琯溪蜜柚光合特性的研究

 利用Li-6400 光合作用仪对田间条件下7 年生琯溪蜜柚的光合特性进行了系统研究。结果表明: (1) 琯溪蜜柚外围叶片晴天的净光合速率(P_n) 日变化为双峰曲线, 首峰出现在8～10 时, 次峰值小于首峰值, 出现在14 时以后; 阴天呈单峰曲线; 内膛叶片P_n 日变化有双峰、单峰和锯齿形3 种类型。(2)观测期内P_n季节变化近似双峰曲线。(3) 不同月份和不同枝条叶片Pn 对光和CO₂ 响应有较大差别, 光补偿点和饱和点分别为16～46 和1 026～1 656μmol·m^-2·s^-1 , 表观量子效率0.01725～0.05431 ; CO₂ 补偿点和饱和点分别为51～80 和822～926μmol·mol ^-1 , 羧化效率0.01769～0.05191 ;P_n对CO₂ 的响应进程近似双曲线。(4) P_n与气孔导度、蒸腾速率、光照强度正相关, 与胞间CO₂ 浓度负相关, 与温度、湿度和叶面水气压亏缺的相关性比较复杂。(5) P_n 与叶片的叶绿素含量和比叶重之间没有明显相关性。(6) 光合适温为24～34 ℃。     

响应面法优化黄秋葵酸奶发酵工艺

以冷冻干燥的黄秋葵粉和鲜牛奶为主要原料,经乳酸菌发酵生产黄秋葵酸奶。以酸奶的持水率和感官评价为考察指标,在单因素试验基础上,利用响应曲面分析法,对黄秋葵酸奶生产工艺进行优化。结果表明:确定黄秋葵酸奶生产的最优工艺参数为黄秋葵粉添加量0.37%、接种量4.1%、发酵时间5.3 h和发酵温度41.8℃。在此条件下黄秋葵酸奶的综合评分为0.989 5,理论值0.999 1与试验值的相对偏差为0.97%。所制得的黄秋葵酸奶口感细腻、香气淡雅、风味独特,且基本理化指标符合国家标准。     

极细链格孢激活蛋白对大豆光合特性、叶绿素荧光参数及产量的影响

为探讨激活蛋白对大豆生长、产量的影响,以大豆冀豆17为研究对象,利用光合仪与称重法测量了不同浓度极细链格孢激活蛋白(1,2,3,4,5,6μg/m L)处理后大豆的光合特性、叶绿素荧光参数及产量。结果表明,随着施用的极细链格孢激活蛋白浓度的增加,大豆叶绿素含量、净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、最大光化学量子效率(Fv/Fm)、有效量子效率(ΦPSⅡ)和光化学猝灭系数(q P)呈先上升后下降的趋势。施用1,2,3,4μg/m L浓度的极细链格孢激活蛋白不仅提高了大豆叶绿素含量,而且增加了大豆叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率,同时还能提高叶绿素荧光的最大光化学量子效率(Fv/Fm)、有效量子效率(ΦPSⅡ)和光化学猝灭系数(q P)。其中以3,4μg/m L浓度的处理效果最好。施用更高浓度的激活蛋白(5,6μg/m L),上述光合特性与叶绿素荧光促进效果下降或者消失。施用中浓度激活蛋白(3,4μg/m L)大豆产量增加了11.21%~14.76%。结果表明,喷洒合适浓度的极细链格孢激活蛋白是一种促进大豆增产的有效措施。     

秸秆还田对水稻光合物质生产特征、稻米品质和土壤养分的影响

为充分利用秸秆资源,减少秸秆焚烧带来的环境污染,采用大田试验,以水稻品种盐丰47为试验材料,设置秸秆还田（S）和不还田（CK）处理,对水稻干物质积累、分配及转运、产量、稻米品质、土壤全量养分和速效养分含量进行比较研究。结果表明,S处理水稻产量低于CK,差异不显著。与CK相比,S处理显著增加了水稻成熟期叶、茎和鞘的干重及占总干重比例,但各部分干物质输出率和转运率显著降低。S处理极显著地降低了稻米的垩白粒率、垩白大小、垩白度和直链淀粉含量,提高了稻米的食味值,对稻米的糙米率、精米率和整精米率无显著影响。S处理显著提高了水稻主要生育时期土壤的有机碳、全氮、全磷、有效磷和速效钾含量,对土壤的全钾含量和C/N无显著影响。S处理水稻抽穗期土壤铵态氮含量、乳熟期和成熟期土壤铵态氮和硝态氮含量均显著低于CK。说明辽宁地区推广秸秆还田有利于培肥土壤,改善稻米品质,不会显著影响水稻产量。     

葡萄糖基质对光合细菌光合产氢过程中菌体活性的影响

研究光合细菌产氢过程中菌体活性的变化及产氢基质对菌体活性的影响对于揭示光合细菌光合产氢本质,提高光合细菌产氢效率具有重要意义。该文以光合细菌为研究对象,以葡萄糖为产氢基质,研究了产氢基质对光合细菌的生长及产氢活性的影响,分析了产氢过程中菌体生长活性下降的原因,并探讨了产氢基质添加浓度对光合细菌吸收光谱的影响。结果发现,光合细菌利用葡萄糖产氢过程中存在着代谢产酸过程,产生的代谢酸引起菌液的酸化,细胞生长受到酸性条件抑制,菌体活性下降。当底物葡萄糖浓度低于3 mmol/L时,光合细菌不产氢,但菌体吸收光谱特征     

Effects of replacing timothy silage by alsike clover silage on performance,carcass traits and meat quality of finishing Aberdeen Angus and Nordic Red bulls

The objective of the study was to determine the effects of silage plant species and cattle breed on performance and meat quality of finishing bulls. A feeding experiment was conducted using thirty Aberdeen Angus (AA) and thirty Nordic Red (NR) bulls. Both breeds were randomly allotted to three experimental diets. The composition (g kg^?1 dry matter) of the diets was as follows: (i) timothy silage (TS) (650) and barley (350); (ii) TS (325), alsike clover silage (AS) (325) and barley (350); and (iii) AS (650) and barley (350). The bulls were fed a total mixed ration ad libitum. Replacing TS by AS did not affect dry‐matter intake, growth, carcass conformation or meat quality traits of the bulls, but carcass fat score tended to decrease when replacing TS by AS (P = 0·07). The AA bulls grew faster and had better feed conversion and superior carcass conformation compared with the NR bulls (P < 0·001). The loin of the AA bulls had lower shear force value and was given higher scores in sensory analyses compared with the NR bulls (P < 0·01). The experiment demonstrated that replacing TS by AS in the diet of finishing bulls had minor effects on performance or meat quality.     

Effects of late sowing on soybean yields and yield components in southwestern Japan

ABSTRACT

Soybean production in southwestern Japan tends to be unstable owing to wet soils during the rainy season. Although late sowing after the rainy season can avoid excess water, information on its yield potential is limited. The objective of this study was to reveal the effect of late sowing on yields and yield components of new soybean cultivars developed for warm regions. The experiment was conducted in 2016 and 2017 in Fukuyama, Hiroshima, Japan. Upland fields converted from paddy fields with a subirrigation system were planted in June (normal) or July (late sparse or late dense). Lodging was prevented with a net. The effects of late sowing and dense treatment were analyzed in relation to solar radiation use. In 2016, differences in yield among cultivars and among environments were not significant. In 2017, yield was significantly reduced following late sparse sowing. The total aboveground dry matter at maturity was correlated with total solar radiation intercepted (r = 0.76) but not with radiation use efficiency (r = 0.47). Late sowing increased harvest index (HI) significantly from 0.464 to 0.571 in 2016 and from 0.524 to 0.585 in 2017, but density had no significant effect. The changes in HI were correlated with stem dry weight (r = ?0.80 in 2016 and r = ?0.79 in 2017) rather than seed yield (r = 0.08, n.s. in 2016 and r = 0.19, n.s. in 2017). Thus, under irrigation, late dense sowing might stabilize yield in southwestern Japan because of higher HI.

Abbreviations: DM: dry matter; FOEAS: farm-oriented enhancing aquatic system; HI: harvest index; RUE: radiation use efficiency     

邻菲咯啉浓度对瘤胃微生物体外发酵的影响

邻菲咯啉是一种二肽酶抑制剂。本试验用体外法测定了不同浓度邻菲咯啉对瘤胃微生物发酵产气量、氨氮浓度、真蛋白含量及饲料干物质降解率的影响。结果表明 ,邻菲咯啉浓度与产气量呈直线负相关(Y=-16.75X +29.52 ,r=0.7976,P<0.05);与发酵液氨氮浓度呈直线负相关(Y= -0.5757X +3.3036,r=0.8384,P<0.05) ;与发酵管内容物真蛋白含量呈直线正相关(Y=1.35X +11.45,r=0.8423,P<0.05) ;与内容物饲料干物质降解率呈直线负相关(Y= -10.14X +55.08,r=0.9275,P<0.01)。     

左旋肉碱——类维生素的营养素

ｌ肉碱是动物体内与脂肪酸代谢 有关的化合物,它的主要功能是作为载体将长链脂肪酸从线粒体膜外运送到膜内促进脂肪酸的氧化⒚本文对 ｌ肉碱的研究历史、化学性质、食物中的含量、生物合成、生理功能、缺乏症及其危害性、营养状况、营养作用及其临床应用和生产方法进 行了阐述⒚     

酸雨对彩叶植物生长发育影响的研究进展

总结了酸雨的发生与分布规律,综述了酸雨胁迫对彩叶植物的生长发育及光合生理影响的研究进展,并展望了今后酸雨对彩叶植物影响的研究方向。