明代园记中的层进台空间深析

台是中国传统建筑类型中非常有代表性的一种。台能够使人产生独特的感觉,主要因为高起、容纳人、上部开敞、可赏景的特征,并由这些特征导致了人在台上空间与在其它园林空间类型感觉不同。这些特征导致人置身台面上会两有种独特的感觉,其一,更接近天,更远离人世;其二,获得了极不同的视高体验。台这种建筑形式在现代已经极少出现了,但是其能形成良好的空间感所具备的特征对我们空间营造的工作仍然有极大的借鉴意义。     

牡丹5个管家基因的克隆及其在系统进化分析中的应用

利用RT-PCR技术从牡丹组7个野生种和1个栽培种中分别克隆得到泛素延伸蛋白基因(ubiquitin,UBI)、素环蛋白基因(cyclophilin,CYP)、肌动蛋白基因(Actin)、葡萄糖六磷酸脱氢酶基因(glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase,G6PD)和β–微管蛋白基因(beta-tubulin,TUB)等5个管家基因的编码序列(coding sequence,CDS)。序列比对分析发现,5个管家基因序列均相对保守,其在牡丹7个野生种和1个栽培种中的保守性在99.04%~99.69%。利用5个管家基因分别构建了其在牡丹组8份材料中的系统进化树。5个系统进化树均将8份材料分成两组,即革质花盘亚组和肉质花盘亚组;由于5个管家基因核苷酸序列各自的保守性不同,在区分亚组成员间略有差异。综合分析5个管家基因构建的系统进化树可知,杨山牡丹(Paeonia ostii)和栽培牡丹(P.suffruticosa‘Luoyanghong’)常聚为一支,二者亲缘关系较近,因而推测杨山牡丹可能参与了栽培牡丹的形成;紫斑牡丹(P.rockii)和四川牡丹(P.decomposita)一直聚为一支,推测二者亲缘关系较近;黄牡丹(P.lutea)和紫牡丹(P.delavayi)一直聚为一支,推测这二者亲缘关系较近。狭叶牡丹(P.potaninii)与黄牡丹和紫牡丹分化较早,结合前人研究结果建议将狭叶牡丹作为一个独立的种。     

漠大原油管道SCADA通讯中断原因及应对措施

漠大原油管道SCADA控制系统通讯中断频繁,严重威胁管道的安全运行。基于漠大原油管道通讯中断数据,统计分析了通讯中断时长、通讯中断类型的比例分布特性,结果表明,时长2～12 h的通讯中断频次最高,占总中断次数的44.3%。探讨了漠大原油管道通讯中断原因,其中天气因素与设备故障是导致通讯中断的主要因素,共导致了74.4%的通讯中断时长。为了降低通讯中断频次,结合漠大原油管道的运营现状,提出了4项管理措施：加强天气监控及现场作业管理,做好应急预案;完善管道保护程序;积极开展维护修复工作;加快推进加格达奇以南光缆割接与测试工作。     

Contribution of incident solar radiation on leaves and pods to soybean seed weight and composition

The weight and composition of soybean seeds (Glycine Max L. Merrill) depend on changes in carbon and nitrogen assimilate supply during grain filling. Soybean pods and seeds are green, evidencing their capacity to capture light. However, the current physiological knowledge does not consider any effect of incident solar radiation reaching the pods on seed weight and composition. The objective of this work was to investigate the response of seed weight and composition to changes in assimilate supply from leaves, to the incident solar radiation reaching the pods and to the combination of both, changes in assimilate supply from the leaves and incident solar radiation on pods of soybean plants. Field experiments were performed during two growing seasons at Balcarce, Argentina. Treatments modified the amount of assimilates supplied by the leaves (plant shading, defoliation), the solar radiation reaching the pods (pod shading) or both (defoliation and pod shading) during seed filling. Plant shading and defoliation reduced seed weight, oil concentration and oil and protein content and increased the concentration of saturated and poli-unsaturated fatty acids while reduced oleic acid percentage. Pod shading increased the concentration of stearic acid and reduced the concentration of linolenic acid. When pods were shaded on defoliated plants, seed weight and oil and protein content decreased while fatty acid composition was similar to values obtained under defoliation treatment. Based on these results, a conceptual model that considers photoheterotrophic nature of reproductive structures of soybean is proposed. Seed weight, oil and protein content and oil fatty acid composition depended on assimilate availability for the seeds. The response of oil and protein content to assimilate supply depended on whether leaves were present or not. The effect of solar radiation incident on pods depended on the amount of assimilates available for the seeds: (i) when carbon allocated was low (defoliation treatments), pods contributed to seed carbon economy but solar radiation incident on them did not affect fatty acid composition; (ii) when carbon allocated to the seeds was high (intact plants), contribution of pods to seed carbon economy was not significant, but the amount of solar radiation incident on pods produced significant changes in fatty acid composition.     

安徽药用牡丹炭疽病病原菌鉴定

<正>牡丹(Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.)是芍药科植物,为多年生落叶灌木,具有很高的观赏和药用价值。因其风姿华丽、色彩艳丽、品种繁多、深受大家喜爱,是中国传统名花和世界著名花卉之一。其根皮也被称为丹皮,具有抗炎、抑制血小板、止痛、清热等作用,是六味地黄丸等著名中成药的主要配方,也是饮片中的常用品[1-2]。近年来,随着牡丹种植面积的不断扩大,造成牡丹病害的大面积发生,已给牡丹生产带来严重影响。     

鸡新城疫油佐剂灭活疫苗的研究

采用ＮＤ Ｌａｓｏｔａ株为种毒，福尔马林为灭活剂，７号白油为佐剂，吐温８０、司本８０为乳化剂，硫柳汞为防腐剂，高压匀浆泵为乳化工具，研制出ＮＤ油佐剂灭活疫苗。其剂型为双相型（Ｗ／Ｏ／Ｗ），呈稀薄乳状液，粒度为１ｕｍ左右，粘度≤１ｓ，通针性好。４￣８℃有效保存期１年。效力≥７０ＰＤ５０，最早产生免疫时间为１２天（１００％保护），生产中常用免疫剂量为２月龄内每只０．５ｍｌ，２月龄以上每只１．０ｍｌ皮下     

表面油流法显示螺旋离心泵内部流动的研究

对螺旋离心泵叶轮、进水节和进水节与蜗壳交界处的部分端面做了表面油膜、油点试验。通过流谱分析，揭示了表面奇点、分离线与再附着线等流动特征，研究了螺旋离心泵内部流动规律，进而提出了改进螺旋离心泵结构的设想。     

基于GIS的长江中游油菜种植区土壤养分及pH状况

为了掌握长江中游油菜种植区土壤养分状况,在湖北、湖南、江西三个省份调查和取样分析5 463份土壤数据的6个指标(土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾、有效硼和pH),基于Arc GIS平台,采用Kriging插值法分析4个不同油菜种植区域(二熟制山地区、二熟制平原区、三熟制山地区、三熟制平原区)的土壤养分状况。结果表明,长江中游油菜种植区土壤有机质、全氮和有效磷均处于适宜/丰富的含量水平,基本没有5级和6级水平的有机质、全氮、有效磷分布。从不同区域来看,以上3个养分指标总体均表现为三熟制地区养分含量高于二熟制地区。长江中游仍有1.82×10~5 hm~2区域土壤速效钾处于缺乏的水平(30~50 mg kg~(-1))。土壤有效硼含量仍有待提高,尤其是在三熟制地区,土壤有效硼缺乏(5级和6级)的比例仍高达13.6%~20.4%。土壤pH多集中在6.0左右,但是三熟制地区仍然有较高比例(约35.7%)的土壤pH处于4.5~5.5。综上所述,长江中游不同种植区域土壤养分性状存在差异,尤其是三熟制地区仍有相当比例需要提高土壤有效硼和改良酸性土壤。     

4个牡丹品种光合特性的比较研究

在田间栽培条件下,用英国C IRAS-1型便携式光合仪对4个不同株高牡丹品种的光合特性进行了比较研究.结果表明,4个牡丹品种净光合速率日变化均为双峰曲线,有明显的"午休"现象.在日变化及季节变化中,佛门袈裟的净光合速率显著地高于其他品种,其光合作用表观量子效率、羧化效率也最高.品种间光饱和点的差异不显著,但光补偿点则表现为佛门袈裟明显低于其他品种.     

Organic acid content and composition of the olive fruits during ripening and its relationship with oil and sugar

In this work, the contents of oil, sugar and organic acids of olive fruit samples (Domat, Memecik and Uslu) were determined by using HPLC at different maturation stages. Olive fruit samples presented a common organic acid profile, composed of four constituents: oxalic, citric, malic and succunic acids. Total organic acid content of Domat variety was found to be 4787.1 ± 4.53 mg/100 g in January. Memecik variety had the highest value at the beginning of the ripening period (6385.08 ± 4.90 mg/100 g). The amount of organic acid in Uslu variety reached up to the value of 10942.5 ± 30.41 mg/100 g. The results were evaluated statistically to determine relationship between the oil, sugar and organic acid content in three olive varieties during maturation. A positive correlation was found between the total sugar and organic acid (r = 0.54, p < 0.01) whereas a low positive correlation was observed between the contents of oil and total organic acids (r = 0.46, p < 0.05) in olive varieties.