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111.
水肥组合对日光温室黄瓜叶片生长和产量的影响 总被引:13,自引:2,他引:11
在陕北黄土高原具隔水小区的日光温室内,设计完全随机区组试验,研究了不同水肥组合对结瓜期黄瓜叶片生长和产量的影响。结果表明,在结瓜期,所有处理黄瓜叶面积逐渐增加,而叶片扩展速率、叶片组织含水率、叶片中游离脯氨酸(PRO)和丙二醛(MDA)含量、黄瓜产量和水分利用效率(WUE)均先增加后降低;当土壤含水率一致时,高肥处理(N:600 kg/hm2,P2O5:420 kg/hm2)叶面积、叶片扩展速率、产量和WUE显著高于低肥处理(N:420 kg/hm2,P2O5:294 kg/hm2);低肥处理产量随土壤含水率增加而增加,高肥处理随土壤含水率增加先增加后降低,WUE随土壤含水率增加而降低。中水高肥处理(WmFh)的叶片净光合速率(Pn)和蒸腾速率(Tr)日变化均高于其他处理。表明,中水高肥处理(田间持水率>75%~90%,施用N:600 kg/hm2,P2O5:420 kg/hm2)黄瓜在结瓜期叶片生长健壮、光合作用强、产量较高,节约了水资源。 相似文献
112.
稻田水肥资源高效利用与调控模拟 总被引:7,自引:3,他引:4
水和肥是影响作物产量与生态环境的重要因素。为揭示稻田水肥利用规律,以达到稻田节水、省肥、高产、减排的目标,该文以湖北省漳河团林实验站稻田水肥耦合灌溉与控制排水试验观测数据为基础,联合运用作物生长模型ORYZA 2000和田间水文模型DRAINMOD 6.0,模拟分析不同降水、节灌、施肥、控排条件下的水稻产量与稻田排水量响应关系,得出了稻田水肥调控的临界条件,即采用稻田间歇灌溉方式,灌水定额30 mm,施氮量170 kg/hm2左右,控制排水水位20 cm时,节水12.5%~18.87%、省肥35.1%、增产11%、减排19.9%。本研究对加强农田水肥科学管理,提高水氮生产效率,防治农业面源污染,促进灌区可持续发展具有重要意义。 相似文献
113.
Anu Rastogi Brij Kishore Mishra Munna Singh Ritu Mishra 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(10):1389-1409
The adequate growth of plants can be achieved only by a balanced ratio of biologically active nutrients in soil along with its readily availability. Linseed seems to be an advantageous secondary oilseed crop widely used in industrial purposes, which can serve additional purpose of phytoextraction of heavily infested soils with heavy metals. In this study, we have made an effort to find out the optimum dose of heavy metals necessary as micronutrients like copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) for the enhancement of linseed yield along with the distribution of heavy metals in different plant parts. Quantitative enhancement in different traits of linseed plant due to Cu, Fe and Zn fertilization especially for capsules per plant after maturity suggested positive association between heavy metal supply and morphological traits, which indirectly enhanced seed yield. There was a positive correlation between Zn supply and seed yield. In the treatments with Cu and Fe fertilization, seed yield was positively correlated to plant height, capsules per plant and seeds per five capsules. According to this study, it is concluded that linseed has the ability to accumulate majorly Fe followed by Cu and Zn. 相似文献
114.
D.A. Stone 《Soil Use and Management》2000,16(4):285-292
Abstract. There is a need to develop sustainable nitrogen (N) management systems that minimize environmental losses by maximizing the use efficiency of applied fertilizers, particularly with wide-row annual crops that are often poor at utilizing N. A key approach is to match nitrogen supply with crop demand using improved methods of fertilizer application and timing. One technique is to target liquid 'starter' fertilizers close to the seed, or around the roots of transplants, and to omit or reduce conventional broadcast applications. This paper examines the effects of starter fertilizer combined with various rates of seedbed and/or top-dressed N on the growth and yield of bulb onion ( Allium cepa L.), crisp lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.), forage maize ( Zea mays Bonaf.) and sugarbeet ( Beta vulgaris L.). Starter fertilizer improved early growth and, in combination with reduced rates of supplementary N, gave yields comparable with higher rates of base N with each crop, except sugarbeet. The use of top-dressed N was as effective as base N in supplementing starter fertilizer and had the benefit that it allowed a top-dressing requirement to be estimated accurately using a simple nitrogen balance equation. These results, taken with earlier work, show that starter fertilizers offer clear opportunities for reducing N inputs, while maintaining yield and quality of these crops. 相似文献
115.
Aydin Adiloglu Sevinç Adiloglu Esin Gonulsuz Nureddin Oner 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(6):601-606
In this article the effect of different nitrogen fertilizer application on the availability of zinc (Zn) content in non calcic brown forest soil was investigated. For this purpose increasing rates of NH4Cl, (NH4)2S04; NH4N03 and Ca(N03)2.4H20 fertilizers were applied for having different physical and chemical properties in two soil samples. An incubation experiment was carried out over 4 months. The available Zn content of the soils was determined each month. According to the results the highest available Zn content of the soils was obtained from NH4Cl applied to the soils followed by (NH4)2S04; NH4N03 and Ca(N03)2.4H20 application to soil. At the end of the experiment the average available Zn content of non calcic brown forest soils for NH4Cl, (NH4)2S04; NH4N03 and Ca(N03)2.4H20 fertilizers are 0.93, 0.91, 0.88 and 0.77 mg kg?1, respectively. 相似文献
116.
棕壤土花生养分丰缺及平衡施肥参数研究 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
通过田间试验和土壤植株分析,建立数学模型,筛选相关性大的回归方程,总结出棕壤土花生氮磷外养分丰缺指标,花生“定产”公式,土壤养分换算系数,化肥当利利用率,单位产量荚果氮磷钾吸收量等花生平衡施肥参数。 相似文献
117.
《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2017,28(3):1028-1037
Understanding soil degradation is especially important in the Mediterranean Region where desertification is a serious problem, and soil salinization is one of the causes. Salinity reduces soil quality, limits crop productivity and brings on long term soil degradation. Therefore the restoration of degraded soils is necessary to reduce land degradation, improve soil fertility and achieve a sustainable food production. The addition of compost supplemented with the beneficial microorganism Trichoderma harzianum isolate T78 to saline soils (NaCl) was studied to determine the impact on soil microbiology, which is the key to restore and rehabilitate degraded soils. The selected Trichoderma harzianum isolate T78 showed high salt tolerance despite the low osmotolerance of the genus Trichoderma . Increasing salt concentration reduced Trichoderma sp colony‐forming units (CFU) from natural soil and adversely affected soil microbial biomass C as well as dehydrogenase, β‐glucosidase, phosphatase and urease activities. Simultaneous amendment of the saline soil with compost and inoculation with T. harzianum T78 improved the soil microbiological quality; the number of T. harzianum T78 CFU did not decrease as NaCl increased. As T. harzianum strain T78 is salt tolerant, increasing the relative abundance of this specific strain would contribute to the rehabilitation of saline soils. Vineyard composts supplemented with T. harzianum T78 represent a promising approach for the treatment and improvement of saline soil properties. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
118.
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120.
黑土区高效溶磷真菌筛选及其溶解磷矿粉效果的研究 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
黑土区高效溶P真菌筛选及其溶解磷矿粉效果的试验结果表明 ,溶P真菌溶P效果高于溶P细菌 ,且其溶P性状稳定。曲霉菌“P39”、“P37”和青霉菌“P6 6”、“P1”溶P效果高于其他供试菌 ,菌株之间溶P活性与培养液pH值和有机酸含量间不存在必然相关性 ,推测不同菌株间溶P活性差异与菌株产生的有机酸种类和数量有关 相似文献