YWS-1型烟田挖坑施肥机的研究设计与应用

为了更好地解决“烟草三农”问题，针对我国烟草种植落后的现状和发展趋势，研究和应用具有稳定挖坑和精量施肥等功能YWS-1型烟田挖坑施肥机。通过性能和生产试验测定和效益分析证明，该机具各项技术、性能指标符合设计要求，解决了烟草种植的问题，具有一定的创新特点和较好的推广和应用价值。     

Foliage‐applied sodium nitroprusside and hydrogen peroxide improves resistance against terminal drought in bread wheat

Terminal drought is threatening the wheat productivity worldwide, which is consumed as a staple food by millions across the globe. This study was conducted to examine the influence of foliage‐applied stress signalling molecules hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂; 50, 100, 150 μm ) and nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP; 50, 100, 150 μm ) on resistance against terminal drought in two bread wheat cultivars Mairaj‐2008 and BARS‐2009. These stress signalling molecules were applied at anthesis stage (BBCH 61); drought was then imposed by maintaining pots at 35% water holding capacity. Terminal drought caused significant reduction in grain yield of both tested bread wheat cultivars; however, foliage application of both stress signalling molecules at either concentration improved the performance of both bread wheat cultivars. Maximum improvement in 100‐grain weight (12.2%), grains per spike (19.7%), water‐use efficiency (WUE; 19.8%), chlorophyll content index (10.7%), total soluble phenolics (21.6%) and free leaf proline (34.3%), and highest reduction in leaf malondialdehyde contents (20.4%) was recorded when H₂O₂ was foliage‐applied at 100 μm . Foliage application of SNP enhanced the grains per spike, 100‐grain weight and grain yield by 14.9%, 11.3% and 20.1%, respectively, than control. The foliage‐applied stress signalling molecules improved the accumulation of soluble phenolics, proline and glycine betaine with simultaneous reduction in malondialdehyde contents, which enabled wheat plants to sustain the biological membranes under stress resulting in better stay green (high chlorophyll contents) under drought. This helped improving the grain number, grain weight, grain yield, WUE and transpiration efficiency. In crux, foliage‐applied H₂O₂ and SNP, at pre‐optimized rate, may be opted to lessen the drought‐induced yield losses in bread wheat in climate change conditions.     

半地下带保温夹套发酵罐的应用

通过对半地下带保温夹套的发酵罐与普通发酵罐24 h的温度变化和6 d的产气量的对比试验分析,结果表明:采用半地下带保温夹套发酵罐发酵,24 h的温度变化缓慢,受外界温度变化影响小,高温持续的时间较长,利于微生物发酵;产气总量多,持续时间长。     

试验条件对标准橡胶塑性初值和保持率的影响与分析

通过测试不同厚度的试样和改变相同厚度试样的老化时间及温度来验证和分析试样厚度对塑性初值（P0）、老化条件对塑性保持率（PRI）的影响。试验表明,在其它试验条件不变的情况下,试样厚度偏大塑性初值（P0）也相应偏大,老化时间越长和老化温度越高,老化后的P30和塑性保持率（PRI）就越小。     

Dietary plasticity in Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) in response to long‐term environmental change

Corrigan LJ, Winfield IJ, Hoelzel AR, Lucas MC. Dietary plasticity in Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) in response to long‐term environmental change.
Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2011: 20: 5–13. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S Abstract –  In the face of widespread environmental change impacts, there is a need to better understand mechanisms promoting flexibility and resilience of ecosystem components to such change to inform strategies for conservation. Glacial relict species are especially vulnerable to such changes. We investigated the behavioural responses of a native, glacial relict species, Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) to long‐term environmental changes. It was hypothesised that changes in feeding behaviour would occur as a key intermediary to reduction in habitat availability (through climate change and eutrophication) or competitive interactions [with introduced roach (Rutilus rutilus)]. Stomach content analysis was used to assess the diet of 199 charr caught from Windermere, United Kingdom, in the months of March, June, September and November 2003–2007. The results were compared to data from 1940 to 1951 prior to the environmental changes and revealed a marked increase in the contribution of benthic invertebrates in the present diet. Stable isotope analysis confirms the results of the stomach analysis, suggesting that the charr have switched their diet from zooplanktivory towards benthivory. We discuss the possibility that habitat modification and roach population expansion in Windermere have contributed to changes in charr diet. Complementary studies suggest that this diet shift is more likely to be a response to the increasing roach population than to habitat modification; however, further study in Windermere would be required to elucidate the exact mechanism. Long‐term data sets such as these provide information that is useful for determining the directivity of ecological change and the capability of species to respond to change.     

Projecting future habitat quality of three midwestern reservoir fishes under warming conditions

Rising temperatures caused by climate change are likely to affect cool‐water and warm‐water fishes differently. Yet, forecasts of anticipated temperature effects on fishes of different thermal guilds are lacking, especially in freshwater ecosystems. Towards this end, we used spatially explicit, growth rate potential (GRP) models to project changes in seasonal habitat quality for a warm‐water piscivore (largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides), a cool‐water piscivore (walleye Sander vitreus) and a hybrid piscivore (saugeye S. vitreus × S. canadensis) in two Midwestern reservoirs. We assessed habitat quality for two periods (early and middle 21st century) under two realistic greenhouse gas emission scenarios (a mid‐century emissions peak and a rapid continuous increase in emissions). Largemouth bass were projected to experience enhanced or slightly reduced habitat during all seasons, and throughout the mid‐21st century. By contrast, walleye habitat was projected to decline with anticipated warming, except during the spring in the smaller of our two study reservoirs and during the fall in the larger of our two study reservoirs. Saugeye habitat was projected to either increase modestly or decline slightly during the spring and fall and declines in habitat quality and quantity that were smaller than those for walleye were identified during summer. Collectively, our findings indicate that climate warming will differentially alter habitat suitability for reservoir piscivores, favouring warm‐water species over cool‐water species. We expect these changes in habitat quality to impact the dynamics of reservoir fish populations to varying degrees necessitating the consideration of climate when making future management decisions.     

包装测试课程体系改革

分析了目前包装工程专业发展中课程教学环节的典型问题,并针对包装测试课程理论系统性强、难度大、内容多、课时有限等突出问题,从教材、课程内容、课时分配等方面提出了系统讲述理论知识、合理安排学时、充分发挥自学等针对性的解决方法,促进包装专业教学的改革和进一步发展。     

独立圆盘耙单体排列参数对秸秆堵塞影响研究

为对秸秆覆盖混埋还田耕整地技术模式进行深入研究,需要研发配套圆盘耙联合整地机具,机具研发过程中首先要解决受秸秆影响的堵塞问题。通过进行影响因素的单因素试验和3因素3水平正交试验,探索独立连接圆盘耙单体排列参数对秸秆堵塞问题的影响规律。通过单因素试验确定对应机具通过性评分为3分的三个因素临界值:耙片间距为275 mm,横梁间距为900 mm,错位间距取值全部满足试验要求。正交试验极差分析结果表明:耙片排列参数对机具堵塞影响主次顺序为耙片间距B,横梁间距L,错位间距S;机具通过性的较优组合为耙片间距325 mm,横梁间距1 100 mm,错位间距0 mm。正交试验方差分析结果表明机具排列参数耙片间距和横梁间距对机具堵塞影响显著,错位间距对机具堵塞影响不显著。正交试验回归分析结果得到拟合度较高的机具通过性回归方程:T=0.833B+0.667L。本文试验结果为圆盘耙联合整地机的开发与设计提供数据参考。     

泵闸建设对白莲泾河段水质的影响

2007年4月-2009年4月对上海白莲泾河段水体环境质量进行了调查,取黄浦江南码头上1个断面和白莲泾上的3个断面,于每月大、小潮当日采集各断面水样,获得了该河段的各项水质指标。2007年10月,白莲泾河道断流,泵闸工程实施。根据监测结果,以DO、BOD₅、COD_Mn、TN和TP为指标参数,利用标准类别指数评价法对建闸工程施工活动的环境影响进行评价,结果发现:TN、TP是白莲泾河段的最主要污染指标,TN的权重系数均超过40%,甚至50%,均为劣Ⅴ类;TP的权重系数均超过10%,甚至30%,其含量是地表水Ⅳ类标准的0.8~5.6倍。总体上,白莲泾河段3个站点的水质劣于黄浦江站点,而施工前水质优于施工后。施工前,大潮期白莲泾河道IV类水比例为29%,较小潮期(8%)高出21%。建闸施工后,大小潮期间出现劣V类水的比例分别为87%和88%,潮汐对白莲泾河段并无显著影响。