古兰蕙不是今兰花——也谈舒迎澜先生的《兰花与兰草之辨》

仔细考证大量古文后,针对舒迎澜先生《兰花与兰草之辩》一文提及的古兰蕙、兰草及今日所说之兰花的概念理解,提出自己的观点：兰花与兰草为同物异名,无需再辩证;舒迎澜先生文中将古兰蕙误认为是今兰花有失妥当。文章对古今兰蕙争论的历史由来等进行考证,结论是：古兰蕙是一类高价值芳香药用植物,并非今日所说之兰花。     

农杆菌介导转化石斛兰—蝴蝶兰杂交种类原球茎体的研究

以类原球茎体为受体材料,利用农杆菌EHA101(pIG121 Hm)介导转移GUS基因到石斛兰-蝴蝶兰的2个杂交品种。以一种β-内酰胺类新型抗生素美罗培南(Meropenem)作为抑菌抗生素和以潮霉素为筛选元件进行选择,获得了潮霉素抗性体,并通过X-gluc组织化学染色法,检测到较强的GUS的表达,表达率达80%以上。经过80 d的选择培养后在81个潮霉素抗性组织中获得了22株再生兰花。对其中的9株PCR阳性的再生植株进行Northern分析,检测到较强的GUS基因表达。     

Long-term influence of mowing on population dynamics in the rare orchid Dactylorhiza lapponica: The importance of recruitment and seed production

Many orchids are currently red-listed due to changes in land use, and their future persistence will depend on management. Traditional land use like mowing is believed to favour orchids through increased survival and reproduction of established individuals, but the lack of data connecting their complex life cycle presently limits our ability to evaluate effects of management. Here we used data from 16 years of demographic monitoring to study how mowing affects population dynamics in two populations of the rare orchid Dactylorhiza lapponica. Both populations were characterized by long-lived individuals, low adult mortality and high seedling mortality. The traditional regime of mowing every second year strongly increased recruitment and reduced seed production in both populations, but had moderate effect on adult survival, growth rate and flowering probability. Population growth rate was positive for all population × treatment combinations. Traditional mowing significantly increased growth rate in both populations, and LTRE-analyses revealed that this primarily was a result of increased recruitment. The results indicate that demographic rates commonly associated with orchid persistence may be insensitive to traditional management, and underscores the importance of seed production and recruitment to maintain population growth in this long-lived species. The combination of low establishment success and no seed bank makes D. lapponica dependent on high seed input. Our results suggest that D. lapponica would benefit most from traditional mowing performed after seed dispersal in the study areas, but also suggest a high probability of future survival in the absence of mowing.     

兰花育种研究进展

 综述了兰花资源、育种研究进展, 阐明种质资源和组织培养是兰花育种的基础, 多种育种途径有效结合是今后培育兰花的主要方法。     

Phloroglucinol enhances recovery and survival of cryopreserved Dendrobium nobile protocorms

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of phloroglucinol in the recovery and survival of cryopreserved Dendrobium nobile protocorms. The exposure of protocorms to 2 M glycerol osmoprotective solution for 20 min followed by 10 min in PVS2 vitrification solution with 1% phloroglucinol resulted in the highest protocorm recovery and survival (68%). A positive effect of phloroglucinol was observed when combined with glycerol and PVS2. Phloroglucinol added at 1% provided an increase of over 100% in protocorm recovery and survival as compared to the same treatment without phloroglucinol. However, when sucrose was added to treatments, a negative effect was observed with a reduction in survival by 90%. Protocorms that survived cryopreservation were successfully regenerated into plants and acclimatized with 100% survival in greenhouse. Survival of cryopreserved D. nobile protocorms was a determining factor for seedling survival and growth into normal and fully functional plants. This study demonstrated an efficient procedure for cryopreservation and subsequent recovery and survival of cryopreserved D. nobile protocorms using phloroglucinol as a cryoprotectant additive.     

Conservation priorities differ at opposing species borders of a European orchid

How populations from different regions within the distribution of a species contribute to the adaptive potential and survival of that species has important implications for formulating conservation actions. We test assumptions of concepts on geographic population structure (e.g. central-marginal concept and ‘rear edge versus leading edge’ model) that could be used to inform conservation of plant species under climatic changes. We analyze a comprehensive dataset of demographic traits (e.g. population size, flowering, δ¹³C of plant leaves) of up to 32 sites of Himantoglossum hircinum (L.) Spreng. (Orchidaceae) located within six sub-regions of its European distribution range. Soil and climate parameters are employed as environmental predictors of variation in measured population traits. Climate is the main driver of demographic variability overriding central-marginal gradients that might be present. Warming of the climate at high latitudes paves the way for northward range expansion of species. Populations at the north and north-eastern range peripheries partly show exponential population growth and high genetic diversity and are likely to be the source of immigrants for colonization of newly suitable habitats as the climate continues to change. In recent times, populations at the southern range periphery have suffered from intensification of land use and decreasing rainfall, but in the case of Southern Italy are important because they contain genetically unique traits. Populations at both, ‘leading’ and ‘rear’, edges ought to be at the focus of conservation planning. Different conservation strategies are proposed at opposing species borders taking into account spatial variation in population needs on a geographic scale, projected population response to expected environmental changes and genetic characteristics.     

遮光对兰花养分含量及生育的影响

调查了秋季栽培不同遮光程度对卡特兰和寒兰2种兰花叶片生长、植株养分含量和开花的影响。试验从8月初起在无遮光及遮光率30%,60%,90%的4个遮光处理下栽培80 d后,搬入温度为13~30℃的温室统一管理,观测至次年3月中旬。结果表明:无遮光处理叶片短小、黄化且灼伤显著;遮光率30%处理养分积累最多;遮光率60%特别是90%处理叶片长、色浓绿、养分积累较少。不同遮光处理间的开花率差异显著,遮光率30%>无遮光>遮光率60%>遮光率90%;花茎长度也以遮光率30%处理最大。秋季较强的日照管理有利于卡特兰和寒兰2种兰花植株的养分积累与开花。     

不同类型短期逆境胁迫对蕉园土壤团聚体 组成及酶活性的影响

采集海南蕉园土壤,通过室内模拟试验研究不同类型环境胁迫对土壤团聚体组成及酶活性的影响。土样经干旱、渍水、酸化和病原菌入侵处理后,采用湿筛法筛分不同粒径团聚体,并进行土壤酶活性和微生物检测。结果发现,除酸化处理土壤2 mm团聚体比例高于对照外,其余各处理土样0.25 mm团聚体所占比例与对照相比均显著下降,而0.25 mm小团聚体比例均显著增加。土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶等的酶活性与对照相比下降20%~90%。土样经不同处理后细菌数量均显著降低,酸化和病原菌入侵后尖孢镰刀菌数量由原来102 CFU/g分别提高到103 CFU/g及104 CFU/g。Miseq测序结果显示,土壤微生物群落结构也发生了显著变化。结果表明,短期逆境胁迫会影响蕉园土壤结构及功能,降低土壤质量。     

华南植物园兰园景观规划设计分析

植物专类园作为植物园的重要组成部分,具有植物搜集、科研生产、科普展示、园林观赏等功能。华南植物园的兰园是由科研生产型专类园向现代化多功能综合专类园转变的积极尝试,通过对华南植物园兰园的总体布局、景观节点、植物分区、植物种植设计进行分析,以期为植物专类园的构建提供参考和思路。     

蝴蝶兰杂交育种技术的初步研究

选取7个蝴蝶兰品种进行自交与杂交,共获得3个自交组合与9个杂交组合。各组合授粉后7～9 d子房开始膨大,约于50 d左右蒴果大小趋于平稳状态,140～150 d采摘接种。通过观察得出,红天使×白天杂交组合的生长势指数最高,金色兄弟×红天使杂交组合的生长势指数最低。不同杂交组合的最佳采摘期有所差别。