黧蒴优树表型分析及其叶果性状研究

对2003年在全省范围内所选的黧蒴优树进行表型分析，着重研究了其叶、果的性状。结果表明：多个角度证明了5株优势木法选黧蒴优树的方法是合理的，大部分数量指标完全超过5株优势木，体现优中选优的特点。方差分析结果表明：黧蒴优树的叶果性状无论从家系间或种源间均呈极显著差异。动态聚类分析显示黧蒴优树叶果有3种类型，第1类为重果圆叶型，有8个家系；第3类为轻果尖叶型，有90个家系；第2类介于第1、3类之间，有69个家系。     

Phenotype Variations in Plant Regeneration of Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

以陆地棉冀无2031无菌苗下胚轴为外植体,在MS中附加激素0.1mg/LIAA 0.1mg/L2,4-D 0.1mg/LKT的培养基上诱导出愈伤组织。选择疏松愈伤组织继代到附加0.1mg/LZT的培养基中,经2-3个月的继代培养诱导出颗粒状疏松胚性愈伤组织。胚性愈伤组织在无激素、每升加2g谷氨酰胺和0.5g天门冬酰胺的胚性愈伤增殖萌发培养基上培养2个月左右,可陆续形成不同时期的体胚苗。对冀无2031不同时期的体细胞萌发后的体胚苗进行观察,发现了真叶畸形苗、子叶节生根胚、胚轴侧生根胚、腋芽丛生苗和以腋芽发育为主的再生苗5种新类型的体胚苗。     

不同表型平贝母有效成分含量的比较

[目的]比较不同表现类型平贝母的有效成分总生物碱的含量差别,为育种提供依据。[方法]采用超声法提取法提取平贝母中的总生物碱,并采用比色法测定其含量。[结果]平贝母常见的绿茎绿叶品系的总生物碱含量为0.170 3%,紫茎紫叶和紫茎绿叶分别为0.180 7%和0.183 0%。[结论]不同表现类型平贝母在总生物碱含量上没在明显差异。     

Genomic prediction of growth in pigs based on a model including additive and dominance effects

Independent of whether prediction is based on pedigree or genomic information, the focus of animal breeders has been on additive genetic effects or ‘breeding values’. However, when predicting phenotypes rather than breeding values of an animal, models that account for both additive and dominance effects might be more accurate. Our aim with this study was to compare the accuracy of predicting phenotypes using a model that accounts for only additive effects (MA) and a model that accounts for both additive and dominance effects simultaneously (MAD). Lifetime daily gain (DG) was evaluated in three pig populations (1424 Pietrain, 2023 Landrace, and 2157 Large White). Animals were genotyped using the Illumina SNP60K Beadchip and assigned to either a training data set to estimate the genetic parameters and SNP effects, or to a validation data set to assess the prediction accuracy. Models MA and MAD applied random regression on SNP genotypes and were implemented in the program Bayz. The additive heritability of DG across the three populations and the two models was very similar at approximately 0.26. The proportion of phenotypic variance explained by dominance effects ranged from 0.04 (Large White) to 0.11 (Pietrain), indicating that importance of dominance might be breed‐specific. Prediction accuracies were higher when predicting phenotypes using total genetic values (sum of breeding values and dominance deviations) from the MAD model compared to using breeding values from both MA and MAD models. The highest increase in accuracy (from 0.195 to 0.222) was observed in the Pietrain, and the lowest in Large White (from 0.354 to 0.359). Predicting phenotypes using total genetic values instead of breeding values in purebred data improved prediction accuracy and reduced the bias of genomic predictions. Additional benefit of the method is expected when applied to predict crossbred phenotypes, where dominance levels are expected to be higher.     

Detection of acid production from carbohydrates by Riemerella anatipestifer and related organisms using the buffered single substrate test

One hundred and twenty-one Riemerella anatipestifer field strains from wild birds, domesticated poultry and pigs were examined for their ability to produce acid from carbohydrates by using conventional biochemical and buffered single substrate (BSS) test methods. The type strains of the species R. anatipestifer and taxometrically related genera Chryseobacterium and Bergeyella were included in the study. In contrast to 10 indole-positive R. anatipestifer variant strains, only a few of the 111 typical indole-negative R. anatipestifer strains produced acid from dextrin (32%), glucose (17%), maltose (14%) and trehalose (5%) when the conventional test procedure was used. Using the BSS test all the field isolates and the type strain of R. anatipestifer produced acid from one or more carbohydrates, most of them from dextrin (96%), maltose (91%), glucose (87%), mannose (83%), less frequently from fructose (38%) and only in some cases from trehalose (19%). One hundred and six (87%) of the R. anatipestifer strains could be assigned to 8 biovars, based on the diversity of the carbohydrate acidification patterns. The remaining 16 R. anatipestifer isolates gave delayed reactions and displayed 13 different carbohydrate acidification profiles. The Chryseobacterium and Bergeyella type strains also produced acid from more carbohydrates when the BSS test was used. The BSS-carbohydrate acidification pattern of the Chryseobacterium indologenes strain was similar to that of R. anatipestifer biovar 3.     

Effect of cyclopamine on aristolochic acid-induced phenotypic transformation and Hedgehog pathway in renal epithelial cells

AIM: To investigate the effect of cyclopamine on Hedgehog (HH) signaling, phenotypic transformation and matrix accumulation induced by aristolochic acid (AA) in renal tubular epithelial cell NRK-52E. METHODS: NRK-52E cells were randomly divided into control group (treated with solvent only), AA group (treated with AA at concentrations of 1, 5, 10 mg/L) and cyclopamine group (treated with AA at concentration of 10 mg/L plus cyclopamine at concentrations of 1, 5, 10 μmol/L). After cultured for 24 h, the mRNA expression of Ptch1, Smo, α-SMA, E-cadherin, ZO-1, BMP-7, type I collagen and type III collagen was quantified by real-time PCR. The protein levels of Shh and TGF-β1 were detected by ELISA. Immunofluorescence staining was used to evaluate the expression of Ptch1, Smo, α-SMA, E-cadherin and type III collagen in the NRK-52E cells. RESULTS: AA increased the expression of TGF-β1, α-SMA and type III collagen, decreased the expression of E-cadherin and ZO-1 protein, and down-regulated the expression of Ptch1, Shh and Smo mRNA in the NRK-52E cells, indicating that AA activated HH signaling, and phenotypic transformation and matrix accumulation occurred in AA-treated NRK-52E cells. Treatment with cyclopamine inhibited HH signaling by decreasing Smo expression and increasing Ptch1 expression. Moreover, cyclopamine also down-regulated the expression of TGF-β1, α-SMA, type I collagen and III collagen, and up-regulated the expression of BMP-7, ZO-1 and E-cadherin. CONCLUSION: AA induces phenotypic transformation and matrix accumulation in renal tubular epithelial cells, which can be inhibited by cyclopamine treatment. The possible mechanism is that cyclopamine suppresses the activation of HH signaling, resulting in the reduction of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and matrix deposition.     

Pure-lining of flax (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Linum usitatissimum</Emphasis> L.) genebank accessions for efficiently exploiting and assessing seed character diversity

Genetic heterogeneity within genebank accessions of a self-pollinating crop has great implications for their preservation, diversity assessment, utilization and exploitation. This study investigated the intra-accession diversity of 38 flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) genebank accessions preserved by Plant Gene Resources of Canada. Seven quantitative seed characters were studied: 1000 seed weight, seed oil concentration and fatty acid proportion of palmitic acid (16:0), stearic acid (18:0), oleic acid (18:1), linoleic acid (18:2) and α-linolenic acid (18:3). Ten additional morphological characters of high heritability were also recorded. In 13 accessions the intra-accession diversity was assessed based on 4 years of observation of 7–12 pure lines selected randomly from the original accessions. From these 13 accessions, seven showed significant variation among the pure lines for all seven seed characters. In five accessions most seed characters showed significant variation and only in one accession the homogeneity of seed characters dominated. Variation was found in landraces, breeding material and cultivars. In 40 cases an attempt was made to identify pure lines within an accession that significantly exceeded the mean value of the original accession in a seed character, for which the original accession had shown high or low values. In 25 cases and for all seven seed characters such pure lines could be detected. In six cases, the most extreme performing pure lines were not from the same accession, that had the highest or lowest accession mean for the considered character. There was no association of morphological variation with variation of the quantitative seed characters. For genebanks, separation of mixed accessions based on obvious phenotypic diversity and in particular based on characters that create a selective pressure is probably the most efficient way to ensure preservation of a wide range of diversity at reasonable cost. For exploitation of diversity in breeding programmes, pure-lining is very useful. J. Philip Raney—Deceased.     

海南益智野生居群表型多样性分析

[目的]分析益智野生居群间的遗传变异。[方法]统计海南野生益智居群的平均株高、单丛茎杆数、单丛果穗数、单穗重等影响产量的形态表型数据并计算其变异系数。[结果]居群间性状差异显著,变异系数差异较大,具有较丰富的遗传多样性。[结论]可以从海南野生益智群体中筛选出一些优良性状以供益智栽培种的品种改良。