氮肥对草莓根系生长发育和内源激素影响的研究

Endogenous hormones play an important role in the growth and development of roots. The objective of this research was to study the effect of four types of N fertilizer on the root growth of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duchesne) and the endogenous enzymes of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), and isopentenyl adenosine (iPA) in its roots and leaves using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Application of all types of N fertilizers at 20 d after transplanting significantly depressed (P ≤ 0.05) root growth. Application of organic-inorganic fertilizer (OIF) as basal fertilizer had a significant negative effect (P ≤ 0.05) on root growth. The application of OIF and urea at 60 d lowered the lateral root frequency in strawberry plants (P ≤ 0.05) compared with the application of two organic fertilizers (OFA and OFB) and the control (CK). With the fertilizer treatments, there were the same concentrations of IAA and ABA in both roots and leaves at the initial growth stage (20 d), lower levels of IAA and ABA at the later stage (60 d), and higher iPA levels at all seedling stages as compared to those of CK. Thus, changes in the concentrations of endogenous phytohormones in strawberry plants could be responsible for the morphological changes of roots due to fertilization.     

农业主要面源污染物迁移转化特征分析

[目的]研究地表水中农业面源污染物的迁移转化规律与迁移转化特征。[方法]通过在前郭灌区布置不同氮磷施用量及不同灌水量的田间试验,在不同位置提取水样,测定水样中的氨氮、硝氮、磷酸盐和化学需氧量。[结果]前郭灌区地表水中氨氮浓度呈现出单一峰值的变化趋势;水稻在整个生育阶段,硝氮浓度出现多个峰值的变化趋势;各级排水系统中的磷酸盐浓度呈现一致性的变化趋势;化学需氧量浓度变化过程和溶解氧浓度变化过程二者呈负相关关系。[结论]该研究可为区域水质水量联合调控提供支持。     

不同磷源及用量对冷浸田水稻磷素吸收利用的影响

[目的]研究不同磷源及用量对冷浸田水稻磷素吸收利用和产量的影响,探求在冷浸田水稻磷肥适宜用量。[方法]以D优202为材料,在皖南山区冷浸田中开展钙镁磷肥和过磷酸钙2个磷肥品种及3个磷素水平田间试验。[结果]在冷浸田开沟降渍的条件下,施钙镁磷肥的增产效果比过磷酸钙好,均以75 kg/hm2P2O5产量最高。冷浸田施磷有利于水稻有效分蘖的形成。过量施磷导致每穗实粒数和千粒重降低,不利于产量的进一步提高。[结论]在研究条件下,冷浸田水稻施磷以75 kg/hm2P2O5为佳,可保证水稻各生育期适宜磷素累积量,增加分蘖数和穗实粒数,提高水稻产量。     

有机无机配施对旱地春玉米产量及土壤水分利用的影响

通过田间试验,研究夏旱发生年份有机无机配施对旱地春玉米产量及水分利用状况的影响.结果表明,施肥处理显著提高旱地春玉米产量(1.49 ～ 2.63 t/hm2)和水分利用效率WUE(41.3％～72.3％)、降水利用效率PUE(45.7％～80.7％).以有机无机配施的处理产量(5.89 t/hm2)和WUE[13.15 kg/(hm2·mm)]、PUE[14.39 kg/(hm2·mm)]最高.增施有机肥极显著降低了表层(0 ～ 40 cm)土壤容重,增加了土壤总孔隙度,提高了土壤的蓄水保墒能力.在夏旱发生前期,由于降雨和土壤贮水稳定,施肥处理尤其是有机肥处理能够提高表层(0 ～ 60 cm)土壤含水量,60 ～ 200 cm土层土壤含水量变化不明显.随着夏旱发生程度的加剧,0～ 200 cm土层含水量持续降低,各处理的表层土壤含水量无明显差异.同时,施肥处理条件下由于作物生长耗水量持续增加,对深层土壤贮水消耗增加,导致40 cm以下的土壤含水量较无肥处理下降较快.     

有机无机肥配施及硝化抑制剂对菜园生态系统硝酸盐污染的调控效应

为探明有机无机肥配施及其与硝化抑制剂配合施用对菜园生态系统氮素的吸收利用和迁移转化的影响,采用田间小区试验,对小白菜—土壤生态系统硝酸盐污染状况进行了较系统的研究。结果表明,有机无机肥配施及配合施用硝化抑制剂HQ、DCD和TU均不同程度地降低小白菜硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的含量。减少耕层土壤中硝酸盐的积累,提高耕层土壤中铵态氮的含量。     

不同包膜控释氮肥对玉米氮素吸收和产量的影响

采用田间试验方法研究施用树脂包膜控释尿素(TSCU)和树脂加硫包膜控释尿素(PSCU)对玉米植株全氮含量、吸氮量、肥料氮素吸收效率、产量以及土壤耕层硝态氮含量的影响。结果表明,TSCU和PSCU处理吸氮量分别达到163.32kg·hm-2和178.54kg·hm-2,比施普通尿素(PU)处理增加26.62kg·hm-2和41.84kg·hm-2,差异达显著水平;玉米产量比PU处理分别提高21.27%和33.36%;TSCU和PSCU处理的玉米氮素吸收效率比PU处理分别增加18.68%和27.47%;在玉米成熟后,控释肥处理耕层土壤硝态氮仍然高于普通尿素处理。在黑土生态条件下,与PU处理的玉米相比,TSCU和PSCU处理均有效提高了玉米的干物质量、吸氮量及产量,减少了环境污染,以PSCU处理控释效果最好。     

施肥与芸苔素内酯对赣无油茶叶片养分和生长的影响

为了研究不同类型肥料及不同浓度芸苔素内酯(BRs)在油茶"赣无"优良无性系上的应用效果,选择鸡粪、复合肥、生物有机肥和油茶专用肥以及0.020、0.033 mg/L和0.067 mg/L浓度的芸苔素内酯,采用裂区试验设计,进行连续2 a的试验,在油茶不同生长期调查采样并测定各项指标。结果表明:施复合肥+喷施0.020 mg/L芸苔素内酯油茶高生长最快;施专用肥+喷施0.020 mg/L芸苔素内酯油茶冠幅面积增加最大;喷施0.033 mg/L芸苔素内酯油茶叶片SPAD值最高;施专用肥+喷施0.067 mg/L芸苔素内酯油茶叶片SPAD值增加最多;不施肥+喷施0.067 mg/L芸苔素内酯叶片氮含量最高,其次是施专用肥+喷施0.033 mg/L芸苔素内酯;施有机肥+喷施0.020 mg/L芸苔素内酯叶片磷含量最高;施复合肥+喷施0.020 mg/L芸苔素内酯叶片钾含量最高;施专用肥+喷施0.033 mg/L芸苔素内酯叶片干物质含量最高。     

推广商品有机肥 提高大洼地区耕地质量

化肥的大量投入,使农作物的产量明显提高。化肥明显的增产作用,使农民对化肥产生了很大的依赖性,从而忽视了有机肥的使用。多年来,科学种田水平不断提高,但土壤中的有机质含量有所下降。要想使土地资源永续利用,保证土壤的生产力,必须增施有机肥,提高土壤有机质含量,改善土壤的理化性状,这是保持并提高耕地质量的一条最有效的途径。     

Effects of vermicompost and vermiwash biofertilizers on fenugreek (Trigonella foenum) plant

ABSTRACT

In order to evaluate the effect of vermicompost and vermiwash biofertilizers on the traits of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum) plant, a field experiment of a randomized complete block design with 8 treatments and 3 replications was conducted. The treatments consisted of control without fertilizer, vermicompost at 5, 10, and 15 tons per hectare, vermiwash spraying with 3,000, 6,000, and 12,000 ppm, and a combined application of 10 tons of vermicompost with 6,000 ppm vermiwash. In this research, traits of crop growth rate (CGR), pod length, pod width, grain yield, chlorophyll a and b, essential oil percentage, and essential oil yield were evaluated. The results revealed that the use of vermicompost biofertilizer increased the measured quantitative traits more than that of the vermiwash. The most and the least effects on all traits, except for the length of the pod, were 15 and 5 tons vermicompost per hectare, respectively. The treatment of 10 tons of vermicompost with 6,000 ppm vermiwash did not show significant differences in 10 and 15 tons vermicompost per hectare in most traits. It was observed that the application of vermicompost fertilizer leads to weaker results than the vermiwash fertilizer. With the increase of vermiwash concentration, the effect of this fertilizer on the measured traits reduced; however, in most traits, the results of the application of 3,000 and 6,000 ppm vermiwash had a statistically significant effect on the treatment with 5 tons of vermicompost per hectare. Overall, this experiment showed that all the evaluated traits in this study have a positive reaction to the application of vermicompost and vermiwash biofertilizers. Also, the response of the fenugreek plant to the vermicompost is much greater than the vermiwash fertilizer.     

应用灰色关联度分析法评价叶面肥对‘龙牧801'再生草生产性能的影响

为研究不同叶面肥对苜蓿(Medicago)再生草生产性能的影响,以苜蓿‘龙牧801'(Longmu 801)为研究材料,对其第2茬再生草喷施不同浓度配比的钼酸铵、硫酸亚铁和尿素,并进行常规营养含量的灰色关联度分析。结果表明:在0.1%的硫酸亚铁与0.05%的钼酸铵配合施用时,关联度综合排名最高,在此浓度组合下苜蓿具有最佳生产性能;在尿素为0.3%的水平下,所有处理中只喷施尿素组关联度排名最高,表明硫酸亚铁和钼酸铵对苜蓿营养产量的作用受到了尿素的影响。