小麦株高QTL的定位及对重要农艺性状的多效性分析

株高作为小麦育种的重要指标,对产量具有较大的影响。为进一步挖掘小麦株高的数量性状位点（quantitative trait loci,QTL）,本研究以扬麦12和偃展1号杂交得到的包含205个家系的重组自交系（recombinant inbred lines,RIL）群体为材料,利用小麦55K SNP芯片构建高密度遗传图谱,结合 3年共6个环境的表型数据对株高性状进行QTL定位分析。结果表明,在染色体2B（1）、4B（1）、4D（1）、5A（1）、5B（1）和7D（2）上共检测到7个与株高相关的QTL。QPh.yaas-4B、QPh.yaas-5A和QPh.yaas-7D.1的矮秆效应来源于扬麦12,其余4个QTL的矮秆效应来源于偃展1号。在6个环境下都能检测到的位点是QPh.yaas-4B和QPh.yaas-4D,对株高的贡献率分别14.50%~24.09%和19.01%~29.80%,经过比对发现,这2个QTL分别是Rht1和Rht2。QPh.yaas-5A在5个环境下被检测到,对株高的贡献率为3.29%~5.36%;QPh.yaas-2D和QPh.yaas-7D.2在4个环境中均被检测到,对株高的贡献率分别为3.45%~6.14%和3.16%~4.10%;QPh.yaas-5B和QPh.yaas-7D.1分别在2个和3个环境中被检测到,对株高的贡献率分别是2.27%~5.09%和2.72%~4.82%。QTL比较分析后发现,QPh.yaas-7D.1和QPh.yaas-7D.2可能是新的株高位点。研究Rht-B1和Rht-D1对千粒重、穗长和穗粒数的效应,发现Rht-B1位点对这些农艺性状无显著效应,Rht-D1位点仅对千粒重有显著效应,其株高增效等位变异可显著增加千粒重。在自然群体中验证Rht-B1和Rht-D1的效应结果与RIL群体结果一致。     

龙眼不同品种各营养器官多糖含量分析

分析比较了龙眼各营养器官之间、同品种不同结果母枝类型间、同品种不同植株之间、不同龙眼品种之间的多糖含量。结果表明:龙眼各营养器官皆含有多糖成分,且差异显著,依次为叶(4.575%)>新梢(1.928%)>枝条(1.644%)>根(0.918%);同一营养器官仅在不同成熟期的部分龙眼品种间多糖含量存在显著差异。     

长沙地区高校校园绿地的建设现状及发展对策

实地调查研究了湖南长沙地区高校绿化植物的应用现状。结果表明：7所高校共有绿化植物153种,其中乔木61种,占总数的39．86％,灌木53种,占总数的34．62％。评价了绿化树种的构成和配置方式,对调研中发现的问题进行了分析,并提出了深化校园绿地建设的建议对策。     

植物生长调节剂SHK-6对大豆叶片氮素代谢的调控效应

以鲁豆11号为材料,在大田条件下,研究了植物生长调节剂SHK-6号对大豆叶片氮素代谢调控的效应.结果表明:1)SHK-6处理提高了叶片蛋白质含量和改善了氨基酸组分;2)SHK -6处理增加了叶片中可溶性蛋白含量和游离氨基酸含量;3)SHK-6处理提高了各生育时期大豆主茎叶片中硝酸还原酶活性和硝态氮含量;同时,肽酶活性在初花期和盛荚期SHK-6处理均比对照低,而在盛花期(此期遇到干旱且高温)和子粒发育期均比对照高.     

百日草小孢子发育时期与花器形态的相关性

[目的]为百日草花药培养接种材料的选择提供理论依据。[方法]以3个百日草杂交品种（F1）为供试材料,对花蕾进行形态观测和细胞学观察,研究小孢子发育时期与花器形态的相关性。[结果]百日草小孢子发育经过4个时期：四分体时期、单核期、双核期、三核期,各时期均具有明显的细胞学特征。百日草小孢子发育时期与花蕾外部形态、花药颜色等密切相关。[结论]根据百日草花器官的形态特征可推断其小孢子的发育时期,从而确定花药培养的最佳取材时间。     

医药分子农业的受体系统评述

利用转基因植物以农业规模生产口服疫苗、植物抗体、药用蛋白的途径称为医药分子农业。随着医药分子农业的发展,可作为受体的植物的种类正逐步扩大。但对于一个特定的目标蛋白,选用何种受体植物更有利于外源蛋白的高效稳定表达和经济快捷的提纯,仍是需要首要考虑和解决的问题。本文结合最近的研究进展,阐述各类植物受体的特点及应用情况,以期为科学地确定医药分子农业的适宜植物受体系统提供参考。     

Microbial Composition before and after Conservation of Grass-Dominated Haylage Harvested Early,Middle, and Late in the Season

Haylage for horses is often harvested in late plant maturity, which could be associated with an increased risk of impaired hygienic quality in the forage and short aerobic storage stability after bale opening, but knowledge in this area is scant. An experiment was conducted in which the microbial composition was analyzed before and after conservation of primary growth haylage harvested early (June), middle (July), and late (August) in the season during 1 year. The counts of yeast, enterobacteria, and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in preconserved herbage increased with the advancing harvest time (P ≤ .02). After conservation, the August haylage had increased counts of enterobacteria (log 4.3 colony-forming unit [CFU]/g) and LAB (log 6.5 CFU/g), compared with the June and July haylage (log ≤1.7 CFU/g for enterobacteria and ≤5.7 CFU/g for LAB, P < .001). The yeast counts were the lowest in the June haylage (log 5.0 CFU/g) compared with the July and August haylage (log ≥6.3 CFU/g, P < .001). After conservation, the mold counts were lower in the June haylage and greater in the August haylage (P = .01). In the preconserved herbage, Cladosporium cladosporioides was the most common mold species in June but Fusarium poae was in July, and Mucor fragilis in August. After conservation, Penicillium carneum was the only species found in the June haylage, with M. circinelloides most frequently found in the July haylage and M. hiemalis and M. circinelloides found at similar frequencies in the August haylage. An advanced harvest time resulted in greater counts of enterobacteria, yeast, and LAB and an increased number of mold species in the conserved haylage. The aerobic storage stability of the opened haylage bales measured by temperature was similar among the harvests.     

课件制作在优化植物生理学教学中的应用

结合植物生理学的学科特点,探讨了课件制作在优化植物生理学教学中的应用,以期为优化植物生理学教学提供参考。     

基于植物能量功能群的草原植物光合作用研究

植物能量功能群是依植物能量属性进行的植物功能类群划分,植物通过光合作用将光能转变成化学能,蓄积在植物体内,为了探究不同的能量功能群是否会表现出光合作用特征的差异,用LI-6400型便携式全自动光合测定仪,在内蒙古锡林郭勒典型草原区,于7月底至8月初的植物生长旺盛期,测量了羊草(Leymus chinensis)、糙隐子...     

The impact of protozoa on the availability of bacterial nitrogen to plants

Summary Microbial N from ¹⁵N-labelled bacterial biomass was investigated in a microcosm experiment, in order to determine its availability to wheat plants. Sterilized soil was inoculated with either bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa alone or with a suspension of a natural bacterial population from the soil) or bacteria and protozoa to examine the impact of protozoa. Plant biomass, plant N, soil inorganic N and bacterial and protozoan numbers were determined after 14 and 35 days of incubation. The protozoa reduced bacterial numbers in soil by a factor of 8, and higher contents of soil inorganic N were found in their presence. Plant uptake of N increased by 20010 in the presence of protozoa. Even though the total plant biomass production was not affected, the shoot: root ratios increased in the presence of protozoa, which is considered to indicate an improved plant nutrient supply. The presence of protozoa resulted in a 65010 increase in mineralization and uptake of bacterial ¹⁵N by plants. This effect was more pronounced than the protozoan effect on N derived from soil organic matter. It is concluded that grazing by protozoa strongly stimulates the mineralization and turnover of bacterial N. The mineralization of soil organic N was also shown to be promoted by protozoa.Communication No. 9 of the Dutch Programme on Soil Ecology of Arable Farming Systems