猪粪氮素有效性与替代化肥氮当量研究

采用温室盆栽试验,初步研究了猪粪氮素的有效性和替代氮肥的替代当量,并结合田间试验对等有效氮条件下有机无机配施与单施化肥的效果进行了比较。盆栽试验表明,随着猪粪用量的增加,氮素回收率逐渐降低,回收率为22.5%～38.3%,平均30.6%。当猪粪用量为N 120 mg/kg时,其氮素相对于化肥的相对有效性为27%。不同用量下猪粪的替代氮肥当量也具有一定差异,相对替代当量为24.0%～40.8%,平均32.9%。田间试验表明,利用猪粪中的有效氮替代30%的化肥氮对春玉米干物质和籽粒产量以及氮素吸收量没有影响,与100%化肥氮处理相当。     

翻压等量紫云英条件下不同化肥用量对土壤养分有效性及水稻产量的影响

在翻压等量紫云英条件下,研究了不同化肥用量对土壤养分有效性及水稻产量的影响.结果表明,早稻田翻压紫云英22500 kg/hm2后配施化肥,与施用100％化肥(MF100)相比,施用60％～80％化肥,土壤中碱解N、速效钾含量均有增加,增幅为10％～59％;施用40％化肥,土壤中有效磷含量显著增加25％ ～ 80％.翻压...     

土壤磷素形态及其生物有效性研究进展

土壤磷素形态及其生物有效性的研究对解决农业生产中所引起的经济、环境和资源问题有很重要的作用。结合国内外已有成果和最新研究进展,从土壤的形态、磷的分组以及测定方法,土壤各形态磷的生物有效性等几个方面综述了国内外土壤磷的研究现状,并提出了目前在土壤磷研究中存在的一些问题以及今后研究的热点。     

三聚氰酸和三聚氰胺对肉鸡生长性能的影响及其组织残留的研究

本试验旨在探讨饲粮中添加不同水平的三聚氰酸(cyanuric acid,CYA)和/或三聚氰胺(melamine,MEL)对肉鸡生长性能的影响及其在血浆、组织中的残留.试验采用2×5两因子设计,1 200只1日龄科宝500肉鸡公雏随机分为10个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复20只鸡.CYA设5个水平:0、10、20、...     

转筒式增氧机增氧能力的试验研究

对转筒式增氧机的增氧机理进行了分析,通过室内多因素试验观察、分析找出了影响其增氧能力的主要因素及较优组合;提高转筒转速,可增加进入水体中的空气量,减小气泡直径,加速水体的紊动和对流循环,以提高增氧能力,为转筒式增氧机设计提供了基本依据。     

Nitrogen fertiliser rate affects the frequency of nitrate-dissimilating Pseudomonas spp. in the rhizosphere of Lolium perenne grown under elevated pCO2 (Swiss FACE)

The effect of elevated pCO₂ (60 Pa) on the frequency of nitrate-dissimilating Pseudomonas (NDP) was investigated in the rhizosphere of fertilised Lolium perenne swards in the Swiss Free Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment (FACE) experiment. Numbers of cultivable root-associated Pseudomonas were greater under elevated (60 Pa) than under ambient (36 Pa) pCO₂ in both high and low N-fertilised swards. For both pCO₂ conditions, the NDP frequency decreased with closer root proximity to L. perenne roots in low fertilised swards. Anyway, in high N swards the NDP frequency was similar in root and soil fractions. Thus, N availability may be a major factor influencing NDP populations under elevated pCO₂, most likely due to increased competition for N between plant and nitrate-dissimilating bacteria.     

Transformation of fertilizer P in a Vertisol amended with farmyard manure

Availability, fixation, and transformation of added P were studied in a 16-week incubation experiment with a Vertisol amended with farmyard manure in pots with 500 g soil each. P availability, as measured by Olsen P, decreased for up to 8 weeks with various rates of added P, when no manure was applied. In the presence of farmyard manure, P availability decreased during the first 6 weeks and then showed a considerable increase from the 8th week onwards. P fixation increased for up to 8 weeks with the rates of P in the absence of manure. With manure application, P fixation increased only during the first 6 weeks and thereafter decreased continuously. Thus the presence of farmyard manure shortened the period of P fixation and promoted its availability. After 16 weeks of incubation, when manure and fertilizer P were applied together, P was transformed into labile organic (NaHCO₃–P), moderately labile organic P (NaOH-P), and calcium-bound inorganic P (HCl-P). When manure was not applied. P accumulated predominantly as labile inorganic (NaHCO₃–P), moderately labile inorganic (NaOH-P), and inorganic HCl-P. The application of farmyard manure enriched long-term P fertility through NaHCO₃–P and NaOH–P and a shortterm P supply as HCl-P. All fractions except inorganic NaOH-P showed good relationships with Olsen P.     

波尔多液营养保护剂对石灰性土壤铜、铁有效性及花生产量的影响研究

选用山东省花生主产区的代表性石灰性土壤，通过土培试验的方法，研究了波尔多液营养保护剂BNPP和美国铜基杀菌剂Koeide两种可湿性粉剂对石灰性土壤pH值和铜、铁有效性及其对花生产量的影响。结果表明，与CK（喷清水）相比，喷施BNPP后，土壤pH值有所降低，而土壤有效铁、铜含量都有所提高。同时喷施BNPP后土壤有效铜含量要低于Kocide处理。另外．BNPP处理花生叶绿紊、活性铁、全铁含量以及生物量都有显著提高，产量比CK提高了1．25～1．53倍。波尔多液营养保护剂效果要优于美国Kocide产品。     

土壤非交换性钾释放动力学特征及其生物

采用生物耗竭法和0.2mol L-1的NaTPB化学浸提法,利用不同动力学方程对我国8种主要土壤非交换性钾的释钾特性及其生物有效性进行定量评估。结果表明,供试土壤非交换性钾释放分为快速释放和稳定释放两个阶段,一级动力学方程、Elovich 方程、双常数曲线方程和抛物线扩散方程均能描述土壤非交换性钾的释放过程。根据双常数方程中的参数（a）所表征的土壤非交换性钾释放速率常数,供试8种土壤的释钾能力按取土地区存在着自西向东、自北向南渐减的趋势。盆栽试验中,在累积释钾量高且释放速率快的土壤上,黑麦草累积生物量、累积吸钾量和相对含钾量较高,表现出强的供钾能力;与此相反,累积释放量低且释放速率慢的土壤上,黑麦草各项指标偏低,供钾能力较弱。以黑麦草钾素丰缺临界值34.00 mg kg-1 DW-1和土壤非交换性钾释放速率396.32 mg kg-1 h-1作为评价指标,供试8种土壤中,仅取自新疆石河子、陕西常武和黑龙江哈尔滨地区的土壤在短期不施用钾肥的情况下能保证黑麦草丰产且不出现缺钾症状。因此,为了维持土壤钾素平衡和保证作物高产稳产,在我国西北、东北地区耕地土壤中应加强秸秆的循环利用,而在华中和华东地区则需增施钾肥和有机肥。