我国农村环境教育的重要性

在我国农村,环境污染所造成的环境质量下降已经对农业经济的发展和人们的身体健康产生了严重的影响。为提高农村环境质量和推进新农村建设,阐述了对领导干部、农民和企业这3个群体的环境教育,提高他们的环境意识,为我国经济持续健康的发展奠定良好基础。     

细河污染物在地下水中运移规律的模拟研究

为了研究河水中污染物在地下水中运移规律,分析了细河污染对地下水的影响,根据细河水文地质条件建立了污染物在地下水中运移的2区动力学模型,对河水中氨氮、总硬度等组分在地下水中的运移规律进行了模拟研究。结果表明,随运移距离的增加,污染物浓度逐渐降低;地下含水层对河流中部分污染物具有较强的去除能力,如对氨氮、耗氧量的去除率可达98%以上;水分蒸发对部分污染物具有浓缩作用,地下水中总硬度等组分浓度逐渐升高,并高于污染源浓度。     

磷矿周围环境砷污染情况调查

调查磷矿周围环境和畜禽组织砷含量,为掌握磷矿区周围畜禽产品安全提供依据。采用原子吸收光谱法进行测定。结果表明,环境中砷含量从高到低依次为水体、白菜、土壤、大米、玉米、牧草,而辣椒和萝卜未检出砷;鸡内脏及肌肉砷含量从高到低依次为肾脏、肺脏、心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肌肉;鸭内脏及肌肉砷含量从高到低依次为肾脏、肝脏、肺脏、肌肉、脾脏、心脏;猪内脏及肌肉砷含量从高到低依次为肠、肾脏、肝脏、脾脏,而心脏、肺脏和肌肉未检出。说明磷矿周围饲养的畜禽存在砷污染现象。     

贵州尾矿区野生豆科牧草根瘤菌及其抗性测定

为了筛选获得对复合重金属具有耐受能力且能在本地豆科植物根系内定殖共生的抗性根瘤菌,本研究从贵州省内的锰矿区、铅锌矿区采集野生豆科牧草根瘤样品,经分离纯化、菌体形态观察、16S rRNA基因序列比对分析,获得71个根瘤菌保存菌株。系统发育和区系分析结果表明,分离菌株分属7属28种,其中根瘤菌属(Rhizobium)的分布频率高达54.93%,为优势属,木兰根瘤菌(R.indigoferae)的分布频率最高(15.49%),为优势种。选择来自不同尾矿区、不同种类的根瘤菌17株,采用重金属平板法测定各供试菌株对贵州尾矿土分布较多的Pb²⁺,Zn²⁺,Cr⁶⁺,Mn²⁺,Cd²⁺五种重金属的耐受性,结果发现17个菌株对3种或3种以上的重金属都具有不同程度的耐受能力,其中HMZT039-6,HSST042-6,HSST042-1,ZHQT052-1和HXTT050-1对5种重金属离子均有耐受能力,为筛选出的最优抗性根瘤菌株。本研究结果可为本地区土壤重金属污染的修复治理提供共生微生物资源。     

Calculation and Measurement of Electric Field along Polluted Cylindrical Insulator

In this paper,the electrical field distribution along the polluted cylindrical insu-lator before a nd after the local a re appea rs is calculated with the optim lzed pa rtially cha rge simula-tinn method and measured with the pockels device. Based on the calculating and measuring results,the in fluen ce of the electric field distri bu tion on the propagation of local a re in the flashover ofcyIlndrical insufator under various conditions is analyzed systematieally.     

A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF FUZZY EVALUATION METHOD FOR ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

The problem of fuzzy evaluation of environmental pollution is importantboth in environment science and in environmental protection.Usual evaluationmethods have their own characteristics.This paper puts forward a mathematicalmodel of fuzzy evaluation method in grades by means of systematic analysisfor environmental pollution.At the same time,it assigns weighted values byordering based on paired comparison.     

农村污染缓流水体的修复研究

农村缓流水体是维系乡村生态平衡的重要组成部分, 水质污染已成为国内乡村缓流水体普遍现状。讨论了农村缓流水体的污染成因，并以水生植物大漂为水体修复主体，进行了大漂的水体修复特性的试验，讨论了在可控条件下用大漂对缓流污染水体进行修复治理的植物修复技术及大漂在水体修复中可能带来的生态风险及其防范。     

Fractional Distribution of Lead and Cadmium in Sludge and Soil Amended with Sludge Compost

Sludge is produced wherever sewage purification takes place. The amount of municipal dry sludge in China is more than 5.0×106 t per year. There are lots of soil nutrients, such as nitrogen, phosphorus and or- ganic matters contained in sludge, but heavy …     

Heavy metal and chlorinated hydrocarbon contamination of selected aquatic sediments from the Berlin area

Sediments from the Berlin area were analysed for heavy metals and chlorinated hydrocarbons. the sedimentological and hydrogeological aspects of the Holocene sediments are discussed and an adapted sampling device for muds with a high water content is described. the contamination of surface sediments and dated cores is shown back in the 19th century; the hydrological influences on the degree of contamination and potential threats to groundwater and, via remobilisation, to surface waters are considered. It is concluded that the sediments of the Berlin area are highly contaminated.     

Soil and sediment contamination by persistent organic pollutants in the Moravian and Slovakian parts of the danube catchment area and some Bohemian sites in the elbe catchment area

Polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans, HCBs and p, p'-DDE were determined in soil and sediment samples from selected sites in Czecho-Slovakia. for the first three groups of chemicals soil pollution in Czecho-Slovakia is very high. in general, The pollution is higher in the Elbe than in the Danube catchment sediments.