水泥-粉煤灰基植生固沙材料的正交优化和氮、磷、钾初期释放速率研究

以本实验室设计的配方来制备水泥-粉煤灰基固沙材料,以3～4个月释放期的美国Osmocote 14-14-14为控释肥肥源,以PAM、自制SAP1和SAP2为吸水保水剂,采用沙柱法对植生固沙材料的吸水剂种类、吸水剂用量、肥料用量和水灰比材料参数进行正交优化试验,研究材料参数与NPK释放速率和材料抗压、抗折强度的关系。结果表明,影响N释放速率的主要因素是肥料用量和吸水剂种类,影响抗折强度的主要因素是水灰比和吸水剂种类,优化配方是1.5%PAM,0.8 g Osmocote/100 g沙和水灰比为1.2。在水泥-粉煤灰基固沙材料中NPK的28 d初期释放量大小顺序为K＞N＞P,其原因是水泥基材料富钾和固磷特性使得增K减P,水泥基材料毛细孔多孔特征使得N将以气态氨和液态銨释放。N的初期释放率受N的水溶肿胀和控释肥薄膜孔缝扩大速度的影响。     

一种氨基酸有机肥降解蔬菜农药残留的效果研究

为验证一种氨基酸有机肥降解农药残留效果,进行不同施用量试验,分析菠菜中农残的降解动态。结果表明,该有机肥对菠菜中毒死蜱、高效氯氰菊酯、百菌清、氧乐果、甲胺磷等5种农药具有较好的促进降解作用;450 ml/666m2 施用量效果最佳,在96 h可以实现高效氯氰菊酯、氧乐果、甲胺磷未检出;该氨基酸有机肥可作为蔬菜绿色高产高效生产的有效手段。     

钙镁对甜瓜椰糠半基质栽培的影响

为了探索椰糠半基质条件下,钙镁肥对甜瓜产量、品质的影响,确定钙镁肥施用的必要性,配制不同钙镁含量的肥料进行比较。结果显示,不同钙镁含量的肥料与不含钙镁的肥料相比,产量、品质没有差异。在土壤水溶性钙1197.1mg?kg-1,水溶性镁690.8 mg?kg-1,灌溉水钙含量68.0 mg?kg-1,镁含量22.7 mg?kg-1的条件下,能为甜瓜椰糠半基质栽培提供足够的钙镁营养。这对简化施肥设施,减轻投入成本,加速该模式在中小企业及个体种植户中推广有较大的现实意义。     

棉铃虫CYP4家族基因片段克隆及序列分析

以5龄实验室品系棉铃虫的总RNA为模板,采用一对昆虫细胞色素P450简并引物,利用反转录—多聚酶链式反应(RT-PCR)扩增并筛选出10个新的长度约450bp的cDNA片段,并对这些序列与GeneBank中已知序列进行相似性分析,初步推测这10个P450基因片段属于CYP4家族的CYP4M和CYP4S2个亚家族。     

甘蔗施肥技术系统优化研究

本文参照系统工程中的最佳模拟配合法，对甘蔗施肥技术的系统优化研究。通过计算机模拟优化，得出若干组包括高，中，低产量，净产值和甘蔗蔗糖分等综合指标要求的相应配套施肥方案，并对有关问题进行了讨论，以期为甘蔗科学施肥提供新的方法及其理论依据。     

信阳土壤锌的现状及杂交水稻施锌技术研究

信阳地区位于河南省南部,土壤类型有黄棕壤、黄褐土、潮土、水稻土等。通过土壤普查,发现全区土壤表层速效锌含量普遍偏低,土壤缺锌已成为限制作物产量和品质的重要障碍因素。1994～1996年我们在对信阳土壤锌的现状进行分析的基础上,对杂交水稻施锌技术作了系统试验,结果表明,杂交水稻锌肥耖口基施30～45kg／hm2和蘸秧根3～9kg／hm2增产效果十分显著。     

滇重楼种质资源抗旱综合评价及生理机制研究

水分是限制滇重楼种子休眠萌发及资源分布的重要成因。以云南滇重楼主产区6个种源地的种子为试验材料,湿度设置分别为10%（正常水分处理,CK）和3%（水分胁迫处理,T）,测定10、30和60 d时种子的可溶性蛋白（soluble protein,SP）、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)的生理活性,对资源进行综合抗旱评价,并筛选抗旱生理指标。结果表明：随胁迫时间延长,滇重楼种子可溶性蛋白呈先下降后回升的趋势,而SOD和CAT酶活性呈先升高后降低的趋势,MDA和POD呈下降趋势。CAT活性对水分胁迫最为敏感,胁迫和对照间呈显著差异,60 d时呈极显著差异（P＜0.01）;在10 d时SOD和MDA对水分胁迫呈极显著响应（P＜0.01）,在30 d时各生理指标均受到显著影响,SOD和POD受到极显著影响（P＜0.01）。相关性分析结果显示,可溶性蛋白与SOD和POD呈显著负相关（P＜005）。滇重楼种质资源之间变异系数较大,不同种质材料对干旱胁迫的敏感性不同。综合分析,师宗、鹤庆和石林的滇重楼种源抗旱性较强,耿马地区抗旱性最弱,可为进一步抗旱基因型品种选育提供理论依据。不同评价方法对滇重楼抗旱生理指标筛选的结果较为一致,CAT、SOD和MDA可作为抗旱性鉴定的生理指标。     

A Preliminary Study on Dynamics and Models of N, P, K Absorption for High-Yield Cotton

The field experiments were carried out to investigate the dynamics and models of N, P and K ab-sorption for the cotton plants with a lint of 3 000 kg ha-1 in Xinjiang. The main results were as follows: Thecontents of N, P2O5, K2O in cotton leaves, stems, squares and bolls decreased obviously with the time over thewhole growth duration and the falling extent was greater in high-yield cotton than in CK. Contents of N inleaves, squares and bolls, in particular in the leaves of fruit-bearing shoot was higher in high-yield cotton thanin CK. Contents of P2O5 in squares and bolls and that of K2O in stems were higher in high-yield cotton than inCK during the whole growing period. The accumulations of N, P2O5 and K2O in the cotton plants could be de-scribed with a logistic curve equation. There was the fastest nutrient uptake at about 90 d for N, 92 d for P2O5and 85 d for K2O after emergence, respectively. Total nutrient accumulation of N, P2 O5 and K2O was 385.8,244.7 and 340.3 kg ha-1 , respectively. Approximately 12.5 kg N, 8.0 kg P2O5 and 11.1 kg K2O were neededfor producing 100 kg lint with the leaves and stems under the super high yield condition of 3 000 kg ha-1 inXinjiang.     

Interactions of Water Management and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization in Rice

The interactions of water management and nitrogen fertilizer on nitrogen absorption and utili-zation were studied in rice with Wuxiangjing9 (japonica). The results showed that the nitrogen uptake and re-maining in straw increased and the percentage of nitrogen translocation (PNT) from vegetative organs, nitro-gen dry matter production efficiency (NDMPE) and nitrogen grain production efficiency (NGPE) decreasedwith nitrogen increasing. The nitrogen uptake and NGPE decreased when severe water stressed. However, ricenot only decreased the nitrogen uptake but also increased the PNT from vegetative organs, NDMPE and NGPEwhen mild water stressed. There were obvious interactions between nitrogen fertilizer and water management,such as with water stress increasing the effect of nitrogen on increasing nitrogen uptake was reduced and thaton decreasing NDMPE was intensified.     

配方施肥对毛竹笋材的影响

对毛竹笋材两用林进行了平衡施肥技术的研究，结果表明：配方施肥能有效地促进毛竹笋、材的生长，所设7个试验处理中，以N2P1K1(1：0．30：0．22)和N1P1K2(1：0．68：0．98)表现较优。N2P1K1为增加出笋数和新竹数的最佳处理，同时也能较有效地促进竹径增粗和提早出笋；N1P1K2为增粗竹径、促进枝下高增高的最佳处理，在提高单株笋重和增加出笋数上则为其次。