菠萝粉蚧种类调查及发生规律研究

菠萝粉蚧是为害菠萝的粉蚧的统称,是菠萝凋萎病的主要传播媒介,本文对我国菠萝粉蚧的种类和发生规律进行了研究.结果表明:在我国,为害菠萝的粉蚧主要是菠萝洁粉蚧,仅在海南乐东菠萝园发现有新菠萝灰粉蚧危害;菠萝洁粉蚧目前仅限在菠萝上为害;新菠萝灰粉蚧主要为害剑麻,也为害菠萝和粉蕉;我国暂未发现2种粉蚧混合发生的现象.秋季是雷州半岛地区菠萝洁粉蚧自然种群快速增长期,12月下旬菠萝洁粉蚧自然种群数量进入高峰期;气温和降雨量是影响菠萝洁粉蚧自然种群增长的重要因子,高温、低温均不利于菠萝洁粉蚧生长和繁殖,降雨量对菠萝洁粉蚧的自然种群数量具有明显的抑制作用.     

Development of a formulation of Trichoderma asperellum to control black rot disease on pineapple caused by (Thielaviopsis paradoxa)

A local isolate of Trichoderma asperellum was tested for its antagonistic activity against Thielaviopsis paradoxa (telemorph = Ceratocyctis paradoxa). The highest antagonistic activity was achieved when the concentration of T. asperellum conidia was 1 × 10⁷ conidia/mL. The highest biomass and number of colony forming unit/mL of the T. asperellum peaked at 144 h after incubation in yeast waste residue medium. The minimum inhibition concentration value of the formulation was observed as 1% on growth of Th. paradoxa incubated at 28 ± 2 °C for 10 d. In the soil fungicide-screening test, the effect of concentrations 100-1600 μg/mL on mycelia growth was not significant (P < 0.05). Complete mycelial growth inhibition occurred at concentration above 52,600 μg/mL. Results of the fruit application tests clearly showed that all treated fruits were free of disease at the end of the incubation period. No significant differences (P > 0.05) in pH, total soluble solids and titratable acidity were observed between fruits treated with formulation of T. asperellum and the control formulation treated pineapples.     

离子色谱法测定贮藏期间菠萝果实的有机酸变化

采用离子色谱法对贮藏期间菠萝(品种‘巴厘’)果实中的有机酸进行有效分离与测定,分析条件为:IonPacAS11-HC(4×250 mm)阴离子分离柱,柱温30℃,抑制型电导检测器,NaOH溶液作为淋洗液进行梯度测试,流速1.5 mL/min。结果表明,菠萝果实中的有机酸以柠檬酸为主,其次为苹果酸,且贮藏期间柠檬酸和总酸的含量呈先上升再下降的趋势。     

福建省菠萝生产主要品种介绍

简述我国菠萝生产发展现状,并介绍了近年来福建省菠萝生产上使用的主要传统品种和引进品种的特征特性及种植表现.     

The effects of concentrate added to pineapple (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Ananas Comosus linn. Mer.</Emphasis>) waste silage in differing ratios to form complete diets,on digestion,excretion of urinary purine derivatives and blood metabolites in growing,male, Thai swamp buffaloes

Four, male, growing Thai swamp buffaloes (197 ± 5.3 kg and all 1 year old) were used to evaluate the effects of concentrate added to pineapple waste silage in differing ratios, to form a complete diet, studying in vivo digestion, the rate of passage, microbial protein synthesis and blood metabolites. Animals were fed ad libitum with 4 diets, using four combinations of pineapple waste silage (P) and concentrate (C), in the proportions (on a dry matter basis) of 0.8:0.2 (P80:C20), 0.6:0.4 (P60:C40), 0.4:0.6 (P40:C60) and 0.2:0.8 (P20:C80). The results showed that the intakes of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), nitrogen (N), the N-balance, urinary purine derivatives (PD) excretion, the ratios of allantoin to creatinine (CR), PD to CR, the plasma urea-N (PUN) and insulin increased in the animals, but the intake of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), the coefficient of whole tract, apparent digestibility of NDF, the transit time (TT) and the mean retention time (TMRT) decreased, when the proportion of concentrate in the diet increased. This study indicated that the proportion of P40:C60 in the diet produced the best efficiency of urinary PD excretion (mmol) per digestible OM intake (kg DOMI).     

菠萝自动采摘机的结构设计

提出了对菠萝实现自动采摘的总体结构方案,主要由机架部分、采摘部分、刀具升降部分、动力传动部分、果实输送部分等组成,并对各部分结构设计作了进一步阐述。为便于进行结构上的干涉检查以及动力学特性研究,建立了基于SolidWorks的菠萝采摘机主体结构三维模型,主要研究了导果槽细部结构对采摘后菠萝运动轨迹的影响规律,优化了导果槽的结构参数。     

Evaluation of shelf-life of fresh-cut pineapple using FT-NIR and FT-IR spectroscopy

The aim of this work was to investigate the loss of freshness of fresh-cut pineapple samples stored at different temperatures using non-destructive spectroscopic methods. Three lots of fresh cut pineapples (Ananas comosus L. cv. Golden Ripe, from Costa Rica), packaged in PVC trays (250 g) were analyzed during storage at three different temperatures (5.3, 8.6 and 15.8 °C). Loss of quality of these fruit was evaluated by chemical and microbiological parameters and using NIR and MIR spectroscopy. The FT-NIR spectra were acquired in reflectance mode directly on the slice of fresh-cut pineapple, over the range 12,500–3900 cm⁻¹, while FT-IR spectra were collected over the range 4000–700 cm⁻¹ using an horizontal ATR cell. Some chemical and microbiological parameters were also measured. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to the second derivative of the spectra to uncover molecular modifications occurring over the storage time. A clear discrimination between “fresh” and “old” samples was obtained and a stability time corresponding to the time of the initial loss of freshness was defined at each temperature. The stability times revealed by NIR spectroscopy were in good accordance with those evaluated by MIR. At each temperature the stability times (i.e. the initial loss of freshness times) defined by spectroscopic techniques (4–5 d at 5.3 °C, 3–4 d at 8.6 °C and 1 d at 15.8 °C) were associated with a mesophilic bacteria count ranging between 10⁵ and 10⁶ CFU g⁻¹ and lower than the maximum limit for mesophilic bacteria (<5 × 10⁷ CFU g⁻¹) given by French hygienic regulations at consumption.These results show that NIR and MIR spectroscopy could support conventional techniques (chemical and microbiological analysis) in studying shelf-life of fresh-cut fruit. In particular these techniques define the initial loss of freshness time, indicating a product which rapidly will be no longer acceptable if stored beyond that time. The main advantage of using IR spectroscopic techniques is to rapidly draw a profile of the product related to its change in quality.     

菠萝果实香气成分多样性研究

对12份菠萝品种的果实香气成分采用聚类分析和主成分分析方法进行多样性研究。结果表明:不同品种菠萝果实香气成分种类含量变化差异较大,聚类分析在相关系数距离19时,分为4个类群;主成分分析显示120种挥发性成分简化得到3个主成分包含27个香气成分,综合得分显示密宝菠萝最高。本研究结果可对菠萝果实香气品质进行评价,有助于加快菠萝选育种进程。     

包装对菠萝黑心病和品质的影响

以国内主栽品种巴厘的夏季果为试材,研究不同包装材料对菠萝黑心病及相关品质指标的影响。结果表明:0.02 mm聚乙烯、0.03 mm聚氯乙烯、0.05 mm聚氯乙烯包装均可降低贮藏菠萝的失重率,减少黑心病的发生率。贮藏15 d时,不同包装菠萝的可溶性固形物、维生素C、可滴定酸、可溶性蛋白含量无显著差异,但0.05 mm聚氯乙烯薄膜包装可维持可溶性总糖含量,因此,0.05 mm聚氯乙烯包装菠萝能更好地保持其品质。     

水心病菠萝果实生理指标和内源激素含量变化

为了解水心病菠萝果实生理指标和内源激素含量的变化特征,本研究以菠萝主栽品种‘巴厘’为材料,采用液质联用（LC-MS）、高效液相色谱（HPLC）等方法测定了不同发病程度的水心病菠萝果实中主要内源激素、单糖、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸和维生素C（Vc）、丙二醛（MDA）含量及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性,并分析了水心病发病程度、内源激素和抗氧化酶活性间的相关性。结果表明,不同发病程度水心病菠萝可溶性固形物、Vc和糖含量、SOD和POD酶活性以及内源激素玉米素（ZT）、茉莉酸（JA）和脱落酸（ABA）含量均比对照显著下降,且随着发病程度的加深下降幅度增加;不同发病程度水心病菠萝CAT酶活性、MDA含量和SA含量较对照显著提高;可滴定酸含量、果糖和葡萄糖含量在轻度发病果中含量较对照明显增加,在中度发病果中含量显著降低,而1-氨基环丙烷羧酸（ACC）含量变化趋势与其刚好相反。相关分析表明,菠萝水心病病害级别与内源激素ZT、JA和ABA含量呈显著负相关,相关系数分别为-0.98、-0.98和-0.94;与SA含量呈显著正相关,相关系数为0.93。一方面水心病降低了菠萝果实糖酸比和Vc含量,导致果实品质下降;另一方面菠萝通过调节内源激素ZT、JA、ABA和SA含量,进而调控SOD、POD和CAT活性,增强对水心病的防御反应。