大白菜子叶离体培养再生植株

 探讨了植物激素、AgNO₃ 和琼脂浓度对大白菜子叶培养芽再生和植株再生的影响。结果表明:优化培养基条件为MS 培养基中加入5 mg / L BA、0. 5 mg/ L NAA、2 mg/ L AgNO₃ 和1. 2%~ 1. 6 %琼脂。培养过程中, 子叶的乙烯释放量对芽再生起很重要的作用, 具有高芽再生率的基因型或高浓度琼脂的培养条件下, 子叶产生的乙烯量较少。培养基中有AgNO₃ 存在时, 尽管子叶的乙烯释放量增加, 芽再生率也有提高。对子叶的乙烯释放量和不定芽再生的关系进行了讨论。     

核桃早实性状的RAPD分析

 用BSA (Bulked Segregant Analysis) 法获得了与核桃早实性状相关的RAPD 标记OPB208₉₀₀。混合分离群体的混合样来自早实品种辽1 的自然授粉实生后代。用220 个随机引物扩增早实和晚实混合样, 只有引物OPB208 ( 5. GTCCACACGG 3. ) 在早实混合样及其个体上扩增出了约900 bp 的特异带OPB208₉₀₀, 而在晚实混合样及其个体上无此特异带。用OPB208 为引物, 以19 个品种和3 个株系的DNA 为模板进行扩增,特异带OPB208₉₀₀在17 个早实品种中的12 个个体上出现, 而5 个晚实品种( 系) 上均无此带。     

红肉脐橙(Citrus sinensis L.)果肉中特征色素提取方法探索

红肉脐橙是目前为止惟一果肉呈粉红色或红色的脐橙,其呈色色素尚未见报道。为深入研究其果肉中特征色素的构成及在果实生长发育和贮存过程中色素含量的变化,本研究在对该色素初步定性的基础上对提取方法进行了探索。在分析红肉脐橙果肉中色素萃取液的紫外可见吸收光谱时发现,该色素有类胡萝卜素的特征吸收峰,将萃取液进行薄层层析则进一步证实其内含有番茄红素。在色素提取的前处理方式上,本研究认为冷冻干燥样品的浸提效果较真空干燥的样品稳定(变异系数小),且浸提率相差无几,所以选择冷冻干燥作为合适的样品前处理方式。色素浸提条件的正交实验结果表明,最佳浸提条件为50℃、1.5h内浸提4次,浸提的料液比为1:60。此外,浸提温度、浸提时间、浸提料液比和浸提次数对浸提率都有显著影响,影响最大的因素是浸提温度,最佳温度为50℃,随温度降低浸提率显著降低。其次是侵提时间的长短,最佳浸提时间为1.5h,延长或缩短0.5h都会使浸提率下降。浸提次数对浸提率的影响是最小的。     

黄花蒿粗提物对几种害虫拒食性的初步研究

以黄花镐为原料进行浸提，经生物活性测定，结果表明黄花蒿Artenisia annua L.粗提物对供试的6种害虫均具有拒食性。其中对黑翅土白蚁Odontotermes formosanus Shiraki、赤拟谷盗Thibolium castaneum Herbst、谷蠹Rhizopertha dominica Fabricius拒食性极强，对棉蚜Aphis gossypii Glover、棉红蜘蛛Tetranychus urticae Koch及豇豆荚螟Etiella zinckenella Treitschke 也具有较强的巨食性。使用黄花蒿粗提物时，以稀释500倍和800倍效果最好，处理与对照之间有极显著差异。     

Differential Responses to Pea Bacterial Blight in Stems, Leaves and Pods Under Glasshouse and Field Conditions

Resistance to pea bacterial blight (Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi) in different plant parts was assessed in 19 Pisum sativum cultivars and landraces, carrying race-specific resistance genes (R-genes) and two Pisum abyssinicum accessions carrying race-nonspecific resistance. Stems, leaves and pods were inoculated with seven races of P. s. pv. pisi under glasshouse conditions. For both race-specific and nonspecific resistance, a resistant response in the stem was not always associated with resistance in leaf and pod. Race-specific genes conferred stem resistance consistently, however, there was variability in the responses of leaves and pods which depended on the matching R-gene and A-gene (avirulence gene in the pathogen) combination. R2 generally conferred resistance in all plant parts. R3 or R4 singly did not confer complete resistance in leaf and pod, however, R3 in combination with R2 or R4 enhanced leaf and pod resistance. Race-nonspecific resistance conferred stem resistance to all races, leaf and pod resistance to races 2, 5 and 7 and variable reactions in leaves and pods to races 1, 3, 4 and 6.Disease expression was also studied in the field under autumn/winter conditions. P. sativum cultivar, Kelvedon Wonder (with no R genes), and two P. abyssinicum accessions, were inoculated with the most frequent races in Europe under field conditions (2, 4 and 6). Kelvedon Wonder was very susceptible to all three races, whereas P. abyssinicum was much less affected. The combination of disease resistance with frost tolerance in P. abyssinicum enabled plants to survive through the winter. A breeding strategy combining race-nonspecific resistance derived from P. abyssinicum with race-specific R-genes should provide durable resistance under severe disease pressure.     

Approach of allelopathy study with Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Hevnh. and Neurospora crassa

Allelopathy in Arabidopsis seeds was investigated in the present study because there are few available reports of allelopathy studies regarding the early development stage of the plant life cycle, and because Arabidopsis is widely used as a model plant for molecular biology. When cockscomb ( Celosia cristata ) was incubated together with Arabidopsis seeds, the growth of cockscomb was promoted by Arabidopsis seeds. Exudate of Arabidopsis seeds showed a promotive activity on the growth of cockscomb and Arabidopsis itself. A new method for studying allelopathic mechanisms involving the interaction of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Hevnh. and the fungus Neurospora crassa was suggested. Arabidopsis seed exudate and the water-soluble fraction of the exudate promoted Arabidopsis growth and reduced fungal germination, indicating that the seed exudate has a species-selective activity. Conversely, the ethylacetate-soluble fraction inhibited growth of all tested materials in the current study. These results demonstrate that the water-soluble substance(s) released from Arabidopsis seeds have species-selective activity on growth of both plants and microorganisms.     

云南金丝桃属植物资源的调查研究

 通过对云南分布的金丝桃属植物资源系统调查和资料整理，研究了该属植物在云南的地理分布及24种金丝桃的观赏性状及其资源状况，提出其持续合理开发利用的建议及措施。     

琯溪蜜柚光合特性的研究

 利用Li-6400 光合作用仪对田间条件下7 年生琯溪蜜柚的光合特性进行了系统研究。结果表明: (1) 琯溪蜜柚外围叶片晴天的净光合速率(P_n) 日变化为双峰曲线, 首峰出现在8～10 时, 次峰值小于首峰值, 出现在14 时以后; 阴天呈单峰曲线; 内膛叶片P_n 日变化有双峰、单峰和锯齿形3 种类型。(2)观测期内P_n季节变化近似双峰曲线。(3) 不同月份和不同枝条叶片Pn 对光和CO₂ 响应有较大差别, 光补偿点和饱和点分别为16～46 和1 026～1 656μmol·m^-2·s^-1 , 表观量子效率0.01725～0.05431 ; CO₂ 补偿点和饱和点分别为51～80 和822～926μmol·mol ^-1 , 羧化效率0.01769～0.05191 ;P_n对CO₂ 的响应进程近似双曲线。(4) P_n与气孔导度、蒸腾速率、光照强度正相关, 与胞间CO₂ 浓度负相关, 与温度、湿度和叶面水气压亏缺的相关性比较复杂。(5) P_n 与叶片的叶绿素含量和比叶重之间没有明显相关性。(6) 光合适温为24～34 ℃。     

萝卜离体再生的影响因素

对影响萝卜离体再生的因素进行了研究,结果表明,不同基困型材料均以带柄子叶的再生频率最高;不同基因型材料所需的最适激素浓度和配比不同,在一定范围内提高6-BA浓度可促进不定芽的分化;苯基脲类细胞分裂素TDZ与嘌呤型细胞分裂素6-BA和KT相比,对促进萝卜不定芽分化的效果更好;AgNO_3可显著提高不定芽再生频率;NAA诱导生根的效果优于IAA。