网纹甜瓜网纹形成发育研究进展

优美的网纹是网纹甜瓜一个重要品质特征。本文综述了网纹甜瓜网纹形成发育过程中的果实表皮细胞特征,网纹发育相关过氧化物酶活性和相关植物激素对网纹形成的影响,并概括了影响网纹发育的相关外源因素,指出了今后的研究方向。     

系统感染TMV诱导的番茄叶片过氧化物酶

番茄系统感染ＴＭＶ诱导叶片胞外蛋白量增加。叶片过氧化物酶活性升高，分析叶片总活力和叶胞外酶的活力表明，感病番茄过氧化物酶活力主要位于胞外。同工酶分析表明，番茄感染ＴＭＶ后叶片产生了新的过氧化物酶同工酶带，对比叶片胞外蛋白的ＰＡＧＥ图谱表明，一组主要蛋白带具过氧化物酶活力。ＳＤＳ—ＰＡＧＥ的过氧化物酶同工酶复性分析证明，番茄叶片过氧化物酶至少存在两种分子量。     

籼稻离体胚培养中体细胞胚胎发生的研究

成熟稻胚在含2,4-D的MS培养基上产生胚性愈伤组织以及在胚性愈伤组织表面形成许多瘤状突起的原胚状体,组织学研究表明在诱导培养的不同时期,胚性愈伤组织的细胞分裂产生单核胚性细胞、2细胞、4细胞、多细胞及球形胚。随后移到不含2,4-D的分化培养基上培养,胚性愈伤组织产生与水稻合子胚结构相似的成熟体细胞胚状体。结果表明:2,4-D是胚性愈伤组织诱导的必要激素,但抑制球形胚的发育成熟。不同激素处理结果:Br明显抑制植株再生。研究生理生化指标结果表明:在愈伤组织生长分化过程中不同激素处理Br抑制氧化物酶活性;体细胞胚状体在形成、成熟阶段,酶活性及酶带相应增强和增多;当胚状体萌发形成植株时,酶活性及酶带相应下降和减少,随诱导培养时间延长植株再生率降低。     

高矮秆夏谷发育差异与其叶片POD酶谱变化的相关研究

研究了高矮秆夏谷不同发育时期叶片过氧化物酶同工酶 (POD)酶谱变化及其地上部植体动态发育、干物质积累的变化。结果表明 ,谷子叶片 POD酶谱的苗期和抽穗期酶带最丰富 ,高矮秆谷子在孕穗后的发育和灌浆过程中的干物质积累不同。酶谱中的 B1 、C1 和 C2 带与其生长发育有关 ;A2 、A3带与成株期株高有关。高矮秆材料的发育差异可在其叶片的 POD上表达出来     

小麦抗纹枯病鉴定及其方法研究

河南省推广的12个小麦品种抗纹枯病能力有明显差异,但无免疫和高抗品种。其中豫麦2号、鄂恩1号、冀麦5418和宛7107为抗病品种,病情级值0.66～0.90;扬麦5号、豫麦10号、百农3217和信阳861为中抗品种,病情级值1.1～1.33;豫麦17号和豫麦13号为感病品种,病情级值1.78～1.95;豫麦16号和西安8号为高感品种,病情级值2.0～2.8。12个小麦品种过氧化物酶同功酶电泳分析结果表明,在接种纹枯病菌前后,小麦品种的酶带数因抗病力强弱而有不同的变化,抗病能力越强,酶谱变化越小。     

H2O2 Accumulation in Sunflower Leaves as a Consequence of Iron Deprivation

Abstract

The present work aimed at evaluating in sunflower leaves: the relationship between Fe‐deficiency and the possible accumulation of H₂O₂; the activity of some extracellular enzymatic and non‐enzymatic systems involved in H₂O₂ production and scavenging. Iron‐deficient leaves exhibited a significant H₂O₂ accumulation, monitored at extracellular level by electron microscopy analysis. Such an increase in H₂O₂ level could derive from the significant decrease in extracellular ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity, accompanied by a lower APX protein content detected by immuno‐electrophoresis. Also, extracellular ascorbic acid content was significantly affected by Fe‐deficiency, implying a reduced capacity for H₂O₂ scavenging. The contribute of peroxidases (PODs) involved in lignification process in keeping H₂O₂ levels under the toxic threshold was dependent on their subcellular location: the activity of covalently‐bound (CB) isoforms being increased while that of ionically‐bound (IB) ones decreased. NAD(P)H oxidation activity, known to produce H₂O₂, was found to decrease in apoplastic fluid and IB fraction and to slightly increase in the CB fraction. In conclusion, H₂O₂ accumulation observed in Fe‐deficient sunflower leaves seems to be mostly due to a reduced scavenging capacity of ASA, APX, and PODs, although the possibility of increased H₂O₂ production cannot be excluded.     

Effect of Iron Deficiency on Gas Exchange and Catalase and Peroxidase Activity in Citrus

Abstract

The effects of iron (Fe) deficiency on catalase and peroxidase activity, net photosynthesis (Pn), stomatal conductance (g _s ), plant water relations, and specific leaf weight, were studied under greenhouse conditions in two sweet orange (C. sinensis) cultivars grafted on sour orange (Citrus aurantium) and Swingle citrumelo (C. paradisi × P. trifoliata). Iron deficiency caused by the absence of Fe in the Hoagland nutrient solution reduced significantly catalase and peroxidase activity, photosynthesis (Pn), osmotic potential (Ψ _π ), turgor potential (Ψ _p ), and specific leaf weight, but did not influence g _s and leaf water potential (Ψ _L ). Iron deficiency caused by increasing concentrations of bicarbonate supplied as NaHCO₃ (10 and 40 mM) in the nutrient solution reduced significantly g _s , Pn, and Ψ _p and increased Ψ _L and Ψ _π . Furthermore, remarkable differences were recorded between the various cultivars/rootstocks combinations.     

油菜叶绿体同工酶的研究

本实验采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶盘状电泳的方法和酶电游图谱扫描以及对酶液中酶活和蛋白质含量的测定,研究了杂种油菜F_1(S45×81008—34)及其亲本在初花期的叶绿体过氧化物酶同工酶。结果表明:(1)过氧化物酶同工酶在叶绿体中是真实存在的。(2)F_1叶绿体的过氧化物酶同工酶图谱显示出杂种油菜F_1不仅具有它的亲本的互补酶而且还具有它的亲本没有的杂种酶,它明显地表现出杂种优势。(3)杂种油菜F_1的酶液中的酶活及蛋白质的含量皆高于它的亲本的酶活和蛋白质含量。     

多胺对光下离体玉米叶片细胞保护酶活性的影响

本文以水培玉米幼苗为材料，研究了多胺(精胺与亚精胺)对其离体叶片衰老过程中细胞保护酶活性的影响。结果表明，SOD、POD和CAT活性随时间延长而降低，精胺和亚精胺处理增加POD和CAT活性，且精胺的效果比亚精胺明显。亚精胺抑制SOD活性，在处理的前两天精胺对SOD活性也有抑制作用，但3天后促进SOD活性。叶绿素和可溶性蛋白含量亦随时间递增而降低，精胺和亚精胺能阻止叶绿素和可溶性蛋白的降解。     

Concentration-dependent effect of salicylic acid application on wheat seedling resistance to take-all fungus, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gaeumannomyces graminis</Emphasis> var. <Emphasis Type="Italic">tritici</Emphasis>

Application of 0.1 and 0.2 mM salicylic acid (SA) significantly reduced take-all disease caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt) and increased the root and shoot lengths and biomass, whereas 0.5 and 1 mM SA had no significant effect. The effective SA concentrations also increased the activities of soluble peroxidase (SPOX) and cell-wall-bound peroxidase (CWPOX) and the concentration of total phenolic compounds. SPOX activity was highest at days 4 and 3 in healthy roots and those inoculated with Ggt, respectively, and that of CWPOX at day 6 in both healthy and inoculated roots. The concentration of phenolic compound was also highest at day 3 in both healthy roots and those inoculated with Ggt. The results indicate that the protective effect of SA depends on certain concentrations which increase peroxidase activity and phenolic compounds accumulation in the wheat roots; higher SA concentrations did not differ from the controls.