秋水仙素处理兰花原球茎对其生长和诱变效应的影响

本研究表明 ,秋水仙素处理对原球茎生长和分化起抑制作用 ;浓度越高 ,抑制作用越强 ,处理时间不同 ,抑制作用也不同。秋水仙素处理后的再生植株群体中 ,平均变异植株的百分率为 9 0 6% ,是对照材料的 3 7倍。变异植株的类型包括植株粗壮、多叶、叶片变宽、变厚、叶片墨绿色、矮化、线艺和叶艺等。处理浓度为 0 1 0 %、时间为 48h时 ,植株变异率最高。     

基于AFLP分子图谱的蝴蝶兰3个叶片性状QTL分析

本研究以一个蝴蝶兰杂交组合Phal.462×Phal.20后代为材料,测定其后代群体中88个单株的叶长、叶宽和株幅,并基于已构建的AFLP分子连锁图谱,应用区间作图法对调控这3个性状的基因进行了QTL分析。统计分析结果表明,3个性状在群体中呈连续分布,具有数量性状的典型特征,叶长与株幅之间存在极显著正相关。QTL分析结果表明,在父本中共检测到QTL60个,分布于8个连锁群上,包括控制叶长性状的QTL20个,控制叶宽性状19个,控制株幅性状21个;各QTL的LOD值在3.05～14.78之间,可解释44.1%～89.4%的表型变异。在母本中共检测到QTL28个,分布于五个连锁群上,包括控制叶长性状10个,控制叶宽性状8个,控制株幅性状10个;各QTL的LOD值在3.1~9.24之间,可解释57.7%~76.3%的表型变异。这是蝴蝶兰上首个QTL分析研究,可为今后蝴蝶兰的基因克隆与分子标记辅助育种等提供基础。     

两种主要兰花病毒的快速检测初报

采用组织涂抹酶联免疫吸附技术，对本单位近年引入的部分优良洋兰品种进行２种主要病毒（即ＯＲＳＶ和Ｃｙｍｖ）的快速检测。结果表明，蝴蝶兰和心兰极易感染Ｃｙｍｖ病毒，带毒品种分别占被测品种的４５．５％和５７．１％；石斛兰对这２种病毒具有较强的抗性，大花蕙兰较易感染ＯＲＳＶ病毒。     

Long-term dynamics and population viability in one of the last populations of the endangered Spiranthes spiralis (Orchidaceae) in the Netherlands

During the last decades, most orchid species in much of Western Europe have suffered significant declines and the long-term survival of the remaining populations remains to a large extent uncertain. In particular, populations at range margins may be more prone to extinction than more central populations, as the former tend to be small and isolated, occur in ecologically marginal habitats and have a lower per-capita reproductive rate. In this study, we investigated the long-term dynamics and population viability of a population at the margin of its range of Spiranthes spiralis in the Netherlands. At present, only 2 out of 40 previously known populations persist. Individual plants were monitored for 24 years and their life span, flowering frequency and vegetative growth were determined. Individual plants showed large temporal variation in sexual and vegetative growth among years. The proportion of flowering plants varied from 0 (no plants were flowering) to 100 (all plants were flowering). Vegetative growth, on the other hand, increased when the number of individuals decreased. Dormancy was present, but occurred only in a few individuals. Using a non-structured population viability model, future prospects of this species were assessed. Calculation of extinction probabilities and estimated times to extinction using the diffusion approximation model showed that the species had a relatively high probability (79%) of surviving the next 20 years, whereas the median time to extinction was forty years. However, because 95% confidence intervals of the population growth included 1, we suggest that continued monitoring and additional genetic research are needed to assess the long-term viability of this species.     

茶语四君子——茶与梅兰竹菊

梅兰竹菊,迎霜竟放,傲雪独立,乃君中四子。绿(茶)青(茶)红(茶)黑(茶),历史悠久,声名远播,为茶中四语。本文探讨茶与花中四君子特点,深入发掘茶文化与花中四君子文化之间的联系,以他类文化促进茶文化的发展。     

建兰与寒兰杂交后代试管花诱导及其形成过程的形态学及细胞学观察

从建兰与寒兰杂交后代的根状茎、试管苗和根状茎薄层均诱导出试管花,诱导率分别为61.67％、80.00％和16.67％。对根状茎、试管苗和根状茎薄层试管花形成过程的形态学观察结果显示,试管花的形成和发育过程可分为花芽诱导期,花芽形态建成期,开花期,谢花期4个时期。以试管苗为材料的试管花形态建成所需的时间最短,根状茎次之,根状茎薄层所需的时间最长。细胞学观察结果显示,根状茎试管花起源于皮层,其形态建成过程可分为花序原基形成期、花序原基分化期、小花原基形成期和小花原基分化期4个时期。     

Improving the micropropagation efficiency of hybrid Dendrobium orchids with chitosan

The appropriate chitosan types and concentrations for enhancing the in vitro micropropagation of Dendrobium ‘Eiskul’ were studied using 70, 80 and 90% N-deacetylated polymeric (P-70, P-80 and P-90) and oligomeric (O-70, O-80 and O-90) forms of crab (Portunus pelagicus) chitosan. For the initial protocorm-like body (PLB) multiplication, the application of 10 mg/L of P-70 or 20 mg/L of P-90 was optimal, although 10 mg/L of P-80 and O-70 were also effective, and attained maximal PLB replication rates without increasing the detectable levels of somaclonal variation. However, during PLB-shoot induction, 10 or 20 mg/L of O-80 was the most appropriate chitosan and also induced further PLB formation. For plantlet regeneration, the addition of 10 mg/L of O-80 or P-80 gave the best quantity and quality, respectively, of plantlets. Finally, 20 mg/L of P-70 chitosan as a supplement during exflasking enhanced both the survival rate and the growth of the plantlets at one month after exflasking. Together, these data reveal a potentially beneficial and applicable protocol for commercial orchid micropropagation.     

兰花离体开花的研究进展

从光周期、温度、植物激素、培养基成分、外植体种类等因素对兰花离体开花的影响因素进行了概述,并对今后兰花花期调控的研究方向作了展望。     

兰花组织培养研究进展

就目前兰花在根、茎、叶、花梗和种子等方面的组织培养效率作简要综述,介绍了兰花组织培养在培养基、植物激素、蔗糖等理化因子及外界条件方面的研究进展。     

四种兰花辐射育种研究初报

 以冬凤兰［Cymbidium dayanum Rchb.］，竹叶兰［Arundian graminifolia （D.Don） Hochr.］，碧玉兰［C. lowianum （Rchb.f.） Rchb.］，西藏虎头兰（C. tracyanum L.）组培苗为材料，进行⁶⁰Co γ射线不同剂量处理，统计各处理植株死亡率、成活率及成活植株增殖率，并观察当代表型变异率和进行回归模型分析,初步结果表明：冬凤兰、竹叶兰、碧玉兰、西藏虎头兰组培苗的半致死剂量分别为：20.72 Gy，26.31 Gy，29.88 Gy，41.04 Gy，出现了植株矮化、变粗、叶变宽、叶尖分叉、叶上有淡绿斑，叶扭曲等较明显的表型变化。