg kg^–1 for the Chilean soils. The corresponding values obtained by using a reciprocal-plot technique ranged from 6 to 48 mg kg^–1 and from 12 to 26 mg kg^–1, respectively. The S₀ values calculated for S mineralized at 30°C, in general, were higher than those obtained at 20°C. The S mineralization rate constant (k) and the time required to mineralize 50% of S₀ (K _t), calculated by using the cumulative SO _inf4 ^sup2– released during 14 weeks of incubation, varied considerably among the soils. Up take of S by corn and soybean (tops+roots) were, in general, lower than the total SO _inf4 ^sup2– mineralized in 14 weeks at 20°C.     

Surrogate taxa for biodiversity in agricultural landscapes of eastern Austria

In an agricultural landscape in eastern Austria eight terrestrial organism groups were investigated as potential biodiversity indicators. We present a cross-taxon congruence assessment obtained at the landscape scale using two groups of plants (bryophytes and vascular plants), five groups of invertebrates (gastropods, spiders, orthopterans, carabid beetles and ants) and one vertebrate taxon (birds). We tested four different approaches: correlated species counts, surrogate measures of the overall species richness that was assessed, a multi-taxa (or shopping basket) approach and a simple complementarity algorithm. With few exceptions, pairwise correlations between taxa, correlations between one taxon and the species richness of the remaining groups, and correlations between a combination of the richness of two taxa and the remaining species richness were highly positive. Complementarity-derived priority sets of sampling sites using one taxon as a surrogate for the pooled species richness of all other taxa captured significantly more species than selecting areas randomly. As an essential first step in selecting useful biodiversity indicators, we demonstrate that species richness of vascular plants and birds showed the highest correlations with the overall species richness. In a multi-taxa approach and in complementarity site selection, each of the eight investigated taxa had the capability to capture a high percentage of the overall species richness.     

高等植物亚硫酸盐氧化酶研究进展

亚硫酸盐氧化酶(sulfite oxidase,SO)作为钼酶家族的第4个成员,参与生物体内硫代谢等重要的生理和生化过程。笔者对高等植物亚硫酸盐氧化酶的结构特征、生化特性及生物学功能等方面的最新研究进展作一综述,并展望了SO在提高植物抗环境污染(SO2、酸雨等)方面的应用潜力。     

国外室内植物的起源和历史

追溯了国外室内植物的起源,盆栽是一个历史性的转折。温室的出现为植物进入室内提供了条件,为室内植物创造适宜的生长环境,其中培育暖房和橙屋都是早期温室的一种形式。阐述了它的历史,在室内植物的产生过程中,植物收集者们的功劳是最大的,19世纪后半期是引进全世界各地室内植物到欧洲的鼎盛时期,植物收集者的贡献不可忽视。在所有收集者们中最有名的两个姓氏是Joseph和Veitch。室内植物令人惊奇的是,各种不同气候带的植物都可以在同一个环境中生长,使得室内的植物物种极为丰富。随着室内环境的改善,可以在室内生长的植物种类将会更多。     

STUDY ON THE INTRODUCTION OF LAWN PLANTS AND THE TECHNOLOGY OF PLANTING THEM IN NINGXIA''''S ARID AREA

<正> Ningxia lies inland in China. Its annual rainfall is from 130 mm to 380 mm. It lies inthe arid and semiarid areas of the midtemperate zone. Dry climate, sand blown by thewind, common salinization and scattered plants are the main climatic characteristics. So itis very important for the afforestation, environmental protection and management of cities     

植物造景的艺术原理初探

城市景观近几年随着园林城市化的发展而发展迅速。在城市里用恰当的植物营造适宜人观赏的景观是现今景观设计中不可忽视的重要环节。文章将通过分析植物造景现状,探讨植物造景中所遇到的问题、植物造景的原则、艺术原理和手法,为将来景观设计的植物配植阶段提供可供参考的理论基础。     

居住区植物选配浅析

针对居住区植物选配中存在的对植物生态性的理解偏差、重视觉效果、忽略植被的其他功能、绿地植被选配简单缺乏研究、植被选配妨碍居民生活等问题进行探讨,总结居住区植物选配的原则,对居住区及周边隔离防护用地、道路用地、公建用地、活动场地植物选配问题进行分析。     

石斛植物病害研究现状

石斛植物是我国主要的药用和观花植物,病害是影响石斛植物产业发展的重要因素。作者简述了我国对石斛植物病害研究概况,由不同病原菌引起的病害类型、症状特点、发生规律,以及化学防治和生物防治措施。     

冰草种间杂种蒙农杂种组织培养再生和遗传转化体系的建立

 以冰草属(AgropyronGaertn.)中的1个优质种间杂种——“蒙农杂种”冰草(A.cristatumA.desertorumcv.‘Mengnong’)为材料,以幼穗为外植体,建立了组织培养再生与遗传转化体系。试验中所用诱导愈伤组织的培养基为改良MS+2,4-D2.0～3.0mg·L-1,愈伤组织诱导率平均为83.4%;分化培养基为MS(无附加成分),分化率达59.6%;在1/2MS培养基上生根后得到完整小植株。在此基础上,以抗除草剂基因bar为目标基因,用基因枪法转化幼穗诱导的愈伤组织,并对再生植