几种沙棘叶片内过氧化物酶同工酶酶谱和酶活性比较

[目的]为沙棘的选种、开发和利用方面提供参考依据。[方法]以3个沙棘品种（齐棘Ⅰ号、阿列依、楚伊）的嫩叶为材料,测定了它们的POD酶谱和酶活性。[结果]酶谱带染色结果表明,齐棘Ⅰ号酶活性最强,阿列依次之,楚伊较弱。齐棘I号的POD同工酶酶谱带最多,共有9条带,其中深色带5条。阿列依具有4条酶带,其中深色带2条。楚伊具有3条酶带,其中深色带1条。△OD／（min·g）值愈大则酶活性愈强。齐棘Ⅰ号、阿列依、楚伊的△OD／（min·g）值分别为0．112、0．100和0．092。[结论]供试的3种沙棘POD活性顺序为：齐棘Ⅰ号〉阿列依〉楚伊．其抗逆性由强至弱依次为齐棘Ⅰ号〉阿列依〉楚伊。     

NaCl盐胁迫对锦鸡儿保护酶系的影响

[目的]探索锦鸡儿在盐胁迫下的生化指标。[方法]对锦鸡儿幼苗进行不同浓度的NaCl处理,测定并比较了幼苗体内SOD、CAT和POD活性的变化。[结果]在NaCl胁迫下,锦鸡儿幼苗体内SOD、POD和CAT活性随NaCl浓度的增高均呈先上升后下降的趋势,并可清除幼苗体内的部分活性氧,对幼苗起一定的保护作用。这3种酶活性在NaCl浓度为300mmol／L时均出现峰值,超过这个临界浓度后均显著下降。锦鸡儿幼苗体内活性氧的保护酶体系主要途径是SOD—POD＋CAT。SOD一直保持较高水平,可清除超氧自由基使幼苗初期免受伤害,同时,SOD催化超氧自由基的产物由POD和CAT共同协作来清除,表明3种酶的协同作用增强了植物对逆境的忍耐力。[结论]300mmol／L的NaCl浓度是适宜锦鸡儿生长的临界土壤盐浓度。     

耐低钾玉米苗期O2·含量、POD活性及其与钾素分布的关系

以耐低钾玉米自交系和不耐低钾玉米自交系为试验材料,比较低钾胁迫条件下两个玉米自交系苗期各个部位超氧阴离子(O2)产生速率、过氧化物酶(POD)活性和钾素分布的动态变化。结果表明,低钾胁迫下耐低钾玉米自交系上部叶片的O2产生速率较低,叶片及根系的POD活性较稳定,能将较多的钾素转移到上部叶片;钾离子在植株体中的分布与O2数量、POD活性存在相关性。     

磷胁迫对油菜幼苗Apase·POD ·CAT活性的影响

以耐低磷油菜品种中油821为材料,研究足磷和缺磷条件下幼苗的形态和生理生化特性。对甘蓝型油菜821足磷和缺磷处理后的形态比较观察发现,缺磷处理后,形态学与对照有明显变化。地上部分真叶生长缓慢,植株矮小,叶片较小,叶柄较粗;地下部分主根细、纤弱。对油菜幼苗根部的酸性磷酸酶活性检测发现,缺磷处理后,酶的活性显著增加,且随着胁迫时间的延长,酶的活性随之增大。酸性磷酸酶活性的变化表现出油菜根部对低磷胁迫的适应性反应。对磷胁迫下油菜幼苗叶片的过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性测定发现,在磷胁迫的初期2个酶的活性均显著增加,且随着处理时间的延长,过氧化物酶的活力逐渐降低,而过氧化氢酶的活力则变化不明显。     

Effects of flax lignin addition on enzymatic oxidation of poly(ethylene adipate) urethanes

Lignin use in polymer industry has recently become very attractive from both economical and environmental reasons. In the specific case of blending, the addition of low lignin amounts was found to improve the properties and extends the application field of other natural or synthetic polymers, but the effects of oxidative enzymes on resulting blends are widely unknown. Thereby, the current study was carried out to determine some potential effects of small flax lignin concentrations (4.2 and 9.3 wt%) on the enzymatic degradation of a poly(ethylene adipate) urethane (PU). Thin cast films of PU and its lignin blends were incubated for 3 days at 30 °C with buffered solutions of fungal peroxidase and laccase extracted from Aspergillus sp., and compared with the untreated ones. Changes in surface structure and morphology were investigated by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while the impact on bulk was assessed from tensile tests and thermogravimetry analysis (TGA). Although the addition of flax lignin reduces the surface structural modifications after enzyme treatment, the morphology, tensile and thermo-oxidative characteristics are still affected, with laccase showing the higher degradative efficiency. The lignin concentration, its high impact on the resulting blends morphology and relative low resistance to laccase and peroxidase degradation was the most important factors proved to driven the enzymatic oxidation.     

不同地区罗布红麻和罗布白麻的过氧化物同工酶分析

[目的]对不同地区罗布红麻和罗布白麻的过氧化物同工酶进行分析。[方法]采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法进行分析,并应用相似系数方法对其亲缘关系进行研究。[结果]不同地区的罗布红麻和罗布白麻的过氧化物酶酶谱分为A、B、C3个区域,其中,活性最强的是A、C区,所有供试样品显现出3种酶谱谱型,10种酶谱谱带,并且在酶谱特征、种间（内）相似程度上均有明显差异,说明种间（内）遗传差异较大。宁夏地区的罗布白麻与其他3个地区的罗布红麻亲缘关系最远,新疆地区的罗布红麻与内蒙古、宁夏地区的罗布红麻的亲缘关系很亲近,但与宁夏地区的罗布白麻无亲缘关系,内蒙古、宁夏地区的罗布红麻与宁夏地区的罗布白麻亲缘关系比较亲近。[结论]该研究可为进一步研究罗布麻的亲缘关系奠定基础。     

保鲜功能微生物FJAT-0809-GLX对龙眼保鲜特性的研究

不同腐烂等级的龙眼果皮POD和PPO酶活性有所不同,0～3级,POD酶活性12 000 U/min.g,而4级以后POD酶活性均大于12 000 U/min.g;0～3级,PPO酶活性均小于600 U/min.g,而4级和5级的PPO酶活性均大于600 U/min.g,说明随着龙眼果实腐烂程度的加深,烂果的果皮POD和PPO酶活性达到最高。使用保鲜功能微生物FJAT-0809-GLX处理后龙眼果皮的POD和PPO酶活性明显小于对照处理,且基本不影响龙眼果实的可溶性固形物含量,保鲜功能微生物FJAT-0809-GLX处理后龙眼的好果率最高为47.24%,而脱粒率最低,为10.95%,说明保鲜功能微生物FJAT-0809-GLX对龙眼果实具有较好的保鲜效果。     

栽培稻杂交后代保护酶活性的变化

以抗水稻细菌性条斑病（简称细条病）的普通野生稻DY3和感病轮回亲本9311组合构建了BC2F2群体．分蘖期用针刺法人工接种广西细菌性条斑病菌优势致病型菌株JZ28,选取其中的1、3、5、7、9级植株为材料,在孕穗期接种第2次,研究接种细条病后水稻叶片防御酶活性的变化动态及其与抗病性的关系。结果表明：高抗病1级与高感病9级材料的苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量与对照亲本时间动态变化趋势相似,而过氧化物酶（POD）活性变化不一致;不同抗病等级之间,苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性和过氧化氢酶活性在极端抗感材料之间差异显著．超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶活性和丙二醛含量差异不显著．     

小麦对白粉菌过敏性反应与H_2O_2及3种氧化酶活性变化的关系(英文)

[目的]研究小麦对白粉菌过敏性反应与H2O2及3种氧化酶活性变化的关系,为探讨小麦对白粉菌抗性生理机制奠定基础。[方法]以白粉菌菌株17(Bgt17)和菌株6(Bgt6)及小麦品种扬158为试验材料,测定H2O2处理的小麦叶片过敏性细胞数量及POD、PPO、SOD酶活性。POD活性测定参照Hammershmidt方法并加以改进,用0.05mmol/LpH值为5.5的磷酸缓冲液进行提取,以愈创木酚作为底物测定,以1minA470变化0.01为1个酶活力单位;PPO活性测定参照ConstableandRyan方法进行,用0.05mmol/LpH值为5.5的磷酸缓冲液提取,以儿茶酚为底物测定,以1minA525变化0.01为PPO活力单位;SOD活性的测定参照Levine等方法进行,用提取液(50mmol/LMet,0.1mol/LpH值为7.8的磷酸缓冲液,1mmol/L二硫苏糖醇(DDT))提取。测定SOD对氮蓝四唑(NBT)光还原的抑制率,以抑制NBT光还原50%为1个酶活力单位。[结果]乳突在亲和性与非亲和性组合叶表细胞形成的差异不大,非亲和性反应叶表细胞过敏性反应发生早且明显比亲和性反应多;接种Bgt17后不同时间及非亲和性组合中含H2O2的过敏性反应细胞频率明显高于亲和性组合;用5、10、20mmol/L抗坏血酸处理后,小麦叶片中过敏性细胞数量显著减少,15.0与30.0mmol/LH2O2处理后诱导亲和性反应小麦叶片中过敏性细胞数量显著增加;接种白粉菌后,小麦叶片中POD、PPO、SOD活性均呈先上升后下降趋势,且非亲和性组合比亲和性组合3种酶的活性高。[结论]HO、PPO、SOD活性与小麦对白粉菌抗性存在一定相关性。     

Differential expression of defence-related proteins in Vigna unguiculata (L. Walp.) seedlings after infection with Fusarium oxysporum

This work aimed to study the induction of defence proteins in cowpea seedlings during the first days after infection with the fungi Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubenses and F. oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli. Cowpea seeds, after disinfection, were transferred to Petri dishes containing 0.5% agar and, after germination, were infected with a drop of a suspension containing 0.5 × 10⁴ spores ml⁻¹. Seedlings were collected at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after infection and were dissected into leaves, hypocotyls, roots, cotyledons and teguments, which were measured and weighed for morphometric analysis. The agar medium was also analyzed. Enzymatic assays of proteic extracts yielded antimicrobial peptides detected by Western blotting. The cowpea seedlings showed a complex pattern of induction and repression of defence proteins in response to infection by both pathogens. Furthermore, morphometric analysis showed differences between infected and control seedlings. Infected samples did not at any time exhibit chitinase activity, but did exhibit different β-1,3-glucanase and peroxidase activities. Western blotting for lipid transfer protein (LTP) demonstrated its presence in all parts of the infected seedlings. Exuded proteins, also obtained from cowpea seeds in the germination medium, were separated by SDS-PAGE and tricine gel electrophoresis. The analysis showed that some proteins were exuded from moistened cowpea seeds, particularly after F. oxysporum infection.