Increasing atmospheric CO2 modifies durum wheat grain quality and pasta cooking quality

The present study focused on the quality traits of durum wheat grains (protein and content, gluten content, yellow pigment content), semolina (gluten index and yellow index) and pasta (firmness, yellow index, cooking time) obtained from 12 durum wheat genotypes grown under elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentration in an open field Free Air CO₂ Enrichment (FACE) experiment. The aims were to evaluate the impact of elevated CO₂ on durum wheat pasta making related traits as well as investigate genetic differences existing in a panel of old and modern cultivars. The protein content showed a not significant decrease (7%), the GC decreased significantly (13.3%), while the GI showed an increasing significant tendency (14%). The overall pasta quality (firmness and weight) worsened in ELE. Correlation between all traits and pasta firmness demonstrated that the decrease in pasta firmness under ELE was correlated with GPC and GC while it was not with the GI. All varieties, although to different extent, showed lower pasta firmness values compared to the ambient condition. Among the varieties tested, some were more sensitive than others to the increased atmospheric CO₂ concentration, a finding that can be exploited by breeding for designing novel genotypes with lower sensitivity to increased atmospheric CO₂.     

克氏原螯虾体表固着类纤毛虫种类调查及硫酸锌对其药效研究

调查克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)容易感染的固着类纤毛虫种类,并挑选寄生虫种类较单一的寄生部位分割成若干小块,分别放入不同浓度硫酸锌溶液,观察硫酸锌对固着类纤毛虫的药效。结果显示:容易感染克氏原螯虾的种类主要有钟虫、聚缩虫、累枝虫及莲蓬虫。硫酸锌对这几种虫体的24 h和48 h的LC_(50)分别为5.63和2.18 mg/L、5.01和2.44 mg/L、6.28和2.93 mg/L、3.23和1.72 mg/L,对硫酸锌敏感度莲蓬虫钟虫聚缩虫累枝虫。结果表明硫酸锌对克氏原螯虾常见固着类纤毛虫病有效。     

不同药物对金鱼小瓜虫病的防治效果

研究了硝酸亚汞、孔雀石绿、亚甲基兰、福尔马林、硫酸铜与硫酸亚铁合剂、生姜和辣椒合剂对金鱼小瓜虫病的防治效果。试验结果表明,硝酸亚汞、孔雀石绿、福尔马林对金鱼小瓜虫病的防治效果较好,而硫酸铜与硫酸亚铁合剂质量浓度小于1 0mg/L时,不仅不能杀死小瓜虫,反而刺激小瓜虫胞囊的形成,加速繁殖。只有当其质量浓度达到1 2mg/L时,才能有效地杀灭小瓜虫。     

翠云草叶片压花保色方法研究

以翠云草叶片为试材,通过物理干燥和化学保色相结合的方法研究其保色工艺。物理干燥法采用自然干燥法、压花板干燥法、烘箱干燥法、熨斗干燥法和微波干燥法等5种不同方法;化学保色法采用浓度为1%、5%、10%、15%、20%蔗糖、葡萄糖、麦芽糖、硫酸铜溶液和浓度为2%、4%、6%、8%、10%氯化钙溶液,浸泡翠云草叶片(4 h、8 h、12 h、16 h、20 h),结合连续强光照射,研究不同种类保色剂对翠云草叶片的保色效果。结果表明,翠云草叶片最适合的干燥方法为熨斗干燥法;15%葡萄糖溶液浸泡翠云草叶片12 h保色效果最佳,其次为10%硫酸铜溶液处理12 h。     

Coastal land scalding in NSW,Australia: soil chemical characteristics and their implications for remediation of the scalded lands

Scalded lands are common in acid sulphate soil areas on the New South Wales coast, Australia. In this work, chemical characteristics of the scalded acid sulphate soils at nine sites along this coast were investigated. The investigated acid sulphate scalds are characterized by an extremely acidified topsoil layer (0–0.6 m) although they derive from the sediments of varying salinity and the metal sulphides contained in the soils have experienced different degrees of oxidation. Almost all of the investigated scalds occur in the areas that have a lower surface elevation than the surrounding areas. These hollows may act as sinks for acid sulphate materials and salts that are transported from the surrounding areas and the shallower watertables in such locations may enhance upward transport of acid and salt materials from the underlying oxidized sulphidic sediments. In general, the scalded acid sulphate soils have less organic matter and soluble phosphorus, and a greater salinity, soluble acidity, soluble Al, Mn and Zn concentrations, compared to the adjacent non‐scalded acid sulphate soils. These are most likely soil constraints for revegetation of the scalded lands and treatment will need to involve acid neutralization (e.g. application of lime) and addition of P fertilizers to reduce the soluble acidity, immobilize soluble Al, Mn and Zn, and increase P availability. The evidence also shows that the higher soluble Al concentration in the scalded soils, relative to the non‐scalded soils, is related to their lower organic matter content. Hence, rehabilitation of these scalded lands should involve the addition of organic matter to reduce soluble Al concentrations; it may also help reduce Mn and Zn toxicity, and salinity. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

鸡组织中硫酸粘杆菌素残留的微生物学检测方法研究

在国内首次以支气管炎博代特氏菌（Bordetella bronchiseptica）ATCC4617作为检测菌株，用PBS提取鸡肌肉组织，用5％硫酸提取鸡肝脏和肾脏组织中的硫酸粘杆菌素，应用一剂量法设计原理制备肌肉、肝脏和肾脏组织标准曲线。硫酸粘杆菌素检测限肌肉组织为0．15μg／g，肝脏和肾脏组织均为0．20μg／g，低于我国农业部和欧盟规定的粘杆菌素最高残留限量。肌肉、肝脏和肾脏组织标准曲线在0．025—6．4μg／mL范围内线性关系良好，r分别为0．9970、0．9994、0．9990，n=9。以高、低（300mg／L、60mg／L按效价计）两个剂量给鸡饮水给药，肌肉高、低剂量组均未检测出硫酸粘杆菌素残留，肝脏和肾脏低剂量组未检测出硫酸粘杆菌素残留，高剂量组0h有微量残留。     

饲料中粗蛋白硫酸铵回收率的测定及影响因素分析

饲料中粗蛋白含量测定一直是重要的检测指标,硫酸铵回收率的测定是饲料粗蛋白含量测定过程中检测蒸馏和滴定系统是否达到要求的重要质控指标。本文通过两名检测人员对硫酸铵回收率测定过程中可能出现的所有影响因素进行了全面分析和测定比较,结果表明在规范操作的条件下,硫酸铵是否干燥、过量加碱和过量的吸收液、蒸馏时间过长、不同的取样方式均等均不会对硫酸铵回收率产生较大的差异性,通过测定分析确保本所粗蛋白含量的准确度,为饲料中粗蛋白硫酸铵回收率的测定提供了基础。