多效唑喷施浓度及时期对谷子性状及品质的影响

摘 要：为探明多效唑对谷子优质品种‘晋谷21号’的调控效果,提高‘晋谷21号’的抗逆性能,在3叶期、6叶期、9叶期三个时期,以0.2%、0.3%、0.4%、0.5%、0.6% 五个浓度作了喷施多效唑试验。结果表明：喷施多效唑后,对‘晋谷21号’谷子下部节间长度（1~9节）有明显的抑制作用,并减少节间数量,使株高明显降低;喷多效唑的最佳时期为谷子出苗后9叶期;喷施多效唑的最佳浓度为0.4%~0.5%;喷施多效唑后不会影响‘晋谷21号’的谷子产量和小米品质。     

多效唑对苜蓿种子增产效果的研究

采用叶面喷施0.03;、0.04;和0.05; 三个浓度的多效唑,研究苜蓿种子增产效果.结果表明,多效唑对苜蓿种子产量与其构成因素均有影响, 可增加有效分枝数、结荚花序数和千粒重.在三个处理中,以0.05;浓度的效果最好,产量比对照增加16.04;.二级分枝数增加12.71;,结荚花序数增加28.17;,千粒重增加4.79;.     

春季氮肥和多效唑调控对小麦生育和产量的影响

为明确春季调控措施对冬小麦生长发育和籽粒产量的影响,以冬小麦品种石新828为材料进行田间试验,4个处理分别为:起身期追全部氮肥(除基肥外,下同)并叶面喷多效唑(N1);起身期追2/3氮肥并喷多效唑+拔节期追1/3氮肥(N2);起身期追1/3氮肥+拔节期追2/3氮肥(N3);拔节期追全部氮肥(N4)。生育期间测定群体和个体生育特性,成熟期调查产量性状。结果表明,N1和N2处理小麦拔节期的总茎数、叶面积指数(LAI)和干物质积累量均显著高于N4和N3处理。孕穗期N4和N3处理小麦的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量显著高于N1和N2处理。开花到成熟期各处理的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量差异均不显著。孕穗期前,不同处理的株高差异不显著,孕穗期后,N4处理的株高最高,且显著高于N1处理。各处理基部节间直径和中上部节间长的差异不显著,N4处理基部第一节间长度显著大于其他处理。随追氮时期前移或前期施氮量增多,不孕小穗数减少,结实小穗和穗粒数增加,N1比N4处理不孕小穗数显著减少,结实小穗和穗粒数显著增多。N1处理小麦成熟期的千粒重最高,且显著高于N4处理。N1处理的籽粒产量最高,且显著高于N3和N4处理。起身期追氮配合多效唑调控,可以获得比拔节期追氮更高的穗粒数和千粒重,从而获得更高的产量。     

多效唑、烯效唑调节花生生长的对比试验

通过对比试验,明确15%多效唑WP、5%烯效唑WP植物生长延缓剂调节花生生长的异同点,确定最适使用剂量。试验结果表明：两者均能很好地控制花生营养生长,降低花生株高,提高花生饱果数,增加花生产量。从控制营养生长的能力上看,15%多效唑WP强于5%烯效唑WP。从提高花生饱果数、增加花生产量方面看,两者的表现基本一致。     

氯丁唑不同施用方法对新红星幼树生长发育和开花结果的影响

[目的]为了解决新红星苹果幼树营养生长强旺,冠内枝条容易直立,进入盛果期较晚,采用常规方法管理树体费工费时的问题。[方法]设4个处理(Ⅰ喷施1500mg/kg、Ⅱ埋施1.5g/穴、Ⅲ埋施1.8g/穴、Ⅳ埋施2.2g/穴),研究了氯丁唑的喷施和土壤埋施的不同方法对新红星苹果幼树的生长发育、花芽分化及单株产量的影响。[结果]随着氯丁唑使用量的增加,主干粗度生长呈递减的趋势;当年处理Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ分别比对照生长量降低了45.97%、37.39%、48.64%、61.47%。第2年,降低了18.64%、32.03%、55.15%和59.93%,各处理的春梢顶芽封顶时间比对照早7～13d。平均株产和单果重不同处理间亦存在显著差异。[结论]施用氯丁唑可以有效抑制新红星苹果幼树的营养生长,促进生殖生长,以每穴埋施1.5g效果最佳。     

籽莲施用多效唑效应初报

通过对籽莲施用多效唑简比试验。试验结果表明,籽莲施用多效唑后,节间长度缩短11.4%,叶柄和花柄高度分别降低3.2%和4.8%,粗度分别增加16.5%和13.0%,莲蓬折断率减少72.7%,同时叶片增厚、叶色浓绿、叶面积增大,蓬数增多9.4%,每蓬心皮数增多2.9%,粒质量增加1.2%,产量增幅8.8%。     

多效唑对百子莲花葶矮化效应的研究

以3年生盆栽百子莲品种‘Big Blue'为试材,研究不同浓度的多效唑对百子莲花葶生长、细胞形态和生理指标的影响.结果表明,不同浓度的多效唑处理对百子莲花葶生长和细胞纵向生长均有不同程度地抑制作用,且花葶长度随着多效唑浓度的增加而呈下降趋势.其中以400 mg/L的多效唑处理效果最佳,其花葶长度比对照平均缩短了61.1％.另外,由相关性分析得出花葶长度与其上、下部细胞长度极显著正相关,相关系数为0.772和0.806.由切片组织化学分析和生理指标测定结果表明,多效唑处理明显提高了花葶中可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖和淀粉的含量.     

不同生育期喷施多效唑对马铃薯产量及品质的影响

[目的]为了探讨多效唑的施用时期和次数对马铃薯产量和品质的影响.[方法]在大田栽培条件下,采用单因素随机区组试验,以晋薯16号作为供试品种,分别在马铃薯现蕾期、初花期、盛花期喷施不同次数多效唑,研究其对地上部鲜重、大中小薯重、淀粉含量、可溶性蛋白含量、维生素C含量和还原糖含量指标的调控作用.[结果]各处理均可有效提高马铃薯产量和改善其品质,其中在现蕾期和初花期各喷施一次多效唑处理的效果最好,产量高达32 816.4 kg/hm2,较对照提高了31.64％,淀粉、可溶性蛋白、维生素C含量分别比对照增加28.41％、40.05％、59.23％,还原糖含量比对照降低25.19％.[结论]该研究可为马铃薯高产优质栽培提供理论依据.     

多效唑对酸雨胁迫下龙眼幼苗生理特性的影响

[目的]研究酸雨胁迫下多效唑对龙眼幼苗生理特性的影响,为改善龙眼的抗性提供科学依据。[方法]研究不同浓度多效唑(0、100、200、300、400和500 mg/L)对酸雨胁迫下龙眼幼苗叶片丙二醛含量、电解质渗漏率、光合色素含量、抗氧化酶活性等生理特性的影响。[结果]龙眼幼苗喷施一定浓度多效唑能减少酸雨胁迫时丙二醛的积累和电解质渗漏率;多效唑能够激活龙眼幼苗叶片的SOD、POD和CAT活性,减轻膜脂过氧化作用;多效唑减缓龙眼幼苗叶片叶绿素和类胡萝卜素的分解,降低蒸腾速率,提高气孔导度和净光合速率,提高叶片中可溶性糖和蛋白质含量。[结论]多效唑通过激活龙眼叶片抗氧化酶活性,减轻氧化胁迫,缓解酸雨胁迫下的生理效应;300 mg/L多效唑是缓解龙眼幼苗酸雨胁迫的适宜浓度。     

Effect of silvicultural treatments on growth,fertility and capsule traits in seedling seed orchards of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Eucalyptus camaldulensis</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">E. tereticornis</Emphasis>

The effects of nutritional treatments and the flowering promoter Paclobutrazol™ on tree growth and fertility were studied in unpedigreed seedling seed orchards (SSOs) of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and E. tereticornis at two locations in southern India. At Pudukkottai, a semi-arid site in Tamil Nadu State, five treatments were applied: (1) untreated control, (2) nitrogen (two doses of urea at 217 g N/tree), (3) nitrogen plus phosphorus (two doses of 312 g single superphosphate), potassium (two doses of 83 g muriate of potash) and trace elements (two doses of 10 g sodium borate and 25 g zinc sulphate), (4) pollarding trees at 4 m height with application of N, P, K and trace elements, (5) drenching with the flowering promoter Paclobutrazol (0.25 ml active ingredient per cm of stem girth) along with N, P, K and trace elements. At Panampalli, a higher-rainfall site in Kerala State, only treatments 1, 2 and 3 were applied. Four replicates of treatment plots sized 18 m × 18 m, with 22–32 trees per plot were set up in each orchard in randomized complete block designs. Untreated plots of E. camaldulensis and E. tereticornis at Pudukkottai displayed 12 and 21% fertile trees, respectively, in the first year of monitoring, while at Panampally the percentage of fertile trees in untreated E. camaldulensis plots was higher at 72%, and that of E. tereticornis similar at 23%. Both species attained greater stem diameter at breast height at age 9 years at the higher-rainfall location but there was no significant impact of fertilizer application on 9-year diameter at either site. Diameter was reduced by pollarding and Paclobutrazol application at Pudukkottai. Only Paclobutrazol produced a significant increase in fertility in both species for four successive years, increasing the percentage of fertile trees to 59 and 71%, respectively, for E. camaldulensis and E. tereticornis 1 year after application. The number of capsules produced per tree also increased significantly with Paclobutrazol application, although the difference was comparatively less by the fourth year. The number of capsules per umbel did not differ significantly between locations, whereas the germination rate varied between treatments although no consistent trends were observed.