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991.
992.
Hong-Mei Jiang Jin-Ping Jiang Yu Jia Feng-Min Li Jin-Zhang Xu 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2006,38(8):2350-2358
The dynamics of the soil organic carbon pool and soil fertility were studied in soils with different number of growing years of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in the semiarid Loess Plateau of China. The soil water content and soil water potential decreased and the depth of desiccated layers grew with the number of growing years of alfalfa. The soil organic C (SOC) cannot be enhanced on short timescales in these unfertilized and mowed-alfalfa grasslands in the topsoil, but the light fraction of organic C (LFOC), soil microbial biomass C (MBC) and microbial biomass N (MBN) all increased with the number of growing years. When alfalfa had been growing for more than 13 yr, the soil MBC increased slowly, suggesting that the MBC value is likely to reach a constant level. SOC, soil total P (STP), available P (AvaiP) and the ratio of SOC to soil total N (C/N) all decreased monotonically with the growing years of alfalfa up to 13 yr and then increased. SOC was significantly positively correlated with STP, AvaiP, soil total C (STC) and soil total N (STN) (R=0.627**, 0.691**, 0.497*, 0.546*, respectively). MBC and LFOC were significantly positively correlated with the number of growing years of alfalfa (R=0.873*** and 0.521*, respectively), and LFOC was more sensitive to vegetation components, degree of cover and landform than to the number of years of growth. SOC showed a significant negative correlation with LFOC/SOC and MBC/SOC (R=−0.689**, −0.693**, respectively). A significant positive correlation exists between MBC and soil inorganic C (SIC). LFOC, MBC, LFOC/SOC and MBC/SOC were all significantly positively correlated with each other. Therefore, practices that involve water-harvesting technologies and add residues and phosphate fertilizer to soils should be promoted to improve soil nutrients and hydration and to postpone the degradation of alfalfa grasslands under long-term alfalfa production. 相似文献
993.
In this study we investigated the quantitative and qualitative aspects of soil organic matter (SOM) losses caused by water erosion within a small catchment in Northern Laos, under steep slopes and slash and burn agriculture. The soils in the region have a high contribution of black carbon to soil organic matter and high erosion rates. The aim of the study was to quantify the erosion of black carbon and to identify the processes involved. The conceptual approach included the measurement of contents of SOM, black carbon and mineral bound SOM in bulk soils, sediments eroded from 1 m2 plots and in sediments at the outlet of the 0.6 ha catchment. Additionally, the enrichment factors of bulk SOM, BC and mineral bound SOM were calculated for eroded sediments. 相似文献
994.
不同粮草复种方式下土壤养分动态研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对6种不同的粮草复种方式下土壤养分的季节变化进行了比较研究.结果表明:冬季种植牧草与种植粮食作物比较降低了土壤pH值、增加了土壤有机质和速效养分,特别是冬季种植多花黑麦草和黑麦明显增加了土壤有机质、碱解N、速效K和速效P含量,促进后作生长,为后季作物增产提供可能性.土壤pH值随土层增加而增加,土壤养分随土层增加而减少.经过一个复种周期,各复种方式土壤pH值稍有提高;有机质、全N、碱解N含量稍有降低,变化不大;土壤速效P和速效K含量有较大幅度的降低. 相似文献
995.
996.
污灌土壤中氟及硫的形态分布特征 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
以乌鲁木齐雅马里克山的石灰性土壤为研究对象,采用连续提取法和分步提取法对土壤氟和硫的化学形态进行了测定,研究了不同水质及外源对土壤氟和硫各形态的含量及其分布的影响.结果表明土壤氟主要以残渣态为主,占全氟含量99.5%以上.各形态氟呈残余态氟>有机束缚态氟>水溶态氟>可交换态氟>铁锰结合态氟的趋势.不同水质浇灌后,土壤硫主要以有机硫为主,占71.5%~81.2%.并且呈现有机硫>盐酸可溶性硫>水溶性硫>吸附性硫的趋势.外源物质对土壤理化性质及对土壤中氟和硫各形态有不同程度的影响.土壤氟和硫各形态之间以及各形态与土壤理化性质之间的相关性分析表明,全氟与残余态氟极显著相关.土壤全硫与有机硫之间具有十分密切的相关性.土壤pH值、有机质和CaCO3含量是影响土壤中氟及硫赋存形态的主要土壤因子. 相似文献
997.
Soil organic carbon changes after 12 years of no-tillage and tillage of Grantsburg soils in southern Illinois 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Many factors including management history, soil type, climate, and soil landscape processes affect the dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC). The primary objective of this research was to determine the effects of no-tillage and tillage systems on the SOC content after 12 years of controlled treatments. A tillage experiment with three treatments (no-till (NT), chisel plow (CP) and moldboard plow (MP)) was initiated in the spring of 1989 in southern Illinois. The plot area was previously in a tall fescue hayland for 15 years and had a 6% slope. Maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) were grown in the plot area on a yearly rotation system starting with maize. Periodically, the SOC content of various soil layers, to a depth of either 30 or 75 cm, was measured and expressed on both a gravimetric and volumetric basis. After 12 years, the 0–15 cm surface soil layer of MP was significantly lower in SOC than the NT and CP plots. For all but 2 values, the significance of findings did not change with the form of expression (gravimetric versus volumetric). The surface layer (0–15 cm), subsoil (15–75 cm), and rooting zone (0–75 cm) of all treatments had reduction in SOC on a volumetric basis when compared to the pre-treatment values for sod. At the end of the 12-year study, the MP system had significantly less SOC in the surface layer, subsurface layer and rooting zone than the NT system at comparable depths. After 12 years of tillage under a maize–soybean rotation, the NT treatment sequestered or maintained more SOC stock (47.0 Mt ha−1) than the CP (43.7 Mt ha−1) and MP (37.7 Mt ha−1) treatments. The annual rate of SOC stock build up in the root zone (0–75 cm), above the MP system base, was 0.71 Mt ha−1 year−1 for the NT system and 0.46 Mt ha−1 year−1 for the CP system. For land coming out of the Conservation Reserve Program and returning to row crop production, NT and CP systems would maintain more SOC stock than MP system and reduce CO2 emissions to the atmosphere. 相似文献
998.
A 5-m-wide soil pit at the base of a forested hillslope in coastal British Columbia was instrumented for studying subsurface flow processes during rainstorms. Three typical, low-intensity autumn rainfall events with different antecedent moisture conditions are assessed. Outflow from the organic horizon was captured and measured by a single trough, and outflow from the mineral horizon (above compact glacial till and bedrock) was measured separately for three adjacent sections of the soil pit. For two storms that were preceded by dry conditions, lateral outflow from the organic horizon occurred, although the water table did not rise up to the organic horizon. However, the calculated effective contributing area was small (<0.7 m2) and the effective contributing slope length was short (<0.15 m). Furthermore, volumes of outflow from the organic horizon during these storms were more than 400 times less than during a later storm with wet antecedent conditions. During this later storm, a portion of the outflow from the organic horizon may have been generated as saturated overland flow due to the rising water table. The calculated effective contributing area (>170 m2) and the effective contributing slope length (>36 m) were substantially greater for the “wet” antecedent storm compared to the “dry” storm events. Shallow lateral flow over unsaturated soil is therefore unlikely to be a significant contributor to storm runoff at such forested sites. Flow at the organic horizon–mineral soil interface may contribute to interconnected preferential flow pathways during wetter antecedent conditions. 相似文献
999.
1000.
华北平原小麦施肥现状及影响小麦产量的因素分析 总被引:17,自引:1,他引:17
针对近年来华北平原水肥投入不断增加而小麦单产徘徊不前的局面,本研究对山东省惠民县小麦的施肥现状和影响小麦产量的主要因素进行了调查。结果表明,研究地区小麦季农民习惯的氮磷钾肥投入量在不同农户间差异较大,平均为424 kg/hm2N,226 kg/hm2P2O5,88 kg/hm2K2O,其中氮磷肥用量已远超过同期作物养分消耗量。在现有的小麦产量水平和施肥水平条件下,土壤有机质含量和亩穗数对小麦产量的贡献最大,其次为土壤速效磷含量和穗粒数,土壤速效钾和千粒重与小麦籽粒产量没有明显相关性。由于过量氮磷肥施用和高的土壤速效钾含量,不同农户间施肥量的差异对小麦产量影响较小。 相似文献