芦荟蒽醌类物质对紫外线照射下洋葱和大蒜根尖细胞分裂的影响

以大蒜和洋葱为试材,研究了用波长为308nm的UV-B辐射灯照射,不涂抹芦荟蒽醌类物质;先涂抹芦荟蒽醌类物质,再进行UV-B照射;先进行UV-B照射,然后再涂抹芦荟蒽醌类物质,通过根尖压片法观察根尖细胞分裂过程等方式下洋葱和大蒜根尖细胞分裂的影响,根尖在自然条件下生长,不经UV-B辐射灯照射为对照(CK).结果表明:经紫外线照射过的洋葱和大蒜根尖细胞中出现了畸形核、染色体桥、落后染色体、游离染色体等异常现象.但先涂抹芦荟蒽醌类物质,然后进行UV-B照射的一组,根尖细胞中的异常现象明显减少.说明芦荟叶中的蒽醌类等次生代谢物质有屏蔽紫外线辐射、防止紫外线辐射伤害的功能.     

大蒜精油对灰茶尺蠖的室内毒力及田间防效

采用大蒜精油对灰荼尺蠖进行了室内及田间药效试验,结果表明大蒜精油对灰茶尺蠖的致死中浓度(LC50)为1038.60 mg/L,50％大蒜精油100～250倍液对灰荼尺蠖低龄幼虫具有良好的速效性和持效性,建议生产中可在灰茶尺蠖1～2龄幼虫发生期喷施100～250倍液大蒜精油.这一结果为开发大蒜精油作为茶树主要害虫的新型低...     

豌豆根腐病研究进展

根腐病是豌豆根部的重要病害之一,在世界各地豌豆产区均有发生,是制约豌豆产业持续健康发展的因素之一。世界上尚未发现对根腐病完全免疫的豌豆品种,防治方法主要以农业防治和化学防治为主。本文从豌豆根腐病的发生与分布、病原菌的分类及特点、抗性鉴定及评价标准、种质资源、分子标记及防治策略等方面对国内外豌豆根腐病研究现状进行综述。并提出抗病育种和未来豌豆根腐病综合防治的研究方向。     

磺酰脲类除草剂药害规律的研究

采用作物主根长法测定了常用两种磺酰脲类除草剂对玉米（Zea mays L.)农大1236和豌豆（Pisum sativum L.）中碗6号的相对毒力，玉米试验结果表明，以IC50值比较，氯磺隆、胺苯磺隆对玉米的毒力较高，容易造成药害。豌豆试验结果表明，豌豆对氯磺隆和胺苯磺隆比玉米更敏感。离体玉米和豌豆ALS酶的研究表明，豌豆的ALS对两种磺酰脲类除草剂较玉米更敏感，氯磺隆对两种作物的ALS抑制作用也较胺苯磺隆强。     

The use of RAPD technique for the identification and classification of Pisum sativum L. genotypes

Summary The genomic DNAs of 42 Pisum sativum genotypes, representing four wild and cultivated subspecies were used as templates in RAPD reactions. Amplification with eight decamer primers generated 149 polymorphic products. Genetic similarities of RAPD profiles were estimated via a coefficient of Jaccard and then the data were processed by cluster analysis (UPGMA). Each genotype was clearly identified and separated from the others. Our results show that RAPD technology is a rapid, precise and sensitive technique for identification of pea genotypes. However, the phylogenetic relationships within the Pisum sativum, which we tested by bootstrap analysis (Wagner parsimony), must be interpreted with caution.     

大蒜花芽分化的细胞组织学研究

从解剖学及细胞组织学角度对大蒜花序及花的发育进行了系统观察。结果表明：大蒜在７叶１心时开始花序分化。花序轴基部先产生３枚总苞叶原基，同时顶端分化出顶花原基。顶花原基形成后，整个花序轴分为３～４个分生组织区，之后每个分生组织区顶端再产生１个花原基，并分为３～４个小区，如此反复进行多次，最终组成聚伞类伞形花序。花原基初形成时为球形，不久引长成棒状，在其顶端依次分化出外轮花被片原基和外轮雄蕊原基，内轮花被片原基和内轮雄蕊原基，心皮原基和胚珠原基。文中还对大蒜花序及花分化中的特殊现象进行了初步研究，分析了大蒜不能结实的原因，以期为大蒜有性生殖提供理论依据。     

Comparative Genomics for Gene Isolation in Legumes

The similarity in gene order between closely related taxa suggests that genomic information from model systems should facilitate gene isolation and characterization in target crops. If this is the case, a great deal of effort and investment can be saved by focusing attention on a few model systems that have appropriate applicability. Pea （Pisura sativum） provides a good test case： its genome is large and the insertion sites for repetitive elements, which comprise the bulk of its genome, are highly polymorphic （Jing et al., 2005; Vershinin et al., 2003）, so we expect a great deal of structural polymorphism between the genomes of Pisum lines. Yet the genetic map of Pisum is essentially coUinear with Medicago （Choi et al., 2004; Kalo et al., 2004）.     

Relation between cropping frequency of peas and other legumes and foot and root rot in peas

The relation between the frequency of legume crops in a rotation and the root rot severity in pea was examined in a field survey. Additionally, greenhouse experiments were performed with soil samples from legume rotation trials or from farmers' fields. The frequency of pea crops in current rotations proved to be much less than the recommended value of one in six years. The correlation between pea root rot and the number of years that pea or other legumes were not grown on the field under consideration (called crop interval) was weak. Root rot severity correlated better with the frequency of peas or legumes in general over a period of 18 years, but the frequency still explained only a minor fraction of the variation in disease index. Some experimental data pointed to the occurrence of a highly specific pathogen microflora with continuous cropping of only one legume species, but this phenomenon probably does not occur in farmers' fields. In field samples, root disease index for pea correlated well with that for field bean. The survival of resting structures of pathogens such asAphanomyces euteiches probably explains why the frequency of legume cropping has a higher impact than crop interval on root disease incidence. Pea-free periods and legume frequencies have a poor predictive value for crop management purposes.     

Pea extracellular Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase responsive to signal molecules from a fungal pathogen

We previously reported that the release of O₂ ⁻ from isolated pea cell walls was enhanced by a 70-kDa glycoprotein elicitor but was suppressed by mucin-type glycopeptide suppressors (supprescins A and B) prepared from pycnospore germination fluid of Mycosphaerella pinodes, causal agent of Mycosphaerella blight of pea. Here, we show that superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the apoplast fluid/cell wall of pea seedlings responds to the fungal elicitor and suppressor molecules. In a pharmacological study and with internal amino acid sequencing, the apoplastic SOD in a pea cultivar Midoriusui was found to be a Cu/Zn type SOD. We cloned a full-length cDNA of the Cu/Zn-SOD and designated it as PsCu/Zn-SOD1. An increase in PsCu/Zn-SOD1 mRNA and the PsCu/Zn-SOD1 protein was induced by treatment with the elicitor more intensively than by wounding. Such induction by the elicitor or wounding, however, was inhibited by the concomitant presence of supprescins. The SOD activity of recombinant PsCu/Zn-SOD1 was regulated directly by these signal molecules in a manner similar to their effect on the SOD activity in the apoplastic fluid and in the cell wall-bound proteins. Based on these findings, we discuss a role for PsCu/Zn-SOD1 in the pea defense response. The nucleotide sequence data of PsCu/Zn-SOD1 reported are available in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases under accession number AB189165.