3MG-30型果园弥雾机的研制与试验

研制了一种与小四轮拖拉机配套的、适用于标准化果园植保作业的机载果园型弥雾机，对该机各项性能指标进行了试验与分析。试验结果表明，与其他类型喷头相比，按一定排列组合的空心雾锥喷头在与风机配合使用进行药液的2次雾化时具有更好的喷雾量分布和雾滴分布均匀性；小于35m/s的风机出口风速所产生的梯度气流使枝叶扭转与退让，并使雾滴的穿透性和树内沉积量增加，提高了作业质量和机组生产率。     

基于状态机的植物生长模型可视化研究

在分析植物生长形态生理变化的基础上,揭示植物生长时空状态的变化规律,提出基于状态机的植物生长模型,并引入随机矢量真实预测植物的生长。根据该模型构建植物生长的可视化算法,合理组织有关植物生长的数据,并开发一个原型系统验证了该模型的有效性。     

温室地下贮热系统设计研究

为了降低温室环境调控能耗。根据育苗不同阶段对气温与土壤温度的要求，设计了温室地下贮热系统，并阐述了系统的组成和贮热原理；同时，分析了各设计参数对系统贮热性能的影响。这样不仅为系统设计与理论分析奠定了基础，对其它类似地下贮热系统的设计、研究也具有参考意义。     

Effects of planting density on the productivity and water use of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) clones: I. Measurement of water use in young tea using sap flow meters with a stem heat balance method

Sap flow meters based on the stem heat balance method were used to measure the mass flow rates or water use in young potted tea (Camellia sinensis L.) plants of clones AHP S15/10 and BBK35. The meters were constructed on site and installed onto the stem or branch sections of field growing plants in an experiment originally designed to study the effects of plant population density and drought on the productivity and water use of young tea clones. The objective of the study was to use the SHB method as a first attempt to use sap flow meters for determining the water use of young tea growing in the field under well watered conditions in Tanzania. The results are reported and recommendation made for further work on using the technique.     

Past, present and future criteria to breed crops for water-limited environments in West Africa

Asia's Green Revolution of the 1960s and 1970s has largely bypassed West Africa, and “modern” (high-yielding, input responsive) germplasm for staple crops has found comparatively little adoption, except for systems that are have good access to markets and sufficient water resources. It is unlikely, however, that breeding objectives conserving traditional crop characteristics as found in extensive systems would have been more successful. The authors identify systems caught in the agricultural transition from subsistence to intensified, market-oriented production as the most important target for crop improvement, and provide examples of new breeding objectives for cowpea, sorghum and upland rice. In each of these cases, breeders, with the help of physiologists, have developed innovative plant-type concepts that combine improved yield potential and input responsiveness with specific traditional crop characteristics that remain essential during the agricultural transition. In the case of cowpea, dual-purpose varieties were developed that produce a good grain yield due to an erect plant habit, then produce new leaves enabling a second harvest of green foliage. For upland rice systems that are limited by labour (mainly needed to control weeds that abound due to shortened fallow periods), a weed competitive plant type was developed from Oryza sativa × Oryza glaberrima crosses. Lastly, sorghum breeders who had previously deselected photoperiod sensitivity are now re-inserting sensitivity into plants having “modern” architecture, in order to allow for flexible sowing dates while maintaining an agro-ecologically optimal time of flowering near the end of the wet season. The ecophysiological basis of these plant types, their place in current and future cropping systems, as well as the problem of under-funding for their realisation, are discussed.     

Evaluation of the RZWQM-CERES-Maize hybrid model for maize production

The root zone water quality model (RZWQM) was developed primarily for water quality research with a generic plant growth module primarily serving as a sink for plant nitrogen and water uptake. In this study, we coupled the CERES-Maize Version 3.5 crop growth model with RZWQM to provide RZWQM users with the option for selecting a more comprehensive plant growth model. In the hybrid model, RZWQM supplied CERES with daily soil water and nitrogen contents, soil temperature, and potential evapotranspiration, in addition to daily weather data. CERES-Maize supplied RZWQM with daily water and nitrogen uptake, and other plant growth variables (e.g., root distribution and leaf area index). The RZWQM-CERES hybrid model was evaluated with two well-documented experimental datasets distributed with DSSAT (Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer) Version 3.5, which had various nitrogen and irrigation treatments. Simulation results were compared to the original DSSAT-CERES-Maize model. Both models used the same plant cultivar coefficients and the same soil parameters as distributed with DSSAT Version 3.5. The hybrid model provided similar maize prediction in terms of yield, biomass and leaf area index, as the DSSAT-CERES model when the same soil and crop parameters were used. No overall differences were found between the two models based on the paired t test, suggesting successful coupling of the two models. The hybrid model offers RZWQM users access to a rigorous new plant growth model and provides CERES-Maize users with a tool to address soil and water quality issues under different cropping systems.     

地下凿岩设备的发展历程和趋势

论述了地下凿岩设备的发展历史、应用效果和发展趋势。     

RH植物液肥在茶苗上的应用效果

采用RH植物液肥800倍进行苗圃对比试验,结果表明：对茎粗、株高等性状有显著作用,茶苗生长较为健壮。     

竞争型指派问题的匈牙利方法

标准的指派问题以人员指派为例大都满足以下三个前提假设:人数等于任务数;每个人必须且只需完成一项任务;每项任务必须且只需一人去完成。但在实际应用中,大多的指派问题并不具备第一个假设,而第二个假设又显然不符合当今引进竞争机制后的企业、部门及社会的要求。针对以上弊端,张琳先生曾提出了竞争型指派问题,摒弃了前两个假设,从根本上拓广了标准指派问题的应用范畴。文章将重点提出竞争型指派问题的详细的算法—竞争型指派问题的匈牙利方法。     

核桃细菌性疫病菌特性及其与核桃内生菌的竞争作用

为了明确本实验室前期分离得到的一株核桃细菌性疫病菌Xaj DW3F3的相关特性及其与寄主内生菌的竞争能力。对该病原细菌进行了显微观察、生物膜形成测定,不同培养基上多糖和色素含量,以及18项生理生化指标测定。通过毛细管法和滴落法观察其趋化作用,并测试其与寄主内生菌的竞争能力。结果表明,病原菌DW3F3为杆状、极生鞭毛、有运动性并能形成生物膜。其在YPGA、King’B 和NA培养基上生长较好,产生多糖和色素较多。病原菌有较强的耐盐性,致死温度达60℃,对纤维素和淀粉都有较强的分解能力,对NaCl和寄主叶片表现出一定的趋性。在其与核桃叶部内生菌的共培养中表现出一定竞争优势。该病菌菌DW3F3有树生黄单胞菌核桃致病变种（Xanthomonas arboricola pv.juglandis,Xaj）的基本特征及致病相关特性,这些特征可能与其致病性强及病害难以控制有关。