不同营养水平日粮对蛋用鹌鹑产蛋性能及血清生化指标的影响

[目的]比较不同蛋白质及能量水平的饲料对蛋用鹌鹑产蛋性能以及血液生化指标的影响。[方法]将500只"神丹1号"产蛋鹌鹑随机分为2组,分别饲喂低蛋白低能量日粮(CP 18.56%,ME 10.53 MJ/kg)和高蛋白高能量日粮(CP 19.50%,ME 11.01 MJ/kg)11周,研究不同营养水平日粮对蛋用鹌鹑产蛋性能及血液生化指标的影响。[结果]饲喂高蛋白高能量日粮组的鹌鹑产蛋性能高于饲喂低蛋白低能量日粮组,高营养水平组平均产蛋率为81.47%,显著高于低营养水平组(76.29%)(P<0.05);高营养组平均蛋重为10.43 g,高于低营养组(10.30 g),但差异不显著(P>0.05)。血液生化指标测定结果表明高营养组血清尿素含量高于低营养组,其他指标均低于低营养组,但差异均不显著(P>0.05)。[结论]饲喂高蛋白高能量日粮的"神丹1号"产蛋鹌鹑产蛋期产蛋率显著高于饲喂低蛋白低能量日粮的产蛋鹌鹑,而其他指标差异不显著。该研究可为配制产蛋期鹌鹑日粮提供参考。     

大通湖主要营养盐类的变化规律

[目的]了解大通湖水质中营养盐类的月变化特征以及各营养盐之间的相关关系。[方法]2015年6~9月对大通湖3个区域湖水的氨氮、亚硝酸氮、硝酸氮、可溶性磷酸盐的月变化特征进行了研究,并对大通湖水体各营养盐间的关系等进行了分析。[结果]大通湖湖水氨氮和可溶性磷含量在6月最低,9月最高;硝酸氮含量在6月最低,7月最高;亚硝酸氮含量在7月最低。氨氮与可溶性磷酸盐含量呈正相关关系,硝酸氮含量呈递增趋势,亚硝酸氮含量较为稳定。[结论]该研究为大通湖的开发与利用提供参考依据。     

12月龄藏山羊屠宰性能、肌肉品质及肌肉营养成分研究

旨在了解分布于四川的藏山羊的种质特性,试验选择12月龄的藏山羊公、母羊各3只进行屠宰,测定其屠宰性能、肌肉品质及肌肉营养成分等。结果表明,①公、母羊的宰前体重分别为（14.33±1.53）和（12.50±2.18）kg,屠宰率分别为（42.11±5.26）%和（43.85±4.51）%,净肉率分别为（31.34±3.36）%和（32.84±3.16）%,胴体产肉率分别为（72.34±0.54）%和（72.30±0.78）%;②胴体体尺、胴体分割、肌纤维特性、肌肉品质、肌肉营养成分、肌肉矿物质含量及其重金属含量等指标在公、母羊间的差异较小;③公、母羊肌肉中共检测到18种氨基酸, EAA/TAA 分别为（39.18±0.38）%和（38.70±0.72）%,EAA/NEAA分别为（64.31±1.03）%和（63.21±1.92）%。     

冬小麦-夏玉米轮作氮肥施量与氮营养诊断

通过田间试验研究Ｌｏｕ土冬小麦和夏玉米氮肥施用量以及反射仪法在两种作物氮营养诊断中的应用。结果表明,冬小麦和夏玉米氮肥最适施用量为２００－２２６．６ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２和１１２．３－２０５ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２。反射仪法测得的ＮＯ＾－３和流动液射法比较,证明反射仪法可作为一种快速常规分析方法。两种作物反射仪法进行氮素营养诊断的临界值分别为冬小麦１１００－１６５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ,夏玉米１２００－１６００ｍｇ／ｋｇ。     

不同春谷品种支链淀粉含量与营养品质指标及农艺性状的相关性分析

通过田间试验与品质检测,分析了4个不同春谷品种的支链淀粉含量与营养品质指标及农艺性状的内在联系,旨在为优质春谷品种选育提供理论依据。结果表明,各品种的支链淀粉含量存在显著差异;支链淀粉含量与灰分显著正相关,与粗蛋白及直链淀粉含量显著负相关;与刚毛长度极显著正相关,与穗粗和出谷率显著负相关。因此谷子品种选育中,可将不同品系的营养品质指标与农艺性状相结合,提高育种的针对性和效率。     

种植密度对不同类型玉米青贮产量和营养价值的影响

为明确不同类型青贮玉米在临沂地区最佳种植密度,设置了4个密度梯度（60 000、75 000、90 000、105 000株/hm ²）,研究种植密度对专用型青贮玉米雅玉8号和粮饲兼用型玉米登海605饲用产量和营养价值的影响。结果表明：密度对不同类型青贮玉米鲜草、干草产量影响显著,密度增加,青贮玉米鲜草产量和干草产量均先增加后减少,在密度75 000株/hm ²时均获得最高鲜草、干草产量。密度对不同类型青贮玉米粗脂肪、粗灰分、酸性洗涤纤维含量和子粒产量、粗蛋白产量、粗脂肪产量、可消化干物质、相对饲喂价值、无氮浸出物含量和总能量影响显著,密度增加,雅玉8号粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量和可消化干物质、干物质采食量、相对饲喂价值和无氮浸出物含量下降,粗灰分、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量呈上升趋势,子粒产量、粗蛋白、粗脂肪产量和总能量先增加后减少,在密度75 000株/hm ²均获得最高子粒、粗蛋白、粗脂肪产量。从饲料总能量来说,专用型青贮玉米雅玉8号和粮饲兼用型玉米登海605在山东临沂地区饲用的最佳种植密度均为75 000株/hm ²。     

河北省食用菌价格的市场风险度量与预测——基于风险价值法角度

通过分析河北省平菇、香菇、金针菇、杏鲍菇、双孢菇和鸡腿菇6种食用菌的价格变动情况,利用风险价值法(VaR)研究河北省6种食用菌86个月的市场风险情况,并预测研究了河北省食用菌市场发生风险的可能性与程度。结果发现:食用菌的市场风险发生频率较高,且风险对价格影响较大。食用菌市场风险的最优分布函数都不是正态分布,其中香菇和金针菇、杏鲍菇和鸡腿菇的分布函数分别相同,但变动趋势有很大区别。整体上6类食用菌产品的价格下降风险高于上升风险,而根据市场风险发生的频率和影响由大到小排序为平菇双孢菇金针菇鸡腿菇杏鲍菇香菇,尤其是平菇价格上行和下行风险都在30%左右,风险很大,而香菇则在20%以下,风险相对较小,因此应该更加关注平菇和双孢菇的价格风险。     

The agronomic performance and nutritional content of oat and barley varieties grown in a northern maritime environment depends on variety and growing conditions

Warmer temperatures and increasing interest in high provenance food and drink products are creating new opportunities for cereal growing in northern Europe. Nevertheless, cultivation of oats and barley in these areas for malting and milling remains a challenge, primarily because of the weather, and there are few reports of their nutritional content from this region. In this study, trials in Orkney compared agronomic characteristics and nutritional content of recommended UK oat and barley varieties with Scandinavian varieties over three years. For a subset of varieties, nutritional content was compared with samples cultivated in more southerly sites. For Orkney, barley was considered a more suitable crop than oats because varieties matured earlier. In both crops, Scandinavian varieties matured earlier than UK varieties and some produced comparable yields. The range of values for macronutrients and minerals in oats and barley in Orkney were similar to those reported previously for other locations, but there were some significant differences attributable to variety and year. Compared with grain samples from more southerly locations, oats in Orkney had a significantly lower β-glucan and higher sodium content. The lower β-glucan may have resulted from higher rainfall and lower temperatures during the months of grain filling and maturation.     

Stabilization of Tarom and Domesiah cultivars rice bran: Physicochemical,functional and nutritional properties

Extrusion is a multi-step thermal process which has been extensively utilized in food preparations. Effects of temperature, moisture content and speed screw on the stabilization of rice bran were optimized using response surface methodology. Furthermore, the effect of extrusion processing on the physicochemical, nutritional and functional properties of Tarom and Domesiah cultivars stabilized rice bran (SRB) were studied. The colour of rice bran was improved by extrusion processing, but the protein content was reduced, which can be related to the denaturation of protein. Extrusion had also a reduction significant effect on the phyitic acid and vitamin E in stabilized rice bran. However, the content of vitamins B₂, B₃, B₅ and folic acid were remained unchanged, but the dietary fibre was enhanced which has beneficial health effect. In comparison with raw rice bran, water holding capacity was enhanced, but the oil absorption capacity was reduced. Foaming capacity and foaming stability of SRB was more than that of untreated rice bran. Although, they were less than that of rice bran protein concentrate/isolate. As a result, extrusion process improves some functional and nutritional properties of rice bran which are valuable for industrial applications and have potential as food ingredient to improve consumer health.     

施锌肥对旱作马铃薯植株锌含量及块茎品质的影响

为了研究施锌肥对旱作马铃薯全生育期植株锌素的吸收、积累与分配规律,及块茎形成期主要营养品质的影响,进行了施锌(Zn)与不施锌(CK,对照)2个处理的盆栽试验。结果表明,施用锌肥能增加马铃薯不同器官的锌浓度,在生育期进行2次喷施锌肥后,叶片中锌浓度Zn处理比CK处理分别高出27.94,43.89 mg/kg,收获后块茎中的锌浓度Zn处理比CK处理高出28.70%;全生育期马铃薯各器官中锌积累量Zn处理CK处理,出苗后66 d时叶片中锌素积累达最大值,Zn处理为1.469 mg/株,CK处理为0.328 mg/株,Zn处理比CK处理多3倍。全株和块茎的锌素积累量和最大积累速率Zn处理比CK处理分别高63.62%,48.43%,51.58%,55.26%;在整个生育期马铃薯茎和根的锌素积累比例Zn处理CK处理,施锌肥增加了锌素在茎和根中的分配比例,降低了在块茎中的分配比例;随块茎生长期的推进马铃薯块茎的VC、游离氨基酸及淀粉含量均呈抛物线型变化,在块茎膨大后期和淀粉积累期达到最大值,而还原糖含量则出现持续下降的趋势。成熟期末期测定结果表明,Zn处理块茎中VC、游离氨基酸、淀粉含量分别比CK处理高16.19%,22.11%,16.28%,而Zn处理块茎中还原糖含量比CK处理低22.72%。