森林培育措施对人工林红松木材力学性质的影响

森林培育措施是影响人工林木材材质的重要因素之一 ,木材力学性质是表明木材品质的主要因素 (成俊卿 ,1985 ) ,为实现林木定向培育 ,达到速生优质的目标 ,必须了解各种培育措施对木材各种性质的影响规律(Zobeletal.,1989;李坚等 ,1993)。人工林红松 (Pinuskoraiensis)是我国东北地区重要用材树种 (丁宝永等 ,1994 ) ,木材力学性质是由木材的生长速率、晚材率、木材密度及管胞的形态特征决定的 ,因此本文是在林分的生长速率、木材晚材率、木材密度及管胞的形态特征的影响基础上 (郭明辉 ,2 0 0 1;2 0 0 3)探索不同培育措施下人工林红松木材…     

Anatomic Study of Female Sterility of Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.

The anatomic research on the mutant clone of Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.in the seed orchard in Xingcheng,Liaoning Provinces was carried out.The female cone of the mutant clone looked like normal,but its ovules degenerated in early stage.This paper trics to find out the reason and time of ovule abortion.It seems that the ovule abortion is probably caused by female sterility because the microspores of this mutant clone were normal.Through the serial observations on the one-year-old macrosporangiates and the ovules of two-year-old female cones of mutant and normal clone,it is found that the reason of ovule abortion in mutant clone is the failure of the mitosis of free nuclei in the female gametophyte,and the time is about in the early April.     

油松纯林乔木层碳密度影响因子分析

分析了影响中国油松林碳密度的各因子的作用,结果显示,在油松林适生的温度范围内,低温、高降雨量更有利于其积累碳素;随着林龄的增大,气温和降雨量对碳密度的影响作用逐渐减小;天然林和人工林碳密度预测模型分别为：C=-5．107×T＋0．079XR＋1．263XA（R^2=0．895）;C=-3．319×T＋0．010×R＋2．220×A（R^2=0．934）．     

Evaluation of regeneration potential of Pinus koraiensis in mixed pine-hardwood forests in the Xiao Xing’an Mountains, China

Large scale harvest of Korean pine(Pinus koraiensis) seeds as a food product in the mixed Korean pine-hardwood forest of northeastern China poses a serious threat to the sustainability and restoration of this endangered regional ecosystem.Seed collection over past decades greatly reduced the seed bank and subsequent seedling and sapling recruitment,and impacting a wide array of granivorous animals that rely on the pine seeds.We surveyed Korean pine seeds,including solid seeds(SS),insect consumed seeds(ICS) and other(animal) consumed(OCS) kernels,of the seed bank(forest floor and the top 10 cm of mineral soil),the seedlings and saplings from 1 m 2 sample plots in five forest types in Liangshui Nature Reserve(LNR) of the southern Xiao Xing’an Mountains in northeastern China to provide accurate information for assessing the Korean pine regeneration potential.The average number of pine seeds in the seed bank were 11.2 seeds/m 2,9.1 seeds/m 2,4.6 seeds/m 2,1.1 seeds/m 2,and 0.2 seeds/m 2 in Korean pine-basswood forest,mixed Korean pine-hardwood forest,mixed conifer-hardwood forest,white birch forests,and oak forests,respectively.In the first three forest types,percentages of SS(potentially viable seeds) were 11.2%,3.5% and 27.8%,respectively.The percentages of ICS(not viable seeds) were consistent at around 35%.The higher but variable percentages of OCS(not viable seeds) indicated high seed predation in these forests.Compared with other studies,we recorded higher percentages of seed damage,probably due to our survey approach and the increased depth of seed bank sampled in our study.Depletion of pine seeds in the seed bank greatly reduced seedling and sapling recruitment.Densities of pine seedlings varied from about 180 trees/ha in the mixed Korean pine-hardwood forest to about 5,400 trees/ha in the mixed conifer-hardwood forests and showed a high degree of spatial variation.Saplings were rare in the mixed Korean pine-hardwood forest,but ranged in the thousands in other forests.Large scale pine seed harvest has seriously threatened the sustainability of the mixed Korean pine-hardwood forest ecosystem.Scaling down the seed harvest or supplemental planting of pine saplings are urgently needed to maintain the health of the existing Korean pine forests and to restore this endangered ecosystem.     

桥山林区樟子松容器育苗关键技术

根据桥山林区立地条件和樟子松的生物学特性,结合实践经验,从种子选择与处理、圃地选择与整理、播种、圃地管理等环节,提出了桥山林区樟子松容器育苗技术。     

Predicting lumber grade and by-product yields for Scots pine trees

The purpose of this study was to develop models for estimating yields of lumber grades and by-products of individual Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees using stem and crown dimensions as explanatory variables. Two separate data sets were used: (1) one simulated by the process-based growth model, PipeQual, which provides information about stem form and branch properties. The model was used to predict the 3D structure of Scots pine stems from thinning regimes of varying intensity and rotation periods and (2) an empirical data set with detailed 3D measurements of stem structure. The stems were sawn using the WoodCim sawing simulator and the yields and grades of the individual sawn pieces, as well as by-products, were recorded. The sawn timber was classified on A, B, C and D-grades for side and centre boards separately (Nordic Timber grading). By-products were pulpwood, sawmill chips, sawdust and bark.     

云南省思茅松林碳储量动态变化研究

依据云南省历次森林资源清查数据,采用云南省林业调查规划院建立的思茅松生物量与蓄积量模型和碳系数,计算各调查年份的生物量和碳储量,分析云南省39年来思茅松林碳储量、碳密度变化情况。结果表明,思茅松幼龄林碳储量变化趋势为稳中略升,碳密度变化趋势为稳步增大;中龄林碳储量急剧减少,碳密度略有降低;近熟林碳储量稳步增加,碳密度小幅提升;成熟林碳储量变化趋势为减少,碳密度变化趋势为增大;过熟林碳储量变化趋势为减少,碳密度变化趋势为增加。人工林碳储量总体变化趋势为增加,碳密度总体变化趋势为小幅增加;天然林碳储量总体变化趋势为下降,碳密度总体变化趋势为增加。思茅松龄组、起源等结构上的变化趋势有增有减、有升有降,但生物量和碳储量的总体变化趋势为减少,碳密度呈上升趋势。     

Litter decomposition and the degradation of recalcitrant components in Pinus massoniana plantations with various canopy densities

To understand the decomposition characteristics of Pinus massoniana foliar litter and the degradation of its refractory compounds in plantations under five canopy densities,a litter bag experiment over a decomposition time of 392 days was carried out.The results show that canopy density significantly affected decomposition rates of litter and degradation rate of lignin and cellulose.Litter decomposition rates decreased significantly with decreasing canopy density.Both lignin and cellulose degradation rates were lower with canopy densities of 0.62 and 0.74 as compared with the three other densities.Lignin and cellulose losses were more rapid in the first 118 days.Soil fauna had significant impacts on litter decomposition and the degradation of refractory compounds.Canopy density had significant effects on factors such as soil properties and soil fauna community structure,which could be conducive to the decomposition of litter and the degradation of litter recalcitrant components.Canopy density between 0.6 and 0.7 might be a favorable management practice promoting litter decomposition and beneficial for the sustainable development of P.massoniana plantations.     

木兰围场陡坡地段油松与樟子松造林生长状况比较研究

通过对木兰围场陡坡地段油松与樟子松造林存活率与生长状况进行的比较研究,结果表明:(1)2种林分中油松存活率较高,达93.01%,樟子松存活率为86.34%,二者的存活率均处于较高的水平;(2)樟子松人工林的平均地径较大,达5.51cm,而油松人工林地径较小,为4.82cm;(3)樟子松人工林的平均树高较大,达182cm,而油松人工林平均树高较小,为161cm。木兰围场陡坡地段环境更有利于樟子松的树高生长。     

美国火炬松优良家系引种试验研究

从美国引入火炬松种子园自由授粉的３３个优良家系进行引种试验。结果表明：家系间树高，胸径、单株材积生长量差异显著，经ＬＳＤ比较选择，仅有６个家系单株材积生长量优于商品种；家系前－后期树高生长相关性显著；家系的遗传力大于单株的遗传力。结果还显示，引进经人工选择的优良家系，还需经过引种区测试，并注意选择最适种源区，方能用于育种与生产。