用过氧化物酶同工酶对中国葡萄属野生种分类和亲缘关系的研究

用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（ＰＡＧＥ）对我国葡萄属１２个野生种和变种进行了过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）同工酶的研究。结果如下：绘制了葡萄属的基本酶谱，共分离出３５条酶带，用过氧化物酶同工酶酶谱可把供试材料分为三组。综合同工酶谱和聚类分析的结果，认为刺葡萄，秋葡萄、复叶葡萄、瘤枝葡萄和华东葡萄是葡萄属中较原始的类型，山葡萄、燕山葡萄、和麦黄葡萄是较进化的类型，种的分组与进化和地理分布有关。     

Research on the heredity and variation of the peruxidase isoenzyme of needles ofpinus koraiensis

Through the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of thirty-two needle samples of ninty-years oldpinus koraiensis in Harbin, seven typies of zone and distribution of the zone frequency, and some objective fact of heredity and variation were determined. These informations can be used as reference materials in the research of heredity and variation ofpinus koraiensis.     

白灵菇木质素降解酶系的检测及其染料脱色能力的研究

[目的]明确白灵菇(Pleurotus ferulae)分泌木质素过氧化物酶(LiP)、锰过氧化物酶(MnP)和漆酶(Laccase)的规律,以及白灵菇染料脱色的能力。[方法]利用紫外可见分光光度计,检测4种培养方式下白灵菇木质素降解酶活性,并在此基础上进行了白灵菇对5种染料的脱色研究。[结果]4种培养方式下,可以检测到MnP和Laccase的活性,但并未检测到LiP。添加Mn2+和2,6-二甲氧基苯酚(2,6-DMP)对MnP和Laccase的产生有抑制作用,而添加青杨木屑可以将MnP的活性提高1.28倍,将Laccase的活性提高3.75倍;白灵菇对中性红和活性黑2种染料的最大脱色率分别为87.12%和86.13%,对活性红和刚果红的最大脱色率分别为45.91%和32.28%,而对结晶紫几乎无脱色能力。[结论]白灵菇产Laccace活性要高于MnP;与脱色活性红、刚果红、结晶紫相比,白灵菇对中性红和活性黑2种染料的脱色更为彻底。     

大豆锈病与过氧化物酶同工酶关系的初步研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳，研究了大豆锈病不同严重度、离病斑中心不同距离，以及抗感锈病不同品种接种后病程与过氧化物酶同工酶的关系，结果表明：发病不同严重度（Ｉ￣Ⅲ级）比对照（未接种０级）酶谱带多１￣２条，活性由大到小依次为Ⅱ级〉Ｉ级〉Ⅲ级〉０级；离病斑中心越近酶带越多，且酶活性越强；随着接种时间的推迟（０￣３２小时）过氧化物酶带数增多，酶活性增强；抗病品种与感病品种接种后相同时间进行比较，抗病品种比感     

梨属间及~(60)Coγ射线辐射诱变朝鲜洋梨新品系过氧化物酶同工酶的研究

试验采用聚丙烯凝胶电泳对梨属的秋子梨、沙梨、西洋梨、杜梨、矮化梨及朝鲜洋梨辐射优系共37个品种(系)嫩枝的韧皮部提取液进行过氧化物酶同工酶的测定,结果表明:梨属植物不同种间的谱带差异较大,种内品种间差异较小。矮化品种及矮化砧的谱带均较复杂,朝鲜洋梨辐射新品系的主要谱带均显现一条强谱带的缺失,或由强带向弱带的变化。由此认为用过氧化物酶同工酶来鉴定梨的种属,品种及新品种(系)的形成是一条可行的途径。     

不同剂量~(60)Co-γ射线对小麦、水稻幼苗生长的影响

用10—30KR剂量~(60)CO—γ射线处理小麦中引15、St和水稻沪B干种子、幼苗生长期胚根、子叶发育受到明显抑制.对幼苗生长的影响后期(萌发5天后)比早期(开始萌发至萌发第5天)明显,芽鞘的发育对γ射线不敏感.过氧化物酶同工酶的分析结果表明,发育受抑的小麦St、水稻沪B胚根中各增加1—2条负极酶带;发育受抑的小麦中引15、St、水稻沪B子叶中,过氧化物酶同工酶没有产生变化,而从外部形态特征上看没有变化的中引15芽鞘中比对照多2条正极带.上述结果表明,经r射线照射后,植物外部形态特征的变化与内部过氧化物酶同工酶的变化并不完全相关.     

Inheritance of peroxidase isozymes in mulberry (Morus spp.)

Summary Electrophoretic variants of peroxidase in mulberry (Morus spp.) were demonstrated by thin-layer gel isoelectric focusing. Of these variants, three isozyme band groups were found to be controlled by codominant alleles at a single locus. The gene symbol Px ₁ was given to this locus, with alleles Px ₁ ¹ and Px ₁ ² assigned to the A6-A7-A8 and A7-A8-A9 band groups, respectively. The A6-A7-A8-A9 band group proved to be controlled by the Px ₁ ¹ and Px ₁ ² heterozygote.Additional experiments showed that among the three banding types, there were no statistically significant differences in leaf blade length, leaf blade width, length-width ratio of leaf blade, internode length, phyllotaxis, leaf shape, tree vigor and resistance to powdery mildew, but there were significant differences in leafstalk length.     

镉对小麦幼苗的生长和生理生化反应的影响

镉对小麦幼苗和根系生长有抑制作用,尤以对根系的抑制更为显著,但镉浓度为5ppm时,有刺激生长的作用.幼苗的脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白质含量随镉浓度的增加而增加,尤其在高浓度镉下脯氨酸含量剧增,电解质外渗率也明显增大.镉使胚乳中的α-淀粉酶活性降低,这种效应随镉浓度增高而加强,随幼苗的生长却趋于减弱.镉诱导根的正、负极向过氧化物酶同工酶产生新谱带,并使原有的一些谱带活性增强.上述结果显示出镉使小麦幼苗的细胞结构和功能受到损害,而小麦幼苗对镉害也表现出一定的适应性保护反应.     

Influence of selenium on oxidoreductive enzymes activity in soil and in plants

The aim of this greenhouse experiment was the assessment of the influence of H₂SeO₃ at soil concentrations of 0.05, 0.15 and 0.45 mmol kg⁻¹, on the activity of selected oxidoreductive enzymes in wheat (Triticum aestivum). The wheat plants were grown in 2 dm³ pots filled with dust-silt black soil of pH 7.7. Applied H₂SeO₃ caused activation of plant nitrate reductase at all concentrations, but activation of plant polyphenol oxidase at only two lower concentrations. The highest concentration caused inhibition of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase. Plant catalase activity decreased under the influence of 0.15 and 0.45 mmol kg⁻¹ concentration. After the final analysis Se was quantified in plants and soil. The amounts in plants were: control (unamended soil) 1.95 mg kg⁻¹; I dose (0.05 mmol kg⁻¹) 18.27 mg kg⁻¹; II dose (0.15 mmol kg⁻¹) 33.20 mg kg⁻¹ and III dose (0.45 mmol kg⁻¹) 38.37 mg kg⁻¹, in soil: 0.265 mg kg⁻¹; 3.61 mg kg⁻¹; 10.53 mg kg⁻¹; 30.53 mg kg⁻¹; respectively. Simultaneously, a laboratory experiment was performed, where the activity of soil catalase and peroxidase were tested after 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, 56, and 112 days after Se treatment. Peroxidase activity in soil decreased with increasing Se content, over the whole experiment. The lowest dose of Se caused activation a significant 10% increase in catalase activity, but the influence of others doses was unclear.     

非洲菊过氧化物酶同工酶酶谱分析

分别以 6个品种非洲菊的成熟叶片和中心筒状花为试材 ,采用垂直平板聚丙烯凝胶电泳对其中的过氧化物酶同工酶进行分析。结果发现 ,该方法能够清楚地显示各品种间亲缘关系的远近 ;而且证明 ,中心筒状花不适于进行过氧化物酶同工酶分析。根据电泳显示的各品种条带分布 ,大致勾勒出功能叶片的酶谱类型。非洲菊的外部形态特征与同工酶鉴定结果在某些品种上存在差异 ,可能是环境因素的作用