分子标记辅助选择Pi9基因改良水稻不育系桃农1A稻瘟病抗性

以籼稻品系75-1-127为广谱持久抗稻瘟病基因Pi9的供体亲本,先后以三系保持系桃农1B及其不育系桃农1A为受体亲本,利用Pi9基因内共显性InDel标记CoInDF₁R₂开展MAS回交育种以定向改良桃农1A稻瘟病抗性。分子标记CoInDF₁R₂在75-1-127基因组中扩增出1条大小为354 bp的条带,而在桃农1B和桃农1A基因组中扩增条带大小约为470 bp。分别以75-1-127与CO39作为抗病对照与感病对照进行室内人工接种,得到桃农1A、桃农1B及其改良不育系和保持系的抗菌谱,结果显示,75-1-127的抗性频率为86.67%,桃农1A与桃农1B的抗性频率均为6.67%,而改良不育系桃农1A-Pi9及其保持系桃农1B-Pi9的抗性频率同75-1-127,且田间病圃表现高抗苗瘟。经田间不育特性、农艺性状与产量结构调查分析,育成1个高抗稻瘟病、不育性彻底且稳定、柱头外露率高、包颈粒率低、农艺产量性状优良的新不育系桃农1A-Pi9-1及其配套保持系桃农1B-Pi9-1,实现了桃农1A稻瘟病抗...     

生长猪小肠钠依赖型磷摄入特性的研究

选取6头体重接近的3月龄生长期大白猪,屠宰后刮下肠黏膜,提取3段小肠上皮细胞刷状缘膜囊泡(Brush-border membrane vesicles,BBMV)。在室温条件下,研究各段小肠BBMV磷的摄入量,pH和钠离子依赖性,并测定BBMV磷吸收动力学参数。结果表明,生长猪BBMV对磷的主动吸收和被动扩散在酸性pH下均受到抑制。钠离子水平影响BBMV磷的主动吸收。pH7.4条件下,测得钠依赖型磷转运系统Hill系数(napp)为2.07,即转运1个磷酸根,至少有2个钠离子与其协同转运。不同肠段BBMV磷的主动吸收并没有显著差异。pH7.4条件下,生长猪钠依赖型磷转运系统对磷的亲和力常数(Km)为(0.43±0.09)mmol/L。最大转运速度(Vmax)为(2.25±0.19)nmol/(mg蛋白.15 s)。     

Improving hybrid rice parental lines for blast resistance by introgression of broad-spectrum resistance genes Pi54 and Pi9 by marker-assisted selection

Hybrid rice technology offers a great promise to produce 15% to 20% more yield than pure line varieties. The success of hybrid rice hinges on developing superior parental lines. To improve the blast resistance of hybrid rice parental line RP5933-1-19-2R, crosses were made with donors of two major blast resistance genes namely, Pi54 (Tetep) and Pi9 (IR71033–121-15) and the resulting F₁s were confirmed for their hybridity by using Pi54MAS and NMSMPi9-1 genic markers. The confirmed F₁s were intercrossed to obtain ICF₁s and selected positive plants by markers were backcrossed to the recurrent parent, as well as selfed for advancing further to BC₁F₃ and ICF₄ generations. The segregating plants were phenotyped for blast resistance at Uniform Blast Nursery. The identified complete restorers namely, RP 6619-1, RP 6616-26, RP 6619-3 and RP 6619-11 with Pi9 and Pi54 genes would serve as donors for broad spectrum blast resistance. This could ultimately lead to the development of new rice hybrids with improved resistance to blast disease, which is crucial for sustainable rice production and food security.     

土壤无机磷分级及生物有效性研究进展

结合国内外已有研究成果,介绍了无机磷来源、形态和数量概况,综述了无机磷分级测定方法的研究进展,分析了无机磷生物有效性的影响因素,尤其施肥对无机磷剖面分布及分级的影响。在此基础上,指出目前农田土壤无机磷分级研究存在的问题,并对下一步研究进行了展望。     

基于北斗-RTK的农用无人车设计与实现

为有效提高农业生产作业效率,降低劳动力成本,设计并实现了一种基于北斗卫星导航系统的农用无人车,包括履带底盘设计与实现、控制系统设计与实现.该无人车以树莓派、TX2、STM32为核心控制器,通过STM32与TX2采集无人车位置、状态等数据上传至树莓派,由树莓派进行综合分析决策.根据无人车的经纬度信息,针对非标准化果园进行...     

利用Pi9基因序列标记辅助选择改良籼稻稻瘟病抗性

利用广谱抗稻瘟病基因Pi9基因序列设计的特异分子标记Pi9–a,通过回交育种和分子标记辅助选择技术,改良8份受体水稻材料(丰源B、Ⅱ32B、天龙香103、香丰187、明恢63、轮回422、R747、25H003)的稻瘟病抗性。结果表明:分子标记Pi9–a对8份受体亲本与Pi9供体亲本75–1–127间进行的多态性检测中,除香丰187外,其余7个组合间均存在稳定明显的多态;对4个BC1F1群体进行随机取样的基因型和表型鉴定中,Pi9–a对抗稻瘟病表型选择的效率均为100%。     

Drought effects on C,N, and P nutrition and the antioxidative system of beech seedlings depend on geographic origin

In future, prolonged summer drought and heat will constitute a major risk for the cultivation of shallow‐rooting beech in Central Europe and will negatively affect the productivity of beech forests. In a pot experiment under controlled conditions, the influence of long‐term (28 d) water deprivation on nitrogen (N), carbon (C), phosphate (P_i), and ascorbate (ASC) concentrations was examined in leaves and fine roots of beech seedlings (Fagus sylvatica L.) from six provenances originating from Central Europe (Germany: Neidenstein and Illertissen, intermediate habitats), the Balkan peninsula (Croatia: Zagreb and Gospic, wet habitats), and Southeast Europe (Bulgaria: Kotel, Greece: Paikos; dry habitats). The goal of the study was to identify beech provenances well adapted to water limitation during summer drought events. Our results suggest that N might be involved in the alleviation of water scarcity, whereas P_i might become a limiting factor for forest growth during drought periods. Drought stress resulted in significant changes of ASC pools in leaves and fine roots and the ASC redox state. Under well‐watered and under drought conditions, ASC in leaves was the most important factor causing differences between the provenances examined. Finally, a link between P nutrition and the capacity of antioxidative stress defense by ascorbate could be highlighted. Based on observations from this study, beech seedlings from three origins (Paikos, Zagreb, and Neidenstein) might constitute beech provenances well adapted to water shortage in summer. This conclusion is drawn from the high potential of these provenances to alleviate oxidative stress during water shortage.     

人工气候室集群运行计划管理系统的设计与实现

为包含30个单元的日光型人工气候室集群开发了一个运行计划管理系统,实现了运行计划管理和用户权限管理,以满足开放式管理的需要。计划管理包括运行计划编辑、存储、调用功能;权限管理实现了用户管理、密码管理和使用授权。系统主程序依托于一台廉价但稳定的树莓派微型计算机,采用Perl语言开发应用程序,通过MODBUS/TCP协议与原系统连接,通过HTTP协议提供WEB服务。系统投入使用后运行稳定。     

稻瘟病新抗性基因Pi39候选基因CRISPR/Cas9敲除载体的构建

Pi39是位于水稻第12染色体上的稻瘟病新抗性基因,为了明确其功能,本研究利用CRISPR/Cas9系统构建候选基因的敲除载体。通过对候选基因序列分析,将合成的靶位点序列插入入门载体pENTR-sgRNA,再与表达载体Cas9发生重组。本研究首先在候选基因的第一个外显子区域找到了2个带有PAM序列的靶位点,将2个目的小片段依次克隆到pENTR-sgRNA载体上。通过菌落PCR检测及测序,结果表明目的小片段插入位置正确。将入门载体与表达载体进行重组反应后,阳性克隆经菌落PCR和质粒DNA酶切鉴定并测序,结果表明重组载体构建成功。本研究利用CRISPR/Cas9系统构建敲除载体操作简单,耗时短,为进一步开展Pi39候选基因的功能研究奠定了基础。     

基于Raspberry Pi的室内智能灌溉系统设计与研究

为提高灌溉的精确度与精细化种植的用水效率,研究设计了一种基于 Raspberry 的精准灌溉系统。采用Raspberry Pi 3b与相关传感器设计了系统的硬件,应用pyhton语言编写系统相关程序,并搭建数据库,编写了二维模糊控制器的模糊算法控制程序,其输入量为土壤湿度和土壤湿度的变化值,输出量为直流电机的 PWM 值。最后通过黄瓜幼苗的种植进行试验,达到了预期的节水目标。为智能灌溉的全面实现提供理论基础与参考依据。