绍兴市越王兰苑市花公园的规划设计

市花是一个城市形象的重要标志,目前,国内已有很多城市拥有了自己的市花。建立市花公园,有利于提高城市品位和知名度,增强城市综合竞争力。因为它不仅能体现一个城市独具特色的人文景观、文化底蕴、精神风貌,体现人与自然的和谐统一,而且还可以表达市民的情感,寄托民族的理想,象征时代精神。这对于宣传市花,普及市花,推动物质文明、精神文明和生态文明建设具有十分重要的意义。     

A comparative analysis of decline in the distribution ranges of orchid species in Estonia and the United Kingdom

National databases were interrogated to analyse and compare proportional alterations in the distribution ranges of orchid species between two surveys in the UK (surveys completed in 1969 and 1999) and in Estonia (surveys completed in 1970 and 2004). Nearly every species declined between the surveys in both countries, and two species may have become extinct in the UK. Mean decline in distribution range for 49 species in the UK was 50% (range 14-100%), and 23 species declined by over 50%. The mean decline for 33 orchid species in Estonia was 25% (range 0-62%), and three species declined by over 50%. These results corroborate serious range declines recently reported for orchids in other regions of Europe (the Netherlands and Flanders, Belgium). In contrast with these other regions, we found that species associated with calcareous grassland and woodland habitats had suffered greater mean contractions in range than species of wet grassland habitats. Greater decline was recorded for species found on drier soils, and for species characteristic of open habitats. In addition, greater decline was found in species with short inflorescences, and in species that were short-lived, and clonal. Our results suggest that levels of decline shown both by groups of species associated with specific habitat types, and by particular species of orchid, depend strongly on local policies and specific conservation action, and indicate the habitat types on which conservation efforts may need to be concentrated in the future. The results suggest that grazing and mowing of competing vegetation, and avoidance of substrate disturbance, will produce the greatest rewards for the most vulnerable species.     

物产异名与地方文化:以近代“兰花菇”的名实与流行为例

物产的名实关系牵涉人对物的认知与利用,不仅在实际生活中发挥重要作用,而且在史学研究中也备受关注。既有的相关研究相对重视实,而对名的关注相对不足。通过对近代兰花菇及相关名称的考察,可见物产名称在社会中也有着自己的生命力,且与地方文化有着千丝万缕的联系。不晚于18世纪末,广东南华寺僧人开始利用稻草栽培食用菌,遂有南华菇之谓,相关技术亦受到传播。19世纪下半叶以降,因音讹而产生的兰花菇渐趋流行,且名播粤外。同物异名的草菰在近代主要流行于两广,而麻菌则常与湖南浏阳密不可分,说明物产名称的地方性不必然直观见诸名称本身。关注物产名称并投以地方视角,有助于理解物产异名的产生、变异与传播,以及隐匿其背后的物质生活、技术、语言、地理、经济等因素,进而丰富对人类物质文化的认知。     

兰花基因工程研究进展

综述了兰花遗传转化技术中的转基因受体材料、转化的目的基因和转化方式的研究进展。     

Comparative Cytopathology and Immunocytochemistry of Japanese, Australian and Brazilian Isolates of Orchid fleck virus

Cytopathic effects in orchid leaf tissues infected with Australian, Japanese and Brazilian isolates of Orchid fleck virus (OFV) were indistinguishable and like those previously described in the literature. Cells had an electron-lucent viroplasm with unenveloped rod-shaped virions in the nucleus and cytoplasm, often associated with the inner membrane of the nuclear envelope and the endoplasmic reticulum. Antiserum raised against a Japanese isolate of OFV reacted with Brazilian and Australian isolates in ELISA, and when used for immuno-gold labelling, also reacted in situ with the rod-shaped virions and the intranuclear viroplasm of all three isolates. These results suggest that the viroplasm is where structural proteins accumulate and virions are formed. Received 13 December 2000/ Accepted in revised form 13 April 2001     

遮光对兰花养分含量及生育的影响

调查了秋季栽培不同遮光程度对卡特兰和寒兰2种兰花叶片生长、植株养分含量和开花的影响。试验从8月初起在无遮光及遮光率30%,60%,90%的4个遮光处理下栽培80 d后,搬入温度为13~30℃的温室统一管理,观测至次年3月中旬。结果表明:无遮光处理叶片短小、黄化且灼伤显著;遮光率30%处理养分积累最多;遮光率60%特别是90%处理叶片长、色浓绿、养分积累较少。不同遮光处理间的开花率差异显著,遮光率30%>无遮光>遮光率60%>遮光率90%;花茎长度也以遮光率30%处理最大。秋季较强的日照管理有利于卡特兰和寒兰2种兰花植株的养分积累与开花。     

An effective in-vitro acclimatization using uniconazole treatments and ex-vitro adaptation of Phalaenopsis orchid

The in-vitro acclimatization of Phalaenopsis plantlets under photoautotrophic conditions, with 0 (control), 3.43, 6.86 and 13.72 μM uniconazole (UCZ) treatments for 30 days was investigated before the plantlets were transferred to ex-vitro environments for 14 days. The physiological and growth characters of in-vitro acclimatized, and ex-vitro adapted plantlets were measured. Chlorophyll a (Chl_a), chlorophyll b (Chl_b), total chlorophyll (TC) and total carotenoid (C_x+c) content in plantlets treated with 6.86 μM UCZ were maintained at higher levels than those in plantlets of the control, by 1.82, 1.85, 1.83 and 1.93 times, respectively, leading to enrichment of the pigments in ex-vitro conditions. The maximum quantum yield of PSII (F_v/F_m), photon yield of PSII (Φ_PSII), photochemical quenching (qP) and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) in UCZ treated plantlets and in ex-vitro adaptation were not significantly different. Proline was accumulated in the control plantlets in both in-vitro acclimatization and ex-vitro conditions, while proline in those plantlets with UCZ treatments was maintained at a low level, which was defined by unstressed conditions. Net photosynthetic rate (P_n) in 6.86 μM UNZ treated plantlets peaked at a higher level than that of the control plantlets, both in-vitro and ex-vitro, by 3.27 and 2.93 times, respectively. In addition, proline content and P_n were inversely related in both in-vitro acclimatization and ex-vitro adaptation. The P_n in UCZ acclimatized plantlets was negatively correlated with plant dry-weight. In-vitro photoautotrophic Phalaenopsis plantlets were successfully acclimatized using a 6.86 μM UCZ treatment which caused them to adapt quickly to ex-vitro environments.     

蝴蝶兰杂交育种技术的初步研究

选取7个蝴蝶兰品种进行自交与杂交,共获得3个自交组合与9个杂交组合。各组合授粉后7～9 d子房开始膨大,约于50 d左右蒴果大小趋于平稳状态,140～150 d采摘接种。通过观察得出,红天使×白天杂交组合的生长势指数最高,金色兄弟×红天使杂交组合的生长势指数最低。不同杂交组合的最佳采摘期有所差别。     

兰花香味形成机理研究进展

介绍了兰花香味的检测方法、成分特征、形成机理以及基因工程等方面的最新研究进展,针对研究中存在的问题及今后的研究方向进行了展望。     

Identification and characterization of a potyvirus causing chlorotic spots on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phalaenopsis</Emphasis> orchids

A putative virus-induced disease showing chlorotic spots on leaves of Phalaenopsis orchids was observed in central Taiwan. A virus culture, phalaenopsis isolate 7-2, was isolated from a diseased Phalaenopsis orchid and established in Chenopodium quinoa and Nicotiana benthamiana. The virus reacted with the monoclonal antibody (POTY) against the potyvirus group. Potyvirus-like long flexuous filament particles around 12–15 × 750–800 nm were observed in the crude sap and purified virus preparations, and pinwheel inclusion bodies were observed in the infected cells. The conserved region of the viral RNA was amplified using the degenerate primers for the potyviruses and sequence analysis of the virus isolate 7-2 showed 56.6–63.1% nucleotide and 44.8–65.1% amino acid identities with those of Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV), Beet mosaic virus (BtMV), Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) and Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV). The coat protein (CP) gene of isolate 7-2 was amplified, sequenced and found to have 280 amino acids. A homology search in GenBank indicated that the virus is a potyvirus but no highly homologous sequence was found. The virus was designated as Phalaenopsis chlorotic spot virus (PhCSV) in early 2006. Subsequently, a potyvirus, named Basella rugose mosaic virus isolated from malabar spinach was reported in December 2006. It was found to share 96.8% amino acid identity with the CP of PhCSV. Back-inoculation with the isolated virus was conducted to confirm that PhCSV is the causal agent of chlorotic spot disease of Phalaenopsis orchids in Taiwan. This is the first report of a potyvirus causing a disease on Phalaenopsis orchids.