苎麻悬浮细胞原生质体培养再生植株

苎麻品种浏阳大叶绿的子叶在含有２，４－Ｄ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ、ＫＴ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ的ＭＳＢ固体培养基上，形成愈伤组织。愈伤组织经３￣４次继代培养后作液体振荡培养，产生悬浮细胞系。从悬浮系分离的原生质体，只有以海藻酸钠包埋方式培养在ＫＭ８Ｐ培养基中，５０天左右才能形成肉眼可见的小愈伤组织。该愈伤组织在附加２，４－Ｄ０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ、６－ＢＡ０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ的ＭＳＢ生长培养基上增殖，然后转入附加６－ＢＡ２．０ｍｇ     

X射线灭活活体日本沼虾精子的初步研究

为检测X射线对日本沼虾精子的灭活效果,利用X射线对雄性日本沼虾进行不同时间的照射处理,将处理后的雄虾与刚完成生殖脱壳的雌虾交配。待雌虾产卵后,计数雌虾抱卵天数,并在显微镜下观察卵的畸形情况。X射线管照射强度为100 k V,5 m A,源距10 cm,照射时间为0、30、60、90、120 min。结果发现:照射30 min组的抱卵天数及卵的畸形率较0 min组无变化,卵的畸形率为0,卵能正常发育至孵化出膜。随着照射时间的增加,在30~90 min之间,雌虾抱卵天数逐渐减少,且所抱卵的畸形率呈上升趋势。照射120 min组的抱卵天数较90 min组变化不大,卵的畸形率达100%。在本试验照射时间范围(0~120 min)内,灭活日本沼虾精子遗传物质的最佳照射时间为90~120 min。     

基于稀土超磁致伸缩材料的微致动器设计

选择Terfenol-D作为微致动器主要材料，采用弹簧对GMM棒施加一定的预压力以获得较大的磁致伸缩应变，采用偏置磁场消除GMM棒的倍频现象并使之工作在线性段，对磁路进行了分析和优化设计。针对电磁线圈工作发热及涡流损耗引起的GMM棒温升，采取了强制水冷方法并专门设计了一个恒温冷却系统用以消除材料的热变形对致动精度的影响。     

三维复合材料复合裂纹特殊边界元法

利用两相复合材料位移基本解，将受复合载荷作用下复合材料三维裂纹问题，归为求解一组超奇异积分方程，并分析了对裂纹尖端应力奇性和方程组求解理论方法；进而以反映裂纹前沿应力奇性的密度函数基本解表示位移间断，根据Taylor积分及其特征展开特性，给出方程组数值求解方法；最后，以三维矩形裂纹为例，讨论了应力强度因子（SIFs）收敛性及其变化规律。     

复合材料模型分析加筋地基承载力

利用复合材料模型模拟加筋地基，按照土塑性力学分析加筋地基的变形和破坏，并按传统滑移线解法推导出浅基础加筋地基的承载力设计公式，利用实例比较探讨了本文方法与传统极限分析法的优缺点。     

卷带包装材料连续供送恒张力控制系统的设计

针对卷带包装材料在连续供送过程中存在的张力控制不稳定的问题,研究设计一种恒张力控制系统。以磁粉制动器作为执行元件,采用PID控制,建立了张力控制系统的数学模型,进行了仿真分析和控制系统的实验验证,结果证明,该系统响应速度快,达到了包装材料高速供送恒张力的要求。     

3MG-30型果园弥雾机的研制与试验

研制了一种与小四轮拖拉机配套的、适用于标准化果园植保作业的机载果园型弥雾机，对该机各项性能指标进行了试验与分析。试验结果表明，与其他类型喷头相比，按一定排列组合的空心雾锥喷头在与风机配合使用进行药液的2次雾化时具有更好的喷雾量分布和雾滴分布均匀性；小于35m/s的风机出口风速所产生的梯度气流使枝叶扭转与退让，并使雾滴的穿透性和树内沉积量增加，提高了作业质量和机组生产率。     

基于状态机的植物生长模型可视化研究

在分析植物生长形态生理变化的基础上,揭示植物生长时空状态的变化规律,提出基于状态机的植物生长模型,并引入随机矢量真实预测植物的生长。根据该模型构建植物生长的可视化算法,合理组织有关植物生长的数据,并开发一个原型系统验证了该模型的有效性。     

Effects of planting density on the productivity and water use of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) clones: I. Measurement of water use in young tea using sap flow meters with a stem heat balance method

Sap flow meters based on the stem heat balance method were used to measure the mass flow rates or water use in young potted tea (Camellia sinensis L.) plants of clones AHP S15/10 and BBK35. The meters were constructed on site and installed onto the stem or branch sections of field growing plants in an experiment originally designed to study the effects of plant population density and drought on the productivity and water use of young tea clones. The objective of the study was to use the SHB method as a first attempt to use sap flow meters for determining the water use of young tea growing in the field under well watered conditions in Tanzania. The results are reported and recommendation made for further work on using the technique.     

Past, present and future criteria to breed crops for water-limited environments in West Africa

Asia's Green Revolution of the 1960s and 1970s has largely bypassed West Africa, and “modern” (high-yielding, input responsive) germplasm for staple crops has found comparatively little adoption, except for systems that are have good access to markets and sufficient water resources. It is unlikely, however, that breeding objectives conserving traditional crop characteristics as found in extensive systems would have been more successful. The authors identify systems caught in the agricultural transition from subsistence to intensified, market-oriented production as the most important target for crop improvement, and provide examples of new breeding objectives for cowpea, sorghum and upland rice. In each of these cases, breeders, with the help of physiologists, have developed innovative plant-type concepts that combine improved yield potential and input responsiveness with specific traditional crop characteristics that remain essential during the agricultural transition. In the case of cowpea, dual-purpose varieties were developed that produce a good grain yield due to an erect plant habit, then produce new leaves enabling a second harvest of green foliage. For upland rice systems that are limited by labour (mainly needed to control weeds that abound due to shortened fallow periods), a weed competitive plant type was developed from Oryza sativa × Oryza glaberrima crosses. Lastly, sorghum breeders who had previously deselected photoperiod sensitivity are now re-inserting sensitivity into plants having “modern” architecture, in order to allow for flexible sowing dates while maintaining an agro-ecologically optimal time of flowering near the end of the wet season. The ecophysiological basis of these plant types, their place in current and future cropping systems, as well as the problem of under-funding for their realisation, are discussed.