28～56日龄湘黄鸡真可消化钙需要量的研究

在研究了28-56日龄黄鸡的真可消化钙需要量。采用单因子试验设计,将400只健康1日龄的黄鸡随机分成5个处理组,每个处理5个重复,每个重复16只鸡。以磷酸氢钙和石粉为真可消化钙的来源,分别设置了0.28%、0.38%、0.48%、0.58%和0.68%五个真可消化钙水平,进行了为期28d的养殖试验。结果表明,随着钙水平的增加,采食量和日增重有显著下降的趋势,料肉比则为先减少后增加的趋势。湘黄鸡的真可消化钙需要量,当分别以生长性能、最大胫骨灰份和最大胫骨折断力为评定指标时,分别为：0.38%,0.41%和0.45%。     

牛能量需要量测定方法研究进展

能量是牛日粮的第一限制性养分,确定牛能量需要量是合理配制牛饲料、提高饲料利用效率的重要前提。牛能量需要量的测定方法主要有饲养试验、消化代谢试验、呼吸测热法及比较屠宰法等,论文对上述方法进行了简要综述,为合理进行牛能量需要量评定提供参考。     

Study on Proliferation and Apoptosis of EBL Cells Induced by P48 Protein of Mycoplasma bovis

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of P48 protein on proliferation and apoptosis of embryonic bovine lung (EBL) cells.In this study,samples which co-incubated with P48 protein and EBL cells in different concentrations at different time points were collected,the proliferation rate of the cells was detected by MTT method,and the changes in the nuclear morphology of EBL cells were observed by DAPI staining method.Meanwhile,flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis rate of EBL cells induced by P48 protein.Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the changes in mRNA level of apoptotic marker genes,and Western blotting tested the Bax and Beclin-1 protein expressions.The results showed that under the condition of 72 h and 10 μg/mL of protein concentration treatment,P48 extremely significantly inhibited EBL cells proliferation (P<0.01),while 0.1 and 0.5 μg/mL protein concentration had no inhibitory effect (P>0.05).The nuclear morphology showed no significant change after protein induction for 12 h,but wrinkled and condensed at 24 h.The nucleus was fragmented,and a sprouted apoptotic body was appeared at 48 and 72 h.Apoptosis related genes expression showed no obvious increase at 2 and 12 h at mRNA level,but gradually increased at 24,48 and 72 h,and it showed a time-dependent manner.Accordingly,the expression of apoptosis marker proteins Bax and Beclin-1 significantly increased.Flow cytometry analysis showed that the apoptosis rate of EBL cells induced by P48 protein was 48.44%.In conclusion,P48 recombinant protein of Mycoplasmas bovis inhibited the proliferation of EBL cells and promoted their apoptosis,which provided reference for revealing the pathogenic mechanism of Mycoplasmas bovis.     

Effects of forage type,body condition and single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in the bovine cytochrome P450 regulatory region on cow productivity*

Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the coding sequence of cytochrome p450 (CYP3A28) have been associated with milk yield and composition, and calving traits in cows. In this study, we aimed to determine whether (i) the CYP3A28 regulatory region was polymorphic and (ii) SNP genotype, forage type, body condition and their interactions affect cow productivity. Primers for CYP3A28 promoter were designed to amplify a 483‐bp segment by PCR. Amplicon sequences revealed seven SNP (T‐318C, T‐113A, C‐189T, T‐78G, A6G, G17A and T21C) in Brahman (38 cows), Brahman x Angus reciprocal crosses (47 cows) and crossbreds (98 cows). Angus cows (n = 41) appeared to be fixed at those SNP locations. Genotype and forage {endophyte‐infected tall fescue [KY+; Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) S. J. Darbyshire] vs. bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.]} effects on lifetime (8‐years) calving rate, and calf weaning weights and heights were determined in Herd 1 (126 cows); genotype and BC (low vs. moderate) effects on calving date and calving percent were determined in Herd 2 (98 cows). Four SNP (T‐318C, T‐113A, A06G and T21C) appeared to be related to cattle productivity, CC cows at T‐318C having a lower (p < 0.05) lifetime calving rate than TC or TT cows (65%, 85% and 81% respectively). Cows that grazed KY+ and were TT at T‐318C produced calves that tended (p < 0.07) to weigh less than their contemporaries. Moreover, calves of TT cows were shorter (p < 0.05) at weaning than calves of CC or TC cows. In Herd 2, moderate‐BC cows that were TT or AA at T‐318C, T‐113A, T‐78G, A6G and T21C had greater (p < 0.05) calving rates (74–80%) than heterozygous cows (46–60%), and low‐BC cows that were AA at G17A calved at least 6 days earlier (p < 0.05) than heterozygous cows. Our findings suggest that SNP in the CYP3A28 regulatory region of Brahman‐influenced cows are associated with cattle productivity.     

Distribution of the neurokinin-1 receptor in equine intestinal smooth muscle

REASON FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Tachykinins have profound effects on equine intestinal motility, but the distribution of the neurokinin receptors (NKRs) through which they act is unknown. This study reports the distribution of one of these receptors, the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R), in smooth muscle throughout the equine intestinal tract. OBJECTIVES: To quantify the distribution of the NK1R, based upon mRNA expression, in smooth muscle of different regions of the equine intestinal tract. METHODS: Nine regions of the intestinal tract were sampled in 5 mature horses. Total RNA was isolated from smooth muscle and reverse transcribed; NK1R mRNA was then quantified using real-time PCR. RESULTS: NK1R mRNA was found at all levels of the sampled intestinal tract. The smooth muscle of the proximal small intestine and the ventral colon exhibited the highest level of NK1R mRNA expression in the equine intestinal tract. CONCLUSIONS: Tachykinins probably affect intestinal contractility and propulsion in the proximal small intestine and in the ventral colon.     

甘南生态经济建设支撑体系研究(三)--生态产业的选择与培育

生态产业的选择与培育是甘南生态经济建设的关键。通过分析以生态产业替代传统的生态破坏型产业来保证甘南区域可持续发展的背景和意义，提出了生态产业选择的原则，构建了甘南生态产业体系，并对该产业体系整体功能发挥和各自产业的效益回收所需的保障机制作了深入研究。     

饲料添加剂双乙酸钠的5P营销策略

基于产品(product)、价格(price)、地点(place)和推广(promotion)等市场营销4P策略的内容,结合双乙酸钠的特征、应用和市场现状,整合融入营销平台(platform),即从4P策略过渡到5P策略,并对双乙酸钠市场营销的5P策略实施进行了分析与探讨.     

早期妊娠猕猴孕激素水平的检测

利用全自动化学发光免疫分析仪检测正常未妊娠的与不同孕期猕猴血清中雌二醇及孕酮的分泌水平。结果表明孕5d、10d、25d、30d血清孕酮比正常猕猴的分泌水平有非常明显的上升（P〈0.01）,孕15d也有显著的上升（P〈0.05）;孕15d、20d的雌二醇分泌水平比正常组有非常显著升高（P〈0.01）,而孕5d、10d、2...